新人教版初中英语八年级下册（全册知识点考点梳理、重点题型分类巩固练习）（家教、补习、复习用）

1、新人教版八年级下册英语重难点突破知识点梳理及重点题型巩固练习Unit 1 Whats the matter？词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. have a cold have a cold是动词短语，意为“患感冒，伤风”，也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。其中have表示“患病，得病”，不能用于进行时态，但可与一段时间连用，表示状态；而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作，不能同一段时间连用。例如： I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天了。 此句也可以表达为： I had/caught/got a co

2、ld three days ago. 【拓展】 表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构：（1）have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如： have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a stomachache胃痛（2）have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如： have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a sore arm 胳膊痛 have a sore foot 脚痛（3）身体部位 + hurt/ache。例如：My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。My legs ache. 我腿疼。（4）have a pain in/

3、 on + the + 身体部位。例如：I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。（5）There is something wrong with + ones + 身体部位。例如： There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。2. rest（1）rest作及物动词，意为“使休息”，作不及物动词，意为“休息”。例如：You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading. 在大量阅读之后，你应该休息一下你的眼睛。Im tired, and I want to rest. 我累了，

4、我想休息。（2）rest也可以作名词，常用搭配have a rest，表示“休息一下”。例如：You have a cold，and should have a rest. 你感冒了，应该休息一下。3. break（1）break作不及物，意为“弄碎，破碎”。break的过去式为broke，过去分词为broken。例如：Glass is easily broken. 玻璃容易破碎。（2）break作及物动词，意为“弄碎，弄断”。例如：Li Ming broke his left leg last night. 昨晚李明摔断了左腿。（3）break作及物动词，意为“不遵守”。例如： As a s

5、tudent, you shouldnt break school rules.作为学生，你不该违反学校规则。【拓展】(1) break down 意为“(机器)坏了”。例如： We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down. 我们很抱歉到晚了，因为车抛锚了。（2）break into 表示“破门而入”。例如： I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。(3）break out 表示“（战争、瘟疫、火灾等）爆发”。例如：World War II

6、 broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。 4. hurt（1）hurt作及物动词，意为“使受伤，使弄痛”，过去分词和过去式都是hurt。例如：He hurt his right knee. 他伤了右膝。I hope you havent hurt yourself. 但愿你没有受伤。(2) hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。例如： You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat. 你说她胖，伤害了她的感情了。I dont mean to hurt you. 我并非有意

7、伤害你。（3）hurt作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。例如： My feet hurt when I walk. 我走路时脚疼。 I caught a cold and my head hurt. 我感冒了而且头痛。5. free free作及物动词，意为“使自由”。例如： Can you free me for half an hour？ 你能让我自由一个小时吗？【拓展】（1）free作形容词，表示“自由的；空闲的”。例如：You are free to ask questions. 你可以请随便问。Are you free tomorrow？你有空吗？ （2）free还可作“免费的”。例如：A

8、re the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗? The books are given away free. 这些书是免费赠送的。（3）free的副词freely可表示“自由地，随便地等”，可位于动词之前或之后。例如：You may speak freely. 你可以直言。He could write freely about it now. 他可以自由地写这个事了。6. mean（1）mean作及物动词，表示“打算，意味着”，后接名词，动词不定式短语或从句。例如： The red light means “Stop”. 红灯表示停止。 I mean to go shopping.

9、 我的意思是去购物。The sign means that the road is blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通。 （2）mean的名词形式是“meaning”，表示“意思、含义”。例如： Whats the meaning of the word？ 这个单词的是什么意思？（3）What do / did you mean by.? 该句型的意思是“你是什么意思?” 例如： What do you mean by acting like this? 你这样做是什么意思? 7. lie lie是动词，意为“躺”，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain，现在分词为lying。例如： I

10、found he was lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。 【拓展】 (1) lie有“位于”的意思。例如： A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。(2) lie作动词时，也可意为“撒谎”，过去式和过去分词是规则的，均为lied。lie也可用作名词，意为“谎言”。例如： Dont lie to me.不要向我撒谎。 The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie躺；位于laylainlyinglie说谎liedliedlying (3)英

11、语中，部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如： die dying tie tying lie lying8. breathebreathe可以作不及物动词也可以作及物动词，意为“呼吸”。例如：The old man is breathing hard.这位老人呼吸困难。Its good to breathe fresh air. 呼吸新鲜空气有好处。【拓展】辨析breathe和breath这两个词都是表示“呼吸”的意思，但词性不同。breath 是名词；breathe 是动词。例如：He has run himself out of breath他跑得上气不接下

12、气。Its healthy to breathe deeply in the morning早上做深呼吸对身体有益。breath的常用短语： take a deep breath 深呼吸；out of breath上气不接下气9. ourselvesourselves是反身代词，意为“我们自己”。表示“某人自己”的代词，叫反身代词，也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语和同位语，需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。反身代词的构成是：第一人称和第二人称是“形容词性物主代词-self/selves”。例如：myself（我自己），ourselves（我们自己），

13、yourself（你自己），yourselves（你们自己）第三人称是“宾格代词-self/selves”；单数形式是加-self，复数形式是加-selves。例如：himself（他自己），herself（她自己），itself（它自己），themselves（他们自己）注意：对于单数人称的反身代词加-self,对于复数人称的反身代词加-selves。常用短语有：by oneself 某人独自 enjoy oneselfhave a good time 玩得开心teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃、喝dress oneself 自己穿衣服 hurt one

14、self 伤了自己词汇精练I. 英汉词组互译。1. have a cold _ 2. 量体温_3. to ones surprise_ 4. 同意做某事_ 5. be used to doing sth. _ 6. 看医生_7. run out of_ 8. 下车_ 9. thanks to _ 10. 及时_ II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。1. Do you_ (介意) if I open the window？2Be careful，not to _(受伤) yourself3Tom is in a difficult s_4I have made a d_ about my st

15、udy goal for the new term5We should look after o_ when we are alone at home 6If you have a fever，you s_ lie down and rest7I have a _（牙疼），so I want to see a dentist(牙医) 8They retire(退休) and have a lot of f_ timeIII. 从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1Its hard to make a _(decide) now 2Is she used to _(walk) after suppe

16、r? 3The _(die) of her lovely cat makes her sad 4As time goes by，we can realize the _(important) of love 5_ he _(have) a sore back? 6He should _(have) some hot water7Look! A dog _(lie) at the door 8We are _(surprise) at the news 9He kept on _(work) though his leg hurt 10No one can be successful _(wit

17、h) hard work IV. 听力链接。（2015年兰州中考）听句子，选择与所听内容相符的图片。每个句子读两遍。A B CDE1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_【参考答案】I. 英汉词组互译。1.感冒 2.take ones temperature 3.使某人吃惊 4.agree to do sth.5.习惯于做 6.go to see a doctor 7.用尽；耗尽 8.get off9. 多亏；由于 10. in timeII. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。1.mind 2.hurt 3. situation 4. decision 5. ourselves 6. should 7. t

18、oothache 8. freeIII.从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. decision 2.walking 3. death 4.importance 5. Does，have 6. have 7. is lying 8.surprised 9. working 10. withoutIV. 听力链接。1-5 CDABE听力材料：第一节 听句子，选择与所听内容相符的图片。每个句子读两遍。1It was rainy last night2Look at the baby monkeysTheyre very cute3There is something wrong with his h

19、eart4My cousin likes playing the piano5The girl crossed her arms，so it seemed that she wasnt interested in the conversation句式精讲1. Whats the matter？ Whats the matter?和Whats wrong?是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么了？”，是医生询问病人病情时的常用语。例如： Whats the matter? 你怎么了？I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。Whats wrong, Tom? Tom怎么了？I d

20、ont feel very well. 我感觉不太舒服。【拓展】 Whats the matter?和Whats wrong?后可接with sb. / sth.，即Whats the matter with sb./ sth.?或Whats wrong with sb./sth.?意为“某人/某物怎么了？”例如： Whats the matter with you? = Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了？Whats wrong / Whats the matter with your leg? 你的腿怎么了？Nothing. 没什么。注意：matter是名词，其前只能加定

21、冠词the；wrong是形容词，前面不需要加任何冠词。不能说Whats your wrong? 和Whats your matter?2. What should she do？She should take her temperature.should作情态动词，意为“应当，应该”。表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变化，也不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态；否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldnt。其主要用法有： (1) 表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。例如： You should take your teachers advice.

22、你应该听从你老师的建议。 You shouldnt be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。 (2) 表示推断，意为“可能，该”。例如： The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。3. But to his surprise，they all agreed to go with him.(1) surprise作动词时，意为“使惊奇，使感到意外、吃惊”。例如： What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外？ (2) surprise作不可数名词时，表示“惊奇，惊异”。例如： Her face showed surp

23、rise at the news. 听到这个消息，她的脸上露出了惊奇的表情。（3) surprise作可数名词时，表示“惊奇、惊讶、意外的事或吃惊的事”。例如： He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大感意外。（4）作名词用时常可构成如下短语： to ones surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是”；in surprise意为“吃惊地 ”。例如： To my surprise, he passed the exam. 使我吃惊是，他竟然通过了考试。 He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。4. He wa

24、s not ready to die that day.（1）ready 作形容词，意为“准备好的”。例如： Is everything ready? 一切都准备好了吗？ Are you ready? 你准备好了吗？（2）be/get ready to + 动词原形，意为“准备做”。例如：Im getting ready to travel. 我正准备去旅行。【拓展】be ready for意为“准备去”，后接名词或动名词，同义短语为get ready for。例如：Im ready for bed. 我正准备睡觉。The chicken will soon be ready for the

25、pot. 这些鸡肉很快就可以准备下锅了。5. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mind taking risks.mind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如： Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ Dont mind me.不要管我。【拓展】mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如： He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。 Tom changed his mind at last.

26、 最后Tom改变了主意。句式精练I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。1. We had a good time in the park yesterday. (同义句转换)We _ _ in the park yesterday.2. Sleeping eight hours a night is very important. (同义句转换)_ very important _ _ eight hours a night.3. Its important that we should eat a balanced diet. (同义句转换) Its important _ _ _ _ a bala

27、nced diet.4. Whats the matter with you? (同义句转换)Whats _ _ you?5. I think I have a cold. (改为否定句)I _ _ I _ a cold.6. She has a toothache. (对划线部分提问)_ the _ _ her?7. My head hurts. (同义句转换)I _ a _.8. There is a tall building in front of my house. (同义句转换)A tall building _ in front of my house.9. He need no

28、t return the book three days ago. (同义句转换)He _ _ _ return the book three days ago.10. I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money. (同义句转换)I hope _ I _ _ a present for my mother with my own money.II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. 你的手表怎么了？ 它不走了。 _ _ _ your watch? Its doesnt work. 2. 多吃蔬菜和水果对我们来说是必要的。 Its

29、necessary _ us _ _ more fruit and vegetables. 3. 那个男孩喜欢用英语和别人说话。 The boy _ _ _ others in English. 4. 你怎么了？ 我牙疼。 _ _ _? I have a _. 5. 你看上去气色不好，请躺下休息一下吧。 You dont look _. Please _ _ and have a rest. 6. 你应该帮助你母亲做家务。 You _ _ your mother _ the housework.7. 你介意调低音乐吗？Would you _ _ _the music? 8. 所有学生在为运动会

30、做准备。All the students _ _ _ _the sports meeting.III. 补全对话。（2014年黑龙江龙东市中考）Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should be used only once.A: Hi, Peter. I see you wearing a pair of glasses. But you didnt wear it before, did you?B: (1) But Im afr

31、aid I have to wear it now.A: (2) B: Because I get screen sightedness（近视症）and (3) A: (4) What happened?B: My doctor said that I watched movies or played games on my iPad quite a lot. I suggest you not to do that like me.A: (5) Peter.B: Youre welcome.A. Why? B. Im sorry to hear that.C. No, I didnt. D.

32、 Thank you for your advice.E. Yes, I did. F. I cant see things clearly.1 2 3 4 5 【参考答案】I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。1. enjoyed ourselves 2. Its; to sleep 3. for us to eat 4. wrong with 5. dont think; have 6. Whats; matter with 7. have; headache 8. lies 9. didnt need to 10. that; can buyII.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. Whats wr

33、ong with 2. for; to eat 3. enjoys/likes talking with/to 4. Whats the matter; toothache 5. well; lie down 6. should help; with/do 7.mind turning down 8. are getting ready forIII. 补全对话。15 CAFBDUnit 1 Whats the matter？综合能力演练【巩固练习】I. 单项选择。1. _ the matter with you ? I have a sore back.A. Whats B. Hows C.

34、 Wheres D. Whens2. Do you think I should see a dentist? Yes, I think _.A. not B. no C. so D. it3. I have a sore throat. You should _ down and rest.A. to lie B. lie C. lying D. lied4. My uncle isnt _ at the moment.A. feel well B. feeling well C. feeling good D. feel good5. We shouldnt eat _ junk food

35、.A. too many B. too much C. many too D. much too6. My mother is ill. _A. OK. B. Too bad. C. Thank you. D. Im sorry to hear it.7. Its important _ in good health.A. keep B. keeping C. to keep D. keeps8. The boy needs _ more English conversations.A. practice B. practices C. to practice D. practicing9.

36、I did my homework _ 12 oclock last night. A. when B. until C. becauseofD. while10. What would you like? Id like some water _ honey in it.A.with B. in C.of D. on11I guess Peter and his sister Sally enjoyed _ at the dancing party Amyself Bhimself Cherself Dthemselves12Emma failed her examsI think she

37、should work harder I agree_ she does，shell get good grades AIf BBecause CBefore DThough13I had a hard time with math and I wasnt _ to get the bad report from my math teacher Asure Bsurprised Cexcited Dinterested14I didnt _ my temperature，but I knew I had a fever Agive Bset Ctake Dshow15They agreed _

38、 to a picnic on a sunny dayAwent Bgoing Cto go Dgo真题链接1. The movie is so interesting that I dont seeing it again tomorrow. （2015年山东青岛中考）A. enjoyB. mindC. keepD. finish2.Has Jane done the washing yet? （2015年江苏苏州中考）You cannot her to do such a thing.A. wantB. hopeC. expect D. wish3. Steven, we should _

39、 the bus at the next stop. （2014年河北省中考）A. get upB. get offC. get toD. get inII. 完形填空。 Mr. Johnson was having trouble with his stomach, 1 he went to see a doctor. The doctor 2 his stomach carefully, but couldnt find any problem. Then he said,“Well, Mr. Johnson, take it easy. There is 3 serious(严重). S

40、top smoking and then you will be all right very 4 .” “But doctor,” answered Mr. Johnson, “I 5 . I dont like smoking at all.” “Oh, I see,” said the doctor, “then stop drinking wine(酒) 6 .” “ But I dont drink wine,” answered Mr. Johnson. “Dont drink 7 tea or coffee then,” the doctor said to him.“I 8 d

41、rink water,” answered Mr. Johnson, “I dont like tea or coffee.” The doctor 9 for a while and then said,“Well, what do you like to eat then?” “Potatoes! I like potatoes very much.” Mr. Johnson answered at once. “All right, then stop 10 potatoes.” Said the doctor as he got up to say goodbye to Mr. Joh

42、nson.1. A. so B. butC. orD. for2. A. looked forB. looked at C. looked over D. looked after3. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything4. A. earlyB. soon C. lateD. much5. A. often smoked B. never smoked C. always smoked D. usually smoked6. A. from now on B. from then on C. until now D. until

43、today7. A. any B. many C. someD. a few8. A. never B. onlyC. dont D. hardly9. A. thinks B. thought C. is thinking D. think10. A. cutting B. buying C. washing D. eatingIII. 阅读理解。 AFood is very important. Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of

44、 food. This kind of food is knowledge. We begin to get knowledge even when we are very young. Small children are interested in everything around them. They learn something when they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to read story books, science books and something e

45、lse they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and try to find out answers.What is the best way to get knowledge? If we learn by ourselves, we will get the most knowledge. If we are always getting answers from others and do not ask why. We will never learn well. When we stud

46、y in the right way, we will learn more and understand better.1. Everyone needs to eat _ well if he or she wants to have a strong body.A. apples B. bread C. water D. food2. Our minds need _.A. food B. air C. blood D. knowledge3. Small children are interested in _.A. everything around themB. something

47、 around themC. anything about themD. nothing about them4. _ is the best way to get knowledge.A. Getting answers from othersB. Learning by ourselvesC. Not asking whyD. Asking our teacher5. How can we understand better?A. We learn more.B. We read books.C. We study in the right way.D. We find out answe

48、rs. B 请根据短文内容，判断各句的正误（T/F）。During the day we work and play, at night we sleep. Our body rests while we sleep. In the morning we are ready to work and play again. Our body grows most while we are asleep.Children who are tired usually need more sleep. We can get at our lessons better, after we have ha

49、d plenty of rest. Boys and girls who are eight or nine years old need ten hours of sleep every night. Our body needs plenty of air when we sleep. If we dont get enough fresh air, we will feel tired when we wake up. While in bed we must not cover our heads. Our lungs need to get enough fresh air. If

50、we open our windows at night a little, we can have plenty of fresh air. Cool air is better than warm air. Boys and girls who want to be strong must get plenty of fresh air.6. Our body grows most while we are eating. （ ）7. Children will have lessons well if they get plenty of rest. （ ）8. When childre

51、n are tired, they need to go to bed for rest. （ ）9. Children who are nine years old need 10 hours of sleep every night. （ ）10. Warm air is better than cool air for children. （ ）C（2014年河南省中考）Your parents might not realize how important their health is to you. Now its your chance to let them know!Thin

52、k about it before starting.Before you talk with your parents, it helps to get clear on what you want them to do. _11_ Get more exercise? Get more sleep? If you want a parent to lose weight, youd better find out the disadvantage of being heavy and how great they will feel after eating healthy food or

53、 exercising more._12_Pick a moment when everyones relaxed and theres time to talk. Say something like: “Dad, I care about your health and I worry youre so busy that you dont have time for exercise.” Let parents know you are willing to make the change yourself. For example, say youd be willing to wal

54、k together after dinner.Come up with a plan togetherHas your mom or dad agreed to your ideas? Well done! Lets say the change your mom or dad agreed to is eating healthier food. _13_ Examples are: Ill eat five fruits every day. Ill eat breakfast every morning.Show your encouragement and understanding

55、Its normal if your parents fail at first. If parents want to give up, encourage them to keep going. If youre making a change together, you can say, “Well, Im sorry. Lets start fresh and go on with our plan tomorrow.” _14_ Let your parents know you love and care about them for what theyre doing and t

56、hat it means a lot to you.What if a parent says No?If parents dont follow your ideas, ask them (gently): “Could you at least think about it for me?” _15_How many times have you pushed back on something they asked you to do, but then later thought more about it?Soon youll be grown and out of the hous

57、e. Heres your chance to set your parents on the right way.根据材料内容，选出最佳选项。A. Then give them a little time to consider.B. Do you want a parent to eat better?C. Work together to plan what they and you will do.D. Offer your praise!E. Talk to parents the same way youd like them to talk to you.IV. 书面表达。根据图

58、示，请你写一篇短文，谈谈如何才能保持健康。 要求：词数80左右。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。 How to be healthy All of us want to be healthy._ 答案与解析：I.单项选择。1. A。Whats the matter with you? 习惯用语，“你怎么了？”2. C。A、B项与Yes相矛盾；I think so.为口语，意为“我认为是这样”。3. B。should后接动词原形。4. B。feeling well，well作形容词，意为“身体健康的”。前面有be动词，故用feeling。5. B。too much和too many都表示许多。 t

59、oo much后接不可数名词，too many后接可数名词复数。much too 后接形容词。6. D。考查交际用语。“Im sorry to hear it.”表示“听到这个我很难过”。7. C。 本题考查固定句型Its+形容词+for sb.+ to do sth.，表示“做某事多于某人怎么样”。8. C。这里need是行为动词，need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”。9. B。根据句意“昨晚我写作业写到12点。”可知应该选until，until在此是介词，意为“直到为止”。10. A。some water with honey意为“加蜂蜜的水”，这里的with表示“含有，带有”

60、。11D。enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”。由前面的Peter and his sister Sally可知，此处应为第三人称复数的反身代词themselves，故选D项。12A。if当“如果”讲，引导条件状语从句，当“是否”讲，引导宾语从句；because“因为”，引导原因状语从句；before“在之前”，引导时间状语从句；though“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。由答语句意“我同意。如果她努力学习的话，她会取得好成绩的”可知A项符合题意。13B。前一句意为“我在学习数学上有困难”，所以后面“收到数学老师的不好的报告”应该是“我”预料之中的事。由此可知答案为B项。14C。take o