国立中正大学社会福利研究所教学大纲

1、.PAGE ：.；PAGE 10國立中正大學社會福利研讨所教學大綱98學年度第2學期 編 號：3105154 科目名稱：全球化與福利國家 授課老師：呂建德 英文譯名：Globalization and the welfare stateJen-Der LueDepartment of Social WelfareNational Chung-Chen UniversityMing-Hsiung, Chia-I, 621Taiwan , R.O.C.: 00886-5-2428307Fax: 00886-5-2720810: HYPERLINK mailto:.tw

2、.tw課程說明全球化業已在世界各國引起廣泛的討論了。究竟經濟的全球化對於福利國家的未來是一種挑戰或是一種轉機？我們現在所看到的福利國家，乃是西北歐與美國等工業先進國家，有鑒於兩次大戰之間所爆發的經濟危機及其伴隨而來的社會動盪，透過國家諸多積極介入手段以尋求集體對抗社會風險的制度安排。如所週知，這個尋求集體社會平安的制度安排，主要是奠基在由凱因斯所提供的總體經濟管理理論：透過充分就業與國家總體經濟的調控等政策，現代國家得以提供福利國家賴以維繫的財稅基礎與可供以重分配的財源。凱因斯主義在戰後成為跨越左右兩派意識型態的經濟主張，為國家積極介入勞動市場與提供積極的移轉性支付

3、transfer payment提供了一個堅強的理論辯護基礎。同時，也透過管理式資本主義的方式為經濟成長與平均分配提供了一個結合的能够性，而且不一定要透過將生產工具收歸國有的手段 (Pierson, 1991: 26-28)。充分就業的目標得以完成，主要有賴於國家能有效控制資本的流動，這又透過各國央行有效的利率政策。透過中央銀行的利率政策可以有效地調節資本的流動，並且侷限在民族國家的範圍內。這種一國凱因斯主義胜利的條件主要有賴於戰後以美國為首，為了安定全球資本主義發展所建立起來的布林頓森林協議Bretton Wood Agreement。布林頓森林協議取代了一次大戰前的金本位體制，而代之以美金

4、本位體制，其手段是藉由各國貨幣以美金做為計價單位，透過穩定貨幣兌換率的制度使各國外貿买卖得以順利進行。七零年代中期所出現的兩次石油危機破壞了布林頓森林協議所提供的穩定的买卖環境。美國基於 要素的考慮放棄了美金本位體制，而代之以浮動匯率制(Cerny, 1990: 222)。全球化對於福利國家繼續維繫最大的挑戰在於：一個國家的國民經濟被迫暴露於開放的世界經濟。過去是國家能透過某些制度與政策工具管理市場；在經濟全球化的條件下則是各個民族國家浮游於競爭益趨猛烈的市場大海之上，失去了國家駕馭市場機能的才干，並據以創造維繫大眾忠誠，保证公民福利權的資源。在經濟日趨國際化的情況下，國家假设考慮採取某些凱因

5、斯式的政策手段來保護國內經濟，結果往往適得其反。凱因斯式的福利國家的失敗在於總體經濟需求面的管理已經宣告為不能够，取而代之的是中間與微觀層次的調控(Cerny, 1990: 222)。國家已經不能够達成充分就業的目標(Offe, 1995)，取而代之的是國家能提供多少有利具競爭力的條件來吸引外資的投入。國家在提高本國競爭力時必須採取假设干措施，例如鼓勵某些战略性產業，但同時解散不具備競爭力的夕陽工業。在此一轉化到第三次工業革命的過程中，其代價就是呵斥某些所謂不適任勞工的間歇性失業與隨之而來的高失業率，這就是西北歐自八零年代末期以來所經歷的結構性失業姿态。綜言之，由於以下三個要素的影響，福利國家

6、賴以維繫的財政基礎遭到嚴重侵蝕：資本市場的全球化勞動市場的彈性化經濟生產的國際化面對此一國際經濟分工次序的重組與變化，究竟各工業民主國家俾斯麥方式的德國、貝佛里奇方式的瑞典與美國是如何因應的？福利國家的去控制化真的是因應經濟全球化所不得不採取的因應战略，或是新保守與新自在主義政治战略胜利使然？全球化對於台灣正茁生中的社會福利部門具有什麼樣的意涵？課程計畫時間主題/參考文章報告人備注第一週2月24日開學Introduction：為什麼研讨全球Rethinking Globalization: Glocalization/Globalization and Something/Nothing第二週

7、3月3日什麼是全球化？：概念與說明魏書娥(2001) 全球化趨勢與全球化的思索。顧忠華主編，第二現代：風險社會的出路？頁159-192。台北:巨流。Giddens, A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford: Stanford UP, pp. 1-29, 55-78.Polanyi, K. (1957) The Great Transformation. Boston: Beacon Press, chap. 1, 2,6,10, 16-21.Chase-Dunn, C./Kawano, Y./Nikitin, D. (1998), G

8、lobalization: A World-System Perspective. HYPERLINK /wsystems/archive/papers/c-d&hall/wc98.htm /wsystems/archive/papers/c-d&hall/wc98.htm 呂建德第三週3月10日全球化與福利國家：一個分析的架構呂建德(2001) 從福利國家到競爭式國家？全球化與福利國家的危機. 台灣社會學第二期: 263-313. Genschel, P. (2004) Globalization and the welfare

9、 state: a retrospective. Journal of European Public Policy 11(4): 613-636.呂建德第四週3月17日經濟全球化的缘由及其後果Hirst, P./Thompson, G. (2000) Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance. Cambridge: Polity, chap. 2.Garrett. G. (2000) The Causes of Globalization. Comparat

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11、全球化與社會不平等. 收錄於:張世雄主編, 全球平等與社會正義. 台北: 殷海光文教基金會， 頁165-221.Baldwin, R.E./Martin, P. (1999) Two Waves of Globalization: Superficial Similiarities, Fundemental Differences, NBOER Working Paper 6904. 第五週3月24日金融市場全球化及其對福利國家的衝擊Simmons, B. A. (1999) The Internationalization of Capital, in: H. Kitschelt et al

12、., (eds.) Continuity and Change in the Contemporary Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. P.p. 36-69.Tanzi, V. (2000) Globalization and the Future of Social Protection. IMF Working Paper, WP/00/12.Sassen, S. (1991) The Global City. Princeton: Princeton Uni. Press. Chap. 4,5,6.第六週3月31日全球化對於勞動市場與勞資關係的衝

13、擊Rodrik, D. (1997) Has Globalization gone too far?. Washington, D.C.: Brookling Institute for International Economics, Chap. 3,4,5.Wood, A. (1995) How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers? Journal of Economic Perspectives 9(3): 57-80. Regini, M. (2000) Between Deregulation and Social Pacts: The Responses of

14、 European Economies to Globalization. Politics and Society 28(1): 5-33.第七週4月7日校際活動： 全球化下的國際租稅競爭Genschel, P. (2001) Globalization, tax competition, and the fiscial viability of the welfare state. MPIFG Discussion Paper 01/1. Koeln. Swank, D. (1998) Funding the Welfare State: Globalization and the Tax

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16、 Globalization, Domestic Politics, and the Welfare State, in: P. Pierson (eds.) The New Politics of the Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford UP, pp. 17-44.Hicks, A. and C. Zorn (2005) Economic globalization, the macro-economy, and the reversals of welfare expansion in affluent democracies, International Or

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18、 Palme, J. (2003) New Politics and Class Politics in the Context of Austerity and Globalization: Welfare State Regress in 18 Countries, 1975-95. American Political Science Review 97(3): 425-46.Burgoon, B. (2001) Globalization and Welfare Compensation: Disentangling the Ties that Bind International O

19、rganization 55(3): 509-551.Esping-Andersen, G. (1996) After the Golden Age? Welfare State Dilemmas in a Global Economy, in: Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptations in Global Economics, Esping-Andersen, G. (eds.). London: Sage, pp. 1-31.第十週4月28日經濟全球化對於保守主義福利國家的衝擊與影響Swank, D. (2002) Global

20、Capital, Political Institutions, and Policy Change in Developed Welfare States, Chap. 5: Globalization and Policy Change in Corporatist Conservative Welfare States. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 161-217.Manow, P./Seils, E. (2000) Adjusting Badly: The German Welfare State, Structural Change, and the O

21、pen Economy, in: Scharpf/Schmidt(eds.), pp. 264-307.第十一週5月5日經濟全球化對於社會民主式福利國家的衝擊Swank, D. (2002) Global Capital, Political Institutions, and Policy Change in Developed Welfare States, Chap. 4: Big Welfare States in Global Markets: Internationalization and Welfare State Reform in the Nordic Social Dem

22、ocracies. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 161-217.1. Benner, M./Vad, T. B. (2000) Sweden and Denmark: Defending the Welfare State, in Charpf/Schmidt (eds.), pp. 399-466.第十二週5月12日經濟全球化對於自在主義福利國家的衝擊Swank, D. (2002) Global Capital, Political Institutions, and Policy Change in Developed Welfare States, Cha

23、p. 6: Internationalization and Liberal Welfare States: A Synopsis. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 218-242.第十三週5月19日福利國家能否有效面對全球化的衝擊？Gough, Ian (1996) Social Welfare and Competitiveness, New Political Economy 1(2): 209-232.Scharpf, F. W. (1999) The Viability of Advanced Welfare States in the Internatio

24、nal Economy: Vulnerabilities and Options. MPIFG Discussion Paper 99/9. Koeln. Hicks, A. (1999) Social Democracy and Welfare Capitalism: A Century of Income Security Politics. Ithaca/London: Cornell Uni. Press, Chap. 7, 8.第十四週5月26日經濟全球化下小國回應的战略分析呂建德2003經濟全球化與福利改革的政治經濟學：荷蘭與丹麥經驗的分析，社會政策與社會任务學刊七卷二期：121-

25、170。Hirst/Thompson (2000) Globalization in Question (2nd), Chap. 6. Can the Welfare State Survive Globalization ?. Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. 163-190.Schwartz, H. (1994) Small States in Big Trouble: State Reorganization in Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, and Sweden in the 1980s. World Politics 46

26、(July): 527-555.呂建德第十五週6月2日全球化趨勢下的歐洲未來福利方式：歐洲社會國？Streeck, W. (1995) From Market Making to State Building? Reflections on the Political Economy of European Social Policy, in: European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration, Leibfried, S./Pierson, P. (eds.). Washington: Brooklings Instit

27、ution, pp. 389-431.Scharpf, F. W. (2002) The European Social Model: Coping with Challenges of Diversity. MPIFG Working Paper 02/8.Streeck, W. (1999) Competitive Solidarity: Rethinking the “European Social Model. MPIFG Discussion Paper 99/9. Koeln. Leibfried, S. (1992) Towards a European Welfare Stat

28、e? On Integrating Poverty Regimes into the European Community, in: Social Policy in a Changing Europe, Ferge, Z./Kolberg, J. E.(eds.). Frankfurt: Campus, pp. 245-279.Leibfried, S./Pierson, P. (1995) Semisovereign Welfare State: Social Policy in a Multitiered Europe, in: European Social Policy: Betwe

29、en Fragmentation and Integration, Leibfried, S./Pierson, P. (eds.). Washington, D.C.: Brooklings Institution, pp. 43-77.第十六週6月9日經濟全球化對於東亞福利體制特別是台灣的衝擊與影響Holliday, I. (2000) Productivist Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy in East Asia, Political Studies 48: 706-723.Ramesh, M. (2003) Globalizationa and

30、social security expansion in East Asia. In: Linda Weiss (ed.) States in the Global Economy: Bringing Domestic Institutions Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 83-98.第十七週6月16日端午節第十八週6月23日繳交報告以報告討論方式進行 打號者為建議閱讀讀物書面報告請於June, 23. 2021前交齊，報告題目含綱要及書目則請於 April. 14. 2021繳交Suggested Further Reading於圖書館教授指定

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34、5) International Capital Markets. Development, Prospects and Policy Issues, Washington D.C.Krugmann, P. (1995) Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences, in: Brooklings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 1 (1995): 327-362.Martin, A. (1997) What does Globalization have to do with the Erosion of Welfare State? Sorting out the Issues. Cente