地质工程复试

1、精选优质文档倾情为你奉上精选优质文档倾情为你奉上专心专注专业专心专注专业精选优质文档倾情为你奉上专心专注专业ADDIN CNKISM.UserStyle英语复试自我介绍：简单准备Good afternoon , teachersIm very glad to be here for this interview . My name is . Im 22years old , I come from Pingxiang.a beautiful city of Jiangxi province . It takes only half an hour to take the high-speed

2、train to Changsha. I will graduate from JXU of Science and Technology this June .I major in Geological Engineering。I am a lively and outgoing person who likes to make friends. I have been a class monitor since I entered the university. I am good at communication and will be happy to help my classmat

3、es. However, sometimes things will be a little careless and need to be corrected positively.I have a wide range of interests and hobbies, especially basketball and running. I am one of the main players of our faculty team. I have also participated in two international half marathons and insisted on

4、running the whole course. Sports and marathon spirits make me more aware of the value of hard work and persistence, and motivate me to do the same in my academic life.In my spare time, I often browse the zhihu forum, where I can learn a lot of new knowledge and explore some unknown areas. I also pai

5、d attention to a lot of geological bulls, reading their latest articles and answers, each time benefiting a lot. I like geology, which is why I chose this subject.I really want to make great efforts to become a member of the central south university to study further for my major. So today I stand he

6、re. I will try my best to obtain a chance to be a graduate of this University.Thats all. Thank you for listening各位老师下午好我很高兴能来参加这次面试。我的名字叫黄思雨。我今年22岁，我来自萍乡。江西省一个美丽的城市。坐高铁去长沙只要半个小时。今年六月我将从JXU理工学院毕业，我的专业是地质工程。我是一个活泼开朗的人，喜欢交朋友。自从我上大学以来，我一直是一名班长。我善于沟通，很乐意帮助我的同学。然而，有时事情会有点粗心大意，需要积极纠正。我有广泛的兴趣爱好，尤其是篮球和跑步。我是我

7、们教师团队的主要成员之一。我还参加了两次国际半程马拉松，坚持跑完全程。运动和马拉松精神让我更加意识到努力和坚持的价值，并激励我在学术生活中也这样做。在我的业余时间，我经常浏览知湖论坛，在那里我可以学到很多新的知识，探索一些未知的领域。我也关注了很多地质学的牛人，阅读他们最新的文章和答案，每次都受益匪浅。我喜欢地质学，这也是我选择这个学科的原因。我真的很想努力成为中南大学的一员，为我的专业继续学习。所以今天我站在这里。我将尽我最大的努力获得一个机会成为这所大学的毕业生。这是所有。谢谢大家的聆听你最喜欢哪门课程？I like ordinary geology most, because this

8、is the first lesson of my university professional class, which satisfied my curiosity about the geological profession. As an introductory textbook for geology, it made me realize the importance of geology to the global environment and peoples survive . Also let me understand the responsibilities and

9、 obligations of geologists我最喜欢普通的地质学，因为这是我大学专业课的第一节课，满足了我对地质专业的好奇心。作为一本地质学入门教材，它让我意识到地质学对全球环境和人类生存的重要性。还要让我了解地质学家的责任和义务介绍一下地质工程？Geological engineering is to study the relationship between human engineering activities and geological environment. It mainly studies how to obtain geological environmenta

10、l conditions, analyzes and studies the forms of mutual constraints between human engineering activities and geological environment, and then studies, evaluates, , and protects the geological environment. 376/5000 地质工程是研究人类工程活动与地质环境的关系。主要研究如何获取地质环境条件，分析研究人类工程活动与地质环境相互制约的形式，进而研究、评价、保护地质环境。你最喜欢的一本书名？My

11、 favorite book is Mamba Spirit. Mamba refers to Kobe, a world-class basketball star. My idol is Kobe. I like his spirit of not admitting. I also hope that I can do this on the basketball court and in learning.Such people are always motivated and good at learning. Be able to do whatever you want to d

12、o我最喜欢的书是曼巴精神。曼巴指的是科比，一个世界级的篮球明星。我的偶像是科比。我喜欢他不承认的精神。我也希望我能在篮球场上和学习中做到这一点。这样的人总是充满动力，善于学习。想做什么就做什么考研原因？There are several reasons，The first，Most of the courses at the undergraduate level will be broader, often broad but not deep enough. After entering the postgraduate stage, we can go deeper in a certa

13、in field or direction, so that we can have a clear understanding of the direction, master relevant knowledge and technology, and have the ability to further technical development or academic research.The second，Now many people take college exams, so further study can make some students stand out, ch

14、ange their own destiny, climb a higher level, and lay a good foundation for future development.有几个原因,第一,大部分的课程在本科水平将会更广泛,经常广泛但不够深。进入研究生阶段后，我们可以在一定的领域或方向上走得更深，这样我们就可以对方向有一个清晰的认识，掌握相关的知识和技术，并有能力进行进一步的技术开发或学术研究。第二,现在很多人参加大学考试,所以进一步研究可以让一些学生脱颖而出,改变自己的命运,攀登更高的水平,为未来的发展奠定了良好的基础。研究生期间你的计划First of all, succ

15、essfully complete the basic courses and professional courses for graduate students. strive for the opportunities to do more experimental projects to train myself and send a few high-level articles. Learn English well, because high-level articles are almost published in foreign journals. Strive for g

16、reater improvement in all aspects首先，顺利完成研究生的基础课程和专业课程。争取机会做更多的实验项目来锻炼自己，并发表一些高水平的文章。学好英语，因为高水平的文章几乎都发表在国外的杂志上。努力在各方面取得更大的进步你的家乡My hometown is Pingxiang, a small city in Jiangxi Province, adjacent to Hunan. It takes only half an hour to take the high-speed train to Changsha. Pingxiangs history is fam

17、ous for its rich mineral resources. It is called “Coal City” and Pingxiangs famous attraction is Wugong Mountain, there are many friends from all over the country climbing the mountain every year. I like my hometown, she is very beautiful.我的家乡是萍乡，江西省的一个小城，毗邻湖南。坐高铁去长沙只要半个小时。凭祥的历史以其丰富的矿产资源而闻名。它被称为“煤城”

18、，萍乡的著名景点是武功山，每年都有许多来自全国各地的朋友来登山。我喜欢我的家乡，她很漂亮考研口语复试实战技术贴：在问答环节，如果没听清，可请求重复，可以说：Excuse me . could you please say it again?一时语塞或找不到确切的表达词语时，可用一些相对模糊的词语来代替，例如：Its something like.修正口误或者发现自己跑题，主动拉回来：That is to say ADDIN CNKISM.UserStyle高压旋喷法高压喷射注浆主要适用于处理淤泥、淤泥质土、粘性土、粉土、黄土、砂土、人工填土和碎石土等地基。对含有砾石直径过大过多、含有大量纤维质

19、的腐殖土,及在地下水流速过大、喷射无法在注浆管周围凝固等情况下不宜采用水泥搅拌桩适用于处理正常固结的淤泥与淤泥质土、素填土、粉土、粘性土以及无流动地下水的松散砂土等土层静力触探法静力触探是指利用压力装置将有触探头的触探杆压入试验土层，通过量测系统测土的贯入阻力，可确定土的某些基本物理力学特性，如土的变形模量、土的容许承载力等适用于软土、粘性土、粉土、砂类土及含少量碎石的土层标准贯入用63.5kg的锤,自1900px（76cm）的高度自由落下,将长度51厘米、外径5.1厘米、内径3.49厘米的对标准贯入器击入土中750px（30cm）所需的锤击数,称为标准贯入击数N，是动力触探的一种，是在现场测

20、定砂或粘性土的地基承载力的一种方法。标准贯入试验除适用一般粘性土外，还可适用于、砂土，包括、细砂和中砂。对于、，以及圆砾、等土类，地质工程、岩土工程、工程地质的区别工程地质学（Engineering Geology）是研究与工程建设有关地质问题的科学（张咸恭等著中国工程地质学）。工程地质学的应用性很强，各种工程的规划、设计、施工和运行都要做工程地质研究，才能使工程与地质相互协调，既保证工程的安全可靠、经济合理、正常运行，又保证地质环境不因工程建设而恶化，造成对工程本身或地质环境的危害。工程地质学研究的内容有：土体工程地质研究、岩体工程地质研究、工程动力地质作用与地质灾害的研究、工程地质勘察理论

21、与技术方法的研究、区域工程地质研究、环境工程地质研究等。由此可见，工程地质是地质学的一个分支，其本质是一门应用科学；岩土工程是土木工程的一个分支，其本质是一种工程技术。从事工程地质工作的是地质专家(地质师)，侧重于地质现象、地质成因和演化、地质规律、地质与工程相互作用的研究；从事岩土工程的是工程师，关心的是如何根据工程目标和地质条件，建造满足使用要求和安全要求的工程或工程的一部分，解决工程建设中的岩土技术问题。因此，无论学科领域、工作内容、关心的问题，工程地质与岩土工程的区别都是明显的。近年来，许多工程地质人员向岩土工程转移，结构出身的岩土工程师注意学习地质知识，这是很好的现象，但这种现象不能

22、说明工程地质和岩土工程将 “合二而一”。工程地质是岩土工程的基础，岩土工程是工程地质的延伸岩土工程（Geotechnical Engineering）是土木工程中涉及岩石和土的利用、处理或改良的科学技术（国家标准岩土工程基本术语标准）。岩土工程的理论基础主要是工程地质学、岩石力学和土力学；研究内容涉及岩土体作为工程的承载体、作为工程荷载、作为工程材料、作为传导介质或环境介质等诸多方面；包括岩土工程的勘察、设计、施工、检测和监测等等。重力式挡土墙一般用浆砌片石砌筑,缺乏石料地区可用混凝土3.形式简单，取材容易，施工简便，经济效果好4.当地基承载力低时，可在墙底设钢筋混凝土板，可减薄墙身，减少开挖

23、量适用于低墙，地质情况较好，有石料地区扶壁式挡土墙悬臂式与扶壁式挡土墙。属于薄壁式钢筋混凝土挡土墙，是一种轻型支挡结构物。它是依靠墙身的重量以及底板以上的城土(合表面超载)的重量来维持其平衡，其主要特点是厚度小:自重轻.挡上高度可以很高，而且经济指标也比较好。6m左右用悬骨式6m以上多用扶壁式。它们适用于缺乏石料、地基承载力较低及地震地区。(1)平板荷载试验:适用于各类土、软质岩和风化岩体: (2)螺旋板荷载试验:适用于软土、-般粘性土、粉土及砂类土:(3)标准贯入试验:适用于一般粘性土、粉土及砂类土:，(4)动力触探:适用于粘性土、砂类土和碎石类土;(5)静力鈾探:适用于软土、粘性土、粉土、

24、砂类土及含少量碎石的土层(6)岩体直剪试验:适用于具有软弱结构面的岩体和软质岩。(7)预钻式旁压试验:适用于确定粘性土、粉出黄、砂类土软质岩石及风化岩石;(8)十字板剪切试验:适用干道是地开放能生的还提办批剪强度及灵敏度等参数;(9)应力铲试险。适用于确定放验优甄状饼和步住土:松散-中密饱和砂类土及(0)崩板创胀试道严用于第一般想和船性土，粉土等。 s一75钻具进行改进完善了深孔绳索取心钻具,主要改进措施如下:(1)采用双卡板悬挂,取消了悬挂环,增大了钻悬具的过水断面,冲洗液能够更加畅通,而且钻具上下阻力小,下降和上升钻具速度快,减少了上下钻具的辅助时间。(2)用卡板可以收缩到内管外径尺寸,当

25、钻杆出现轻微缩径、内鼓包或钻杆变形弯曲时,钻具也不容易被卡住,减少了投放或提升钻具的事故。(3)内管总成和外管总成等长,这样使修理和使用更加方便。(4)缓冲弹簧与单动轴承分别置于两根芯轴上,减少了缓冲弹簧对单动轴承单动性能的影响。(5)安装钻头时,悬挂部分与单动装置可以分离,这样能够减轻劳动强度,同时在使用时可以只备一套悬挂装置。(6)内外管的上下两端都设置了导正环,提高了内管与外管的同轴度和单动性能,也减少了内管的震动。(7)改进钻杆到位报信装置,该装置由转向接头、开槽螺母、垫片、密封圈、变丝接头等组成。当内管总成下放到外管总成中的预定位置时,密封圈座落在变丝接头内部,环状间隙变大,使原来从

26、转向接头里的小孔流出的冲洗液改从密封圈与变丝接头冲洗液流动,冲洗液的通路更大。与此同时,地面压力表上的压力会明显下降,泵压变化范围位l一2个大气压,这时表示内管总成已到达钻进位置,可以开始扫孔钻进。ADDIN CNKISM.UserStyleI am a student of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, my major is geological engineering地质工程是研究人类工程活动与地质环境之间相互制约关系，主要研究如何获取地质环境条件，并分析研究人类工程活动与地质环境相互制约形式，进而研究认识、评价、改造和保护地

27、质环境的一门科学，是地质学的一个分支，是地质学与工程学相互渗透、交叉的边缘学科。Geological engineering is to study the mutual restriction relationship between human engineering activities and geological environment. It mainly studies how to obtain geological environment conditions, and analyzes and studies the forms of mutual restriction

28、between human engineering activities and geological environment, and then studies the understanding and evaluation. The science of reforming and protecting geological environment is a branch of geology and a borderline subject of interpenetration between geology and engineering.地质学是一门自然科学。有了它，人类就能发现

29、各种有用的矿物。地质学研究地球。但在大气、水圈和岩石圈这三个球体中，它只直接研究岩石圈。研究了地壳中物质的组成和分布。它还研究地壳中岩石和矿物的形成、变化和发展。1 GEOLOGY Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and lithosphere, it only directly studi

30、es the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earths crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earths crust.地质学是一门自然科学。有了它，人类就能发现各种有用的矿物。地质学研究地球。但在大气、水圈和岩石圈这三个球体中，它只直接研究岩石圈。研究了地壳中物质的组成和分布。它还研究地壳中岩石和矿物的形成、变化和发展。Geol

31、ogy is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with the origin of landscape and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of anima

32、ls and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.地质学是一门非常复杂的科学。地质学有许多分支。矿物学是矿物的科学。岩石学是岩石的科学。地貌学研究景观的起源及其变化。历史地质学追溯了地球及其上动植物的演变和发展。地层学研究地壳中岩石的层序。古生物学

33、涉及古代动植物。这些只是地质学最重要的几个分支之一。Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in a

34、griculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them to serve our socialist construction.地质学是一门非常重要的科学。我们依靠地质学来发现各种工业所需的矿藏。许多矿物被用作燃料和原材料。没有他们，工业化是不可能的。矿物也被用作农业肥料。中国的各种矿藏非常丰富。地质学的研究将有助于我们发现地质学，为我们的社会主义建设服务。ADDIN CNKISM.UserStyle工程地质engine

35、ering geology概述Summary工程地质的内容与重点Contents and Key Points of Engineering Geology建筑场地的形成The Formation of Building Sites地质年代Geologic Age矿物与岩石Minerals and Rocks主要的造岩矿物Major rock-forming minerals岩石的类型和性质Types and properties of rocks第四纪沉积层Quaternary Sedimentary Layer残积层Alluvium坡积层dlq洪积层Alluvial horizon冲积层A

36、lluvium海相沉积层Marine Sedimentary Layer湖沼沉积层Lakes and marshes sediments不良地质条件Bad geological conditions断层fault岩层节理发育的场地Site of rock joint development滑坡landslide河床冲淤Riverbed erosion and deposition岸坡失稳Bank slope instability河沟侧向位移Lateral displacement of rivers地下水groundwater地下水对工程的影响Effect of Groundwater on

37、 Engineering地下水分类Groundwater classification地下水位Groundwater level地下水的运动Groundwater movement地下水水质Groundwater quality土的物理性质及工程分类Physical Properties and Engineering Classification of Soil土的生成与特性Formation and Characteristics of Soil土的生成Soil formation土的结构和构造Structure and Structure of Soil土的工程特性Engineering

38、 properties of soils土的生成与工程特性的关系The relationship between the formation and the engineering characteristic of soil土的三相组成Three-phase Composition of Soil土的固体颗粒Solid particles of soil土中水Soil water土中气体Soil gas土的物理性质指标Physical Property Index of Soil土的三项基本物理指标Three Basic Physical Indicators of Soil反映土的松密程度

39、指标Index reflecting the degree of soil compaction反映土中含水程度的指标Indicators reflecting water content in soil特定条件下土的密度Density of Soil under Specific Conditions土的物理状态指标Physical state index of soil无粘性土的密实度粘性土的物理状态指标Physical state index of cohesive soil地基土的工程分类Engineering Classification of Foundation Soil岩石ro

40、ck碎石土gravels砂土sand粉土Silty soil粘性土cohesive soil人工填土artificial fill土的压缩性与地基沉降计算Compressibility of Soil and Calculation of Foundation Settlement土的变形特征Deformation Characteristics of Soil基本概念Basic concepts土的应力关系Stress Relation of Soil有效应力原理Principle of Effective Stress土中两种应力试验Two kinds of stress tests in

41、 soil有效应力原理Principle of Effective Stress现场应用实例Field application example侧限条件下土的压缩性Compressibility of Soil under Lateral Limit Conditions侧限压缩试验Lateral limit compression test侧限压缩性指标Lateral limit compressibility index土层侧限压缩变形量Lateral confined compression deformation of soil layer土的压缩性原位实验In-situ Compres

42、sibility Test of Soil载荷试验load test旁压试验Side pressure test地基中的应力分布Stress Distribution in Foundation土层自重应力Soil self-weight stress基础底面接触压力Contact pressure of foundation bottom基础底面附加压力Additional pressure on foundation bottom地基中的附加应力Additional Stress in Foundation地基的最终沉降量Final settlement of foundation分层总和

43、法layerwise summation method相邻荷载对地基沉降的影响Influence of adjacent loads on foundation settlement应力历史对地基沉降的影响Effect of Stress History on Foundation Settlement土的回弹曲线和再压缩曲线Soil rebound and compression curves正常固结、超固结和欠固结的概念Concepts of Normal Consolidation, Overconsolidation and Underconsolidation正常固结粘性土的现场原始

44、曲线In-situ original curve of normally consolidated cohesive soil超固结土与欠固结土的现场原始压缩曲线In-situ original compression curves of overconsolidated and underconsolidated soils超固结土与欠固结土的沉降计算Settlement Calculation of Overconsolidated Soil and Unconsolidated Soil地基回弹和再压缩变形的计算Calculation of Foundation Rebound and

45、Recompression Deformation地基回弹变形的计算Calculation of Foundation Rebound Deformation地基回弹再压缩变形的计算Calculation of Re-compression Deformation of Foundation地基沉降与时间的关系Relationship between Foundation Settlement and Time地基沉降与时间关系计算目的The purpose of calculating the relationship between foundation settlement and ti

46、me饱和土的渗流固结Seepage consolidation of saturated soil单向固结理论One-dimensional consolidation theory地基沉降与时间关系计算Calculation of relationship between foundation settlement and time地基沉降与时间经验估算法Empirical Estimation of Foundation Settlement and Time地基瞬时沉降与次固结沉降Instantaneous Settlement and Secondary Consolidation S

47、ettlement of Foundation建筑物沉降观测与地基允许变形值.Observation of building settlement and allowable deformation of foundation.地基变形特征Deformation characteristics of foundation建筑物的沉降观测Settlement Observation of Buildings建筑物的地基变形允许值Allowable value of foundation deformation of buildings防止地基有害变形的措施Measures to Prevent

48、Harmful Deformation of Foundation第4章土的抗剪强度与地基承载力Chapter 4 Shear Strength of Soil and Bearing Capacity of Foundation地基强度的意义Significance of Foundation Strength土的强度的应用Application of Soil Strength土的极限平衡条件Limit Equilibrium Conditions of Soil土体中任点的应力状态Stress state of any point in soil莫尔库仑破坏理论Mohrcoulombs

49、failure theory土的极限平衡 条件.Limit equilibrium condition of soil.杭剪强度指标的确定Determination of Hangzhou Shear Strength Index直接剪切试验Direct shear test三轴压缩试验Triaxial compression test无侧限抗压强度试验Unconfined compressive strength test十字板 剪切试验Vane shear test影响抗剪强度指标的因素Factors Influencing Shear Strength Index抗剪强度的来源Sourc

50、e of Shear Strength影响抗剪强度指标的各种因素Various Factors Affecting Shear Strength Index地基的临塑荷载和临界荷载Plastic Load and Critical Load of Foundation地基的临塑荷载Plastic Load on Foundation地基的临界荷载Critical Load of Foundation地基的极限荷载Limit Load of Foundation地基的极限荷载概念The Concept of Limit Load of Foundation太沙基(Terzaghi K）公式Ter

51、zaghi K formula斯凯普 顿(Skempton)公式Skempton formula汉森(HansenJBV）公式Hansen JBV Formula影响极限荷载的因素.Factors affecting the ultimate load.第5章土压力与土坡稳定.Chapter 5 Earth pressure and slope stability.概述Summary挡土墙的用途与类型Use and Type of Retaining Wall土压力的种类Types of Earth Pressure影响土压力的因素Factors Affecting Earth Pressur

52、e挡土墙发生事故实例Examples of Accidents Occurring in Retaining Wall静止土压力计算.Static earth pressure calculation.计算公式Calculation formula静止土压力的应用Application of Static Earth Pressure朗肯土压力理论Rankines earth pressure theory无黏性土的土压力Soil pressure of cohesionless soil黏性土的土压力Soil Pressure of Clay Soil库仑土压力理论Coulomb earth

53、 pressure theory无黏性 土主动土压力Active Earth Pressure of Non-cohesive Soil无黏性土被动土压力Passive earth pressure of cohesionless soil几种常见情况的上压力Upper Pressure in Several Common Conditions黏性土应用库仑土压力公式Application of Coulomb Earth Pressure Formula to Clay Soil填土表而作用均布荷载Uniform load acting on filling surface墙后填土分层Bac

54、kfill Layering behind Wall填土中有地下水There is groundwater in the fill挡土墙设计retaining wall挡土墙型式的选择Selection of Retaining Wall Type挡土墙初定尺寸Initial dimension of retaining wall挡土墙的稳定性验算Stability Checking of Retaining Wall墙后回填土的选择.Selection of backfill behind wall.墙后排水措施Drainage measures behind walls土坡稳定分析Stability Ana