高三英语大一轮复习课件(牛津创新设计)：第一部分高频语法第六章情态动词和虚拟语气

1、第六章情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气厶、情态动词()情态动词的基本用法can/ could表“能力” O【例1 】Just be patient.Youexpect the world to change so soon.(2010.全国 I )A.can? t B.needn，t C.may not D.whether【例2】 Weeat in a restaurant because none of us had any money on us.A.can t B.couldn? t C.may not D.might not表“许I厂o回答could的提问壷用can, 般丕用cou

2、ld。【例3】-Could I use your bike ?Yes,surelv vouA.mightB.will C.can D.couldwereout.回答could般星表过去的能力；若表示过去的能力得到了实施，一般用w“s /able to,丕用could。【例4】 The fire spread throughout the hotel very quickly but everyoneg(A.had to B.would C.could D.was able tomay / might(1)表“许可” (=can)o若表示“不可以、禁止”,用mustn t或canmight的提问

3、蛍用may, 一般丕用might。【例5 】 一I take the book out ?一r m afraid not.(2010四川)A.Will B.May C.Must D.Need【例6】一Might I use your pen?Yes,of course you.A.mayB.must C.could D. might【例7】一May I watch TV now?No,you.A.canBemustn t C.couldn t D.mightnmay表“祝愿”,置句苴，主谓要倒装。【例8】 Good luck to you, andall your wishes come tr

4、ue !A.can B.may C.must D. mightmust / have to表“必须” o must强调主观看法;have to强调客观需要。【例9 This is a bad party一We reallygo.This is a lovely party, but wego because of our baby.A.must B.may C.can D.have to(2)mustn， t意为禁止、不准” ；haven? t to意为“不必” ( = needn t)。【例 10】 Youpractice the drums while the baby is sleepi

5、ng.A.haven, t to B.mightn t C.mustn t D.won tmust表“偏要、硬要” o【例 11 】 Whyyou always interrupt me ?A.can B.will C.may D.mu st【例 12 】 一May I smoke here ?一If you, choose a seat in the smoking section.A.should B.could C.may D.mu st以must开头的一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，蛍用needn t或haven t to, 一般丕 用mustn, to【例 13 】 一Must I co

6、me at four o clock ?一Oh, no.Youcome at four.A.won, t B.needn t C.can，t D.mustn? t4.ought to / should意为应该”，表义务或责任,ought to的语气btshould稍重。【例 14 】 It, s nearly seven o clock.Jackbe here at any moment.A. must B.need C.should D.canshould表“竟然、万一” o【例 15 】 You can t imagine that a well-behaved gentlemanbe s

7、o rude to a lady.A.might B.need C.should D. would【彳列 16 If youhave any difficulty in getting spare parts,ring this numbe匚A.ought to B.should C.will D.wouldneed(1)意为“需要”，作情态动词用时，须跟动词原形,无人称、数、时态的变化，一 般只用于否定句或疑问句中。在直定句中一般用作行为动词。I【例 17 】 一I don t mind telling you what I know.You.r m not asking you for i

8、t.A.mustn t B.may not C.can? t D.needny t【例 18 】I don， t think hea new computer.A.need to buy B.needs buy C.need buy D.need(2)以need开头的一般疑问句，若要作肯定回答，遷用must, 般丕用need。【例19】一Need I come ?Yes,youA.needB.must C.neednt D.mustn tdare意为“敢”，作情态动词用时，须跟动词原形,宜过去式(dared),无人称、数的变 化，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。在肯定句中一般用作行为动词。【

9、例20】I wonder how hethat to the teacher.A.dare to say B.dare saying C.not dare say D.dared say答案：D【例21 】 Shetell the boss because she doesn t want to make troubleA.doesn t dare to B.not dare C.daren t to D.dares not to答案：Ashall(1)用于疑问句中征求意见，主语是第二、三人称。【例22 】Let s go shopping,we ?A.don? t B.will C.shal

10、l D.mustn, t【例23】 Professor Smith, many students want to see you.they wait here oroutside ?A.Do B.Will C.Shall D.Would(2)用于陈述句中表示说话人的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令等，主语多为第二、三人称。例24 】 一I haven t got the reference book yet, but T 11 have a test on the subject next month.一Don t worry.Youhave it by Friday. (2010-江苏)A.could

11、 B.shall C.must D.may【例25 】 一Mike is absent from class.一Tell him heanswer for it if he goes on behaving like that.A.shall B.will C.would D.canwill / would用于征求意见，主语是第二人称。【例26 】 一you be here when we get back ?一Surely.A.Shall B.Will C.Do D.Mustn t表“意志、意愿”，用于各种人称。主语若为无生命的东西，won t不表意愿，而是“就是不”之意。【例27 I pu

12、shed the second-hand car in the mud with my full strength,but itmove.A.won t B.wouldn t C.mightn t D.couldn t表“习惯” ,will指现在的习惯，would指过去的习惯。【例28】 When he was there, hego to that coffee shop at the corner afterwork every day.Awould B.should C.had better D.might（二）情态动词表推测的用法推测现在的情况，后接动词W；推测正在进行的情况，后接动词

13、的进行时;推测 过去的情况，后接动词的完成时。must只用于肯定句中,意为“一定” o【例29】 一Good morning.Fve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.一Ah, good morning.Yoube Mrs.Peter.（2010-北京）A.might B.must C. would D.can【例30 】I didn t hear the phone.Iasleep.A.must be Bmust have been C.should be D.should have【例31 】 一D

14、o you know what Tom is doing at the crossroads ?Hefor his girlfriendA.should wait Bmust be waiting C.can have waited D.might waitingcan / could多用于否定句或疑问句中,二者一般没玄时间上的差异，只是could的语气更客气委婉。can? t/couldn? t意为“不可能”。【例32】r m afraid Mr.Hardingsee you now.He? s busy.（2010-全国 II ）A.can t B.mustn, t C.shouldn,

15、t D.needn, t【例33 】There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.一Ita comfortable journey.A.can t be B.shouldn t be C.mustn t have been D.couldn t have been【例34】The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because itbe very slow.A.should B.must C

16、.will D.canmay / might用于肯定句或否定句中,migh还是may的过去式，只是might的可能性比may小。may not / mightn? t意为可能不”。【例35】 Petercome with us tonight, but he isn t very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will【例36 】 一Is John coming by train ?He should, but henot.He likes driving his car.A.must B.might C.can D.need【例37 一I can t under

17、stand why our boss is late.一Hethe early bus.A.could miss B.may have missed C.can have missed D.might miss4.ought to / should意为“按理应该”。【例38 】 一When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.一Theybe ready by 12 ： 00.A.can B.should C.might D.need（三）“情态动词+ have donev的虚拟用法1 .ought to / sh

18、ould have done表示过去本应该做而实际上未做，含有责备的口气。【例39】Ihave watched that movie 一it 11 give me horrible dreams.（2010-山东）shouldn t B.needn, t C.couldn, t D.mustn t【例40 】 一r 11 tell Mary about the result of her final examination.Youher yesterday.A.ought to tell B.may tell C.would have told D.ought to have toldcoul

19、d have done表示过去本能够做而实际上未做,含有责备或遗憾之意。【例41 】 一Youyour teacher for help.He is kind-heartedYes.A whole day was wasted.A.can B.must have asked C.could have asked D.shouldn t have askedmight have done表示过去本叮以做而实际上未做,含有责备或遗憾之意。【例42】 Heyou more help, even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might gi

20、ve C.may have given D.may giveneedn? t have done表示过去本没有必要做,但实际上做了 ,含有遗憾之意。【彳列43】 Markhave hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half anhour early.（2010-天津）A.needn? t B.wouldn, t C.mustn t D.couldn t【例44】 She was too nervous to reply, but fortunately sheanything.A.didn t need to sayB.needn t

21、 have saidC.needn t sayD.doesn t need to say二、虚拟语气（一）虚拟条件句的三种基本类型1若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时（be通常用were）,主句谓语用u would （should, could, might） + 动词原形”。【彳列45 】 If placesalike,therelittle need for geogiaphers.A.are； should beB.are； will beD.were ； would beC.were； be2若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时,主句谓语用“would(should,

22、 could, might) + have + 过去分词，。【例46 】If he, hethat food.Luckily, he was sent to the hospitalimmediately.was warned； would not takehad been warned； would not have takenwould be warned； had not takenwould have been warned； had not taken3若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were咸should+动词原形或were to +动词原形，主句谓语用wo

23、uld (should, could, might) +动词原形”。【例47 What would happen if the earthstop turning ?A.willB. would C.couldDe were to【例48】I think itmuch better if hea job soon.Yes,I agree with you.A.would be； got B.is； will get C.would have been； had got D.will be； got注：当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句也可用陈述语气或祈 使句。【例49

24、】 Let me know if yousome more news.A.heard B.would hear C.should hear D.were to hear例50 】If youinterested,Iyou the whole story.A.should be； will tell B.were to； will tellC.were； will tellD.are； would tell（二）错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间丕一致，如从句指过去,而主句却指现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对态作出相应的调整。【攸Ij5

25、1 】 We should be having a terrible time tomorrow if weeverything readyby now.A.haven? t got B.hadn t got C.didn t D.don t get【例52】If hequietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A.lies B.lay Cwould have scored【例55】 But for the storm, weearlier.A.will arrive Bshould have amved

26、C.arnve D.arrived（四）虚拟语气的省略与倒装有时可将连词if省略，而将从句中的were, should, had提到主语之前。【例56 】 What would have happened, as far as the riverbank ?A.Bob had walked fartherB.if Bob should walk fartherC.had Bob walked fartherD.if Bob walked farther【例57 】 you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be imm

27、ediatelycut off.A.Would B.Should C.Were D.Will【例58 】 taken good care of, he would not have recovered so quickly.A.Has he been not B.Had he not beenC.Has not he been D.Had he been not使用虚拟语气的几种从句l.wish后的宾语从句和if only后的句子：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用二般过去时或过去进行时;表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或|“would (could)+have +过去分词”；表示

28、将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，常用“would (could) +动词原形” o【例59】 How I wish every familya large house with a beautiful garden !A.has B.had C.will have D.has had【例60】A.seen【例61】I wish Iyou yesterday.B.saw C.had seen D.were to seeIf only hewhat I tell him,but he won，t.A.had done B.would have done C.would do D.has done

29、2.as if/as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用二 般过去时或过去进行时:表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时:表示将来的可能性不大，用“would (could) +动词原形” o【彳列62】 It seems as if the sunround the earth since it rises in the east and sets inthe westA.circles B.is circling C.were circling D.has been circling注：若从句所说的内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。【例63 】The last

30、 bus has left.It seems as if weto walk home.A.shall have B.had C.would have D.had had3It s (high / about)time后的定语从句：从句谓语通常用一般过去时或ushould+动 词原形” (should不可省)。【例64 】 一I still havenJ t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.一It，s time youit.A.do B.did C.had D. wouldwould rathe诟的宾语从句：通常用二时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过

31、去的愿望。【例65 】 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I d rather he more on its culture.(2010-江苏)A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused5个坚持” (insist) 两个命令(order, command) 三个“建议” (advise, suggest, propose) 四个要求” (demand, require, request, ask)后的宾语从句：一 般用should +动词原形” (sho

32、uld省)。【例66 】The judge ordered that the thiefpunished.A.would be B.should be C.was to be D.must be【例67 】Hethat he could finish the job without any help.A.claimed B.required C.demanded D.asked注：动词insist, suggest后的宾语从句除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，区别是：若 从句内容尚未成为事实，用虚拟语气；从句内容已经成为事实，用陈述语气。【例68 】 The young man insisted that henothing wrong andfree.A.did； set B.had done； should be set C.do； be set D.does； would be set【例69】 Jane s pale face suggested that sheill and her parents suggested that shea medical examination.A.be； should have