加拿大奶牛肉牛无乳链球菌乳房炎

1、无乳链球菌乳房炎Streptococcus agalactiae MastitisPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis无乳链球菌革兰氏阳性球菌Streptococcus agalactiae gram-positive cocci高度传染，专性奶牛乳腺寄生细菌Highly contagious obligate inhabitant of mammary gland of cow挤奶时牛牛传播Cow to cow transmission at milking

2、不侵入乳房组织，但损害上皮Does not invade mammary tissue but does damage epithelium危险因素Risk Factors带菌牛只Carrier cows不正确的挤奶程序Improper milking procedure临床症状Clinical Findings主要引起亚临床性乳房炎Mainly causes sub-clinical mastitis 乳无可视变化No visible changes in the milk所有乳房炎病例的90%是亚临床性乳房炎（70%的经济损失来自乳房炎）90% of all cases of mastit

3、is are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亚临床性乳房炎是最昂贵的疾病Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows体细胞计数高High Somatic Cell Count (SCC)可偶尔发作成临床性乳房炎May occasionally flare-up to clinical体温升高，食欲下降，精神萎靡，奶有变化Elevated temperature, decreased appetite, d

4、epression and changes in the milk诊断Diagnosis根据SCC，临床症状和乳的细菌培养Based on SCC, clinical signs and milk culture鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis其他原因引起的乳房炎Other causes of mastitis实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology如果牛群有问题，大批乳桶的SCC升高If herd problem, elevated bulk tank SCC引起单个感染牛只的SCC显著升高Causes marked increase of SC

5、C in individually infected cows利用SCC鉴别感染牛，然后用CMT鉴别感染乳区Utilize SCC to identify infected cows then use CMT to identify infected quarter肯定感染乳区做细菌培养以区分其他链球菌和葡萄球菌Culture infected quarter-must differentiate from other Streptococcus and Staphylococcus治疗Treatment无乳链球菌对抗生素敏感，包括青霉素Streptococcus agalactiae is

6、sensitive to antibiotics including Penicillin在泌乳期，用Blitz治疗所有感染牛Blitz treat all infected cows during lactation 预后情况Prognosis治疗有效的，预后良好，可从牛群中消灭Good for response to treatment and elimination from the herd预防Prevention & Control阻止传播是基本的预防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control挤奶程序和卫生设备Milking Pro

7、cedure and Sanitation前浸泡Pre-dip弃掉前几把奶，检查临床性乳房炎（器具表面黑色最好）Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)用一次性纸巾清洗和刺激乳房排乳Clean and stimulate milk letdown with individual paper towels 如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒剂Disinfectant in wash solution if used只洗脏的奶牛，洗后必须完全擦干Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly dri

8、ed挤奶员戴橡胶手套Rubber gloves on milker应用奶杯Apply milking claw从程序2至7应有6090秒Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds避免过度挤奶Avoid over-milking浸泡乳头可以传送排乳信号Teat dip post milking检验并套上挤奶器Test and maintain milking machines在干乳期，每头奶牛的每个乳区都要干燥Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off淘汰慢性感染牛只Cull chronically infected cows治疗所有的临床性乳房炎病例Treat all cases of clinical mastitis隔离所有的感染牛只及其牛