外研版必修三个单元重难点解析

1、精选优质文档倾情为你奉上精选优质文档倾情为你奉上专心专注专业专心专注专业精选优质文档倾情为你奉上专心专注专业Module 1 Europe 重难点1. across prep. / adv. (1) 从一边到另一边；横过；穿过 e.g. they walked straight across the road and to the gallery. (2) 再对面 e.g. The director lives across the street. (3) 宽 e.g. The giant poster is ten meters long and five meters across.辨析：

2、across through over by 练习：The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, the deserts, the mountains, the valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.2. face v./ n. (1) vt. 面向；面朝；面对，面临 be faced with 面对，面临 【注意】不表示被动，而是表示主语的一种状态 e.g. The village faces a range of mountains. Faced with these pressures, you

3、 can watch a comedy to relax. The architect is facing the biggest challenge of his career. They were faced with an awful task of going across the desert. (2) n. 脸；面部表情 e.g. The boy made a face at the funny sculpture. 固定搭配： in the face of lose face make a face at sb. face to face on the face of it 从表

4、面上看【注意】face 为及物动词，用作非谓语动词时，有两种形式 facing + n./ pron. faced with + n. / pron. 3. range n./ v. (1) n. 山脉；范围；一系列 搭配：in/ within range of 在的范围内 out of / beyond range of 超出的范围 a (wide) range of 一系列的；各种各样的 e.g. The masterpiece is beyond my range of knowledge. students from a wide range of backgrounds. (2) v

5、. 在某范围内变化；包括（各种不同的人或物） 搭配：range from A to B 在A到B之间变化；包括从A到B之间的各种事物 range between A and B 在A到B之间变化 range in age/ size / price from A to B 年龄/尺寸/价格在A到B之间变动 e.g. He has a number of different jobs, ranging from sailor to actor. The boots range in price from $25 to $200. People waiting in long queues ran

6、ge from elderly couples married for many years to newlyweds.4. situated adj. = located 坐落（某地）的；位于（某地）的 搭配：be situated in/ on/ at / near 位于附近；坐落在附近 e.g. My bedroom was situated on the top floor of the house. a farm situated in the valley I saw the landmark situated at the mouth of the river.【注意】形容词化的

7、过去分词（短语）可以做定语、状语、表语和补语。在通常情况下，这类过去分词与其逻辑主语之间弱化了被动含义，而侧重于主语存在的某种状态。常见的有： located, dressed in, lost, seated, faced with, hidden, married, interested, surprised 等5. symbol n. 象征；符号 搭配： symbol of sth. 的象征 symbol for sth. 符号 e.g. What is the chemical symbol for copper? 6. opposite prep. adj. adv. n. (1)

8、prep. 在对面 e.g. The actress sitting opposite us looked familiar. (2) adj. 对面的；相反的；迥然不同的 be opposite to e.g. a poster on the opposite wall walk in the opposite direction The two heads opinions are opposite to each other. (3) adv. 在对面 e.g. The architect lives just opposite. (4) n. c 相反的人；对立物 【注】 opposi

9、tion U 反对；反抗 e.g. Hot and cold are opposites.7. sign n. / v. (1) vt. / vi. 签名；署名；签字；签署；示意；打手势 sign to sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 e.g. My mother signed to me to try on the boots. Sign (your name) here, please. 固定搭配： sign for sth. 签收某物 sign in/ out 签到/ 签退 sign up (for sth.) 报名（参加某课程或活动等） sign with . 和签约 (

10、2) n. 标记，指示牌，符号，迹象，征兆，示意动作，手势 固定搭配：there are signs of 有的迹象 show signs of 表现出样子 give/ make a sign to sb. to do sth. e.g. The architect shows no sign of being interested. The manager gave/ made a sign to me to sit opposite him.【辨析】sign: “标牌；迹象”，指人们公认的事物的记号，标志，也可指某事发生或某事属 实或存在的迹象。 signal: “信号”，指为某一目的而有

11、意发出的信号、暗号 symbol: “象征，符号”，指有象征意义的或表达某种含义的特殊事物，或指某一特性 或思想代表或代表性的任务 mark: “标识；标记”，既可指为方便辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或 有别于其他事物的特征。练习：1. Make a at the bottom of the page. 2. The on the wall said Now wash your hands. 3. A dove is the of peace while a dark cloud is a of rain. 4. A red light is a of danger.8. agre

12、ement n. C 协定，协议，契约 U （意见）一致；同意 固定搭配： sign an agreement 签订协议 come to / reach an agreement with 与达成协议 be in agreement 意见一致e.g. They reached an agreement on how to protect the birthplace of the ancient civilisation. Are we in agreement about the new project? 句子分析1. It is said that this region is the b

13、irthplace of ancient civilisation. The gallery is located opposite the parliament building, facing the sea. It is known as the landmark and a symbol of modern civilisation in this region, the architect tells one of the representatives. He is designing a new project at the moment. Its a large sculptu

14、re. Hes thinking about whereabouts it will be built.2. The two heads of Italy and Portugal have signed an agreement to build a bridge together. Because of geographical features of this region, the bridge should be situated across the ranges of this region. It will look like a boot. In terms of the a

15、greement, the bridge should be built little by little and completed in five years. But it has been ten years ever since the bridge began to be built.Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries 重难点1. income n. U,C 收入 e.g. The amount of someones income is never discussed among friends in Western count

16、ries. We have an income of over $100,000 a year. 固定搭配：a high/ large income 高收入 a low / small income 低收入 the average income 平均收入 people on high / low incomes 高/低收入的人辨析：income: “收入；收益”。通常指一个人工作、投资等所得的钱，不仅限于工资。 salary: “薪金；工资”。通常指教师、经理、医生等职业人士的月薪。按月或年给付 的工资。 wage(s): “工资”。尤指店员或工人每周领取的工资、工钱。计时或按周给付的工资。

17、pay: “报酬；工资”指各类薪酬。练习：1. Have you got other apart from your ? 2. The average weekly is $350. 3. Shes earning a good as an interpreter.2. development n. 发展 固定搭配: with the development of 随着的发展 e.g. Working at home, which one could hardly imagine, has been made possible with the development of computer

18、technology.拓展：developed: adj. （国家）发达的；（感觉、系统等）成熟的，先进的 developing adj. （国家）发展中的；生长的；变化的 develop v. （使）成长；（使）发展；（疾病）开始侵袭；（问题、故障）产出，出现； 冲洗（胶片） e.g. The space agency says a problem has developed with an experiment aboard the space shuttle. I had the film developed yesterday.3. measure vt. link v. n. (1)

19、 vt. 量；测量；估量；衡量 e.g. Education shouldnt be measured purely by examination results. 固定搭配：measure sb. for sth. 给某人量（衣服）尺寸 measure sth. by sth. 用衡量 e.g. She was being measured for the wedding dress by them. Poverty and wealth shouldnt be measured only by income. (2) link v. （长度、数量等）量度为 【后接量的结果，不用于被动语态和

20、进行时态】 e.g. The big sculpture measures about 12 feet by 36 feet. (3) n. 度量单位，计量标准；措施，办法 【当措施讲时，常用于复数形式】 固定搭配：made to measure 量身定做 take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施做某事 in full measure 全部地；最大限度地 in large / some / equal measure 在很大/某种/同等程度上 e.g. a dress made to measure Measures are being taken to reduce c

21、rime in the city. Ganzhou, a city in southern Jiangxi, has also taken measures to solve the problem of soil and water erosion, which worsens poverty levels.4. position n. (1) C 位置 U适当的位置 固定搭配： in/ out of position 在/不在适当的位置 e.g. This region has a good geographical position. All parking signs have bee

22、n placed in position. (2) C,U （坐、立的）姿态；姿势 e.g. Life in a comfortable position sitting/ kneeling/ standing/ lying position (3) C 处境，状况 固定搭配：put sb. in a good/ an awkward position 使某人处于有利/尴尬的境地 e.g. Im sorry if I put you in an awkward position.(4) C 职位，职务 She took up her position as head in the depart

23、ment.(5) C,U 地位，等级，身份 e.g. the position of women in society (6) C 立场，态度 e.g. Whats your position on that project?【注意】当position, situation, point, case, stage等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用where引导5. educate vt. 教育；训练 固定搭配：educate sb. about/ in/ on sth. 教育某人关于某事 e.g. She was educated in the US.He wa

24、s educated at Stanford University.The campaign is intended to educate the public to care about low-income groups a campaign to educate teenagers about HIV【辨析】educate:强调教育目的以及培养结果，也涉及人生观和学识方面 teach：只强调教给学生知识 练习：Some schools , but fail to their students. The government is taking measures to offer the

25、disabled children the chances of (educate)6. figure n. v. (1) n. 数字；人物；人影；塑像；身材；图形 e.g. employment/ sales/ trade figures a four figure number a leading/ key/ central/ political figure Every woman wants a slim figure these days, particularly here in Canada.(2) v. 计算；认为；以为 e.g. I figured that if I too

26、k the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning. My feelings about the matter didnt seem to figure at all. 固定搭配： figure out 弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白 figure on sth. 预料到某事；计划/打算某事 e.g. VR is a new platform and people are still trying to figure out how to utilize it. She was younger than any of us had figured o

27、n.练习：1. Tsinghua University is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 2. By 2016, this figure had risen to 14 million. 3. Last night he saw two dark figures enter the building.7. similarity n. U,C 相似之处，相似，类似 固定搭配： have similarities to/ with in 与在某方面有相似之处 e.g. The comedy has many similarities

28、 to that one in plot. There are some similarities between the two households. 【拓展】 be similar to be similar in be the same as be different from 8. transport n. v. (1) n. U 运输；运送；交通工具；交通运输系统 e.g. The transport of goods by freeway is very convenient. Bicycles are a cheap and efficient form/ means of t

29、ransport. (2) vt. 运输，运送 固定搭配：transport sb./ sth. (from)to 把某人/ 某物（从）运送到 e.g. Fresh produce in this region was transported to the supermarket.【注意】transport 作“交通”讲时，指的是交通工具； traffic 作“交通”讲时，指的是路上的行人、车辆，着重指数量的多少。所以“交通拥挤、交通中断”中的“交通”都用traffic。9. exchange n. vt (1) n. C,U 交换；交流；调换；兑换 固定搭配：in exchange for

30、作为的交换 e.g. Would you like my watercolor in exchange for your landscape? an exchange of ideas/ information trade and cultural exchanges with China (2) vt. 交换；交流；调换；兑换 固定搭配：exchange for 以换取 Exchange with sb. 和某人交换 e.g. She exchanged the blue boots for red ones. Exchange words/ looks with sb. 与某人交谈/对视

31、Exchange ideas/ information 交流想法/ 信息句子分析：1. With the development of science and technology, the income of every household is increasing. One the one hand, people have got rid of poverty and hunger; one the other hand, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened. Some people are living at the b

32、ottom of society, which is connected with the gap between urban and rural areas. The specific figure is difficult to measure, but it could be close to seventy million. Still some people are homeless, and they are assisted by the charity. The government is making efforts to help them get out of troub

33、le.2. Humans are making trouble for themselves. A large amount of transport causes freeways to be crowed, a lot of industrial waste makes the inhabitants suffer from pollution, and too much tourism gets the locations of tourist attractions polluted. Besides, a vast area of sea water is made harmful

34、to the fish. It is unfortunate that humans are not smart enough to deal with these problems. We wonder what the similarity between humans and animals is. People should be educated to protect the environment. Module 3 The Violence of Nature 重难点1. flood v. n. (1) v. （使）淹没 e.g. The river burst its bank

35、s and flooded the valley. (2) v. 大量涌入；（感觉或回忆）涌上心头，涌现 e.g. Telephone calls came flooding in from the local inhabitants. Memories of my time in Paris flooded back. (3) n. C,U 洪水，水灾； C 大量 e.g. The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country. a flood of refugees2. experience vt. n. (1) vt.

36、 经历；体验 e.g. experience problems/ difficulties Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them. (2) n. C 经历；体验 e.g. an enjoyable/ exciting/ unusual/ unforgettable experience childhood experiences (3) n. U 经验 固定搭配：gain/ get experience 获得经验 have experience in 在某方面有经验 learn

37、 from/ by experience 从经验中学到 in ones experience 据某人的经验看 e.g. He gained valuable experience while working on the project.Does she have much experience in governing?【拓展】 experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的 be experienced in 在方面有经验3. cause vt. n. (1) vt. 引起；导致= lead to = result in = bring out 固定搭配：cause sb to do

38、sth. 导致某人做某事 cause sb. trouble/ problems 给某人带来麻烦/ 问题 e.g. His low income caused the whole household to go hungry. The project is still causing him a lot of trouble. (2) n. C原因；起因； U 理由，缘故 固定搭配：cause and effect 因果关系 the cause of 的起因 e.g. The scientist says the study does no prove cause and effect bet

39、ween drinking coffee and living longer.Unemployment is a major cause of poverty. There is no cause for concern.【辨析】cause: 指某事发生的原因，常与of 连用。 Reason：指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释，常与for连用。 Excuse：指为自己的行为所作出的辩护、借口、理由，常与for连用练习：1. Whats your for being late this time? 2. Alcohol is the most common of road accident.

40、3. She gave no for her decision.4. bury vt. 埋葬；埋藏；掩藏 固定搭配： bury ones face/ head in sth. 把脸/ 头埋在某物里面 be buried in = bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于 be buried in thought 沉思e.g. He was buried in Taiwan.She buried her face in her hands and began to sob. Since she left, hes buried himself in his work.【拓展】专心于, 专注

41、于，专心致志于： be absorbed in, be devoted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on, be engaged in 5. occur vi. 发生；（主意或想法）浮现于脑中，被想到；存在；出现 固定搭配：It occur to sb. that 某人想到 It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到做某事 Sth. occurs to sb. （主意或想法）被想到 Occur in/ among 存在于；出现在 e.g. Floods occur more often than any other natu

42、ral disaster.It didnt occur to him that the thunderstorm would cause so much damage.An idea of developing tourism in the mountainous region has occurred to me.6. strike v. n. (1) vt. vi. （灾难或疾病）侵袭，爆发；（钟）敲响；划（火柴） e.g. Two days later disaster struck. The clock has just truck twelve. Strike a match (2)

43、 vt. 打；击；撞击；（想法或主意）突然想到；打动，迷住 固定搭配：It strikes sb. that = It occurs to sb. that 某人突然想到 e.g. She struck him in the face. Jimmy fell and struck his head on the edge of the table.It suddenly truck me that we ought to make a new plan.The tourists were truck by the beauty of mountain ranges. (3) vi. n. 罢工

44、 固定搭配：be on strike 在罢工 Go on strike/ come out on strike 举行罢工 Strike for sth. 为了某事而罢工 e.g. The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. Half the workforce are on strike now.7. ruin vt. n. (1) vt. 毁坏；毁掉；糟蹋；使破产；毁灭 e.g. The violent earthquake has ruined the households life. That mistake ruine

45、d his chance of getting the job. If she loses the court case, it will ruin her. (2) n. C （又作runis）废墟；残垣断壁； U 毁坏；毁灭 固定搭配：be/ lie in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪；崩溃；垮掉 go to ruin/ fall into ruin 衰落；败落 e.g. The economy was in ruins after the war.The cemetery has fallen into ruin and needs repairing. 8. previous adj

46、. 以前的；先前的 固定搭配：previous to 在之前e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job. Previous to leaving for the disaster area, he studied a lot about its geographical feature.【辨析】previous: 指的是按时间和次序在某事“之前的” Former: 指“从前的”，而不是现在的e.g. He arrived on the previous night. She is my former landlady.9. pos

47、sibility n. C,U 可能；可能性 固定搭配： possibility of (doing) sth. 做某事的可能性 There is a/ no/ little possibility that 有可能/没可能/ 不大可能e.g. Is there any possibility of achieving our goal in such a short time? There is a possibility that the volcano might erupt in two weeks.10. warning n. 警告 warn v. 提醒，警告固定搭配：warn sb

48、. of/ about sth. 提醒某人某事 Warn sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒某人（不要）做某事 Warn sb. against doing sth. 提醒某人不要做某事 Warn sb. that 提醒某人 e.g. She has been warned of the danger of lightning in the open. They were warned not to go to the earthquake-stricken area then. He warned us against chasing and playing on the fre

49、eway. He warned us that the volcano was erupting.11. active adj. 积极的；活跃的固定搭配：be active in 在方面积极 Take an active part in 积极参与e.g. Volunteers are active in helping the homeless after the flood.On the one hand, she makes efforts to study; on the other hand, she takes an active part in school activities.

50、12. damage n. vt. (1) n. U 损害；损坏；损伤 固定搭配： do/ cause damage to 对造成损害e.g. The thunderstorm didnt do much damage. The terrifying earthquake caused sever damage to a lot of buildings. (2) vt. 损害；损坏；损伤 e.g. Smoking severely damaged his health.Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake.句子分析1. Nowada

51、ys, natural disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms and earthquakes, often occur. They are terrifying and worldwide. The most dangerous of them is the volcanic eruption. It causes great damage to peoples lives and property. An active volcano can erupt at any time. Its lava an

52、d ashes will ruin buildings and even bury villages. Fortunately, these disasters can be predicted, and people will receive a warning beforehand.2. Some people experienced on previous tornado, which was formed from tropical air near the equator. It looked like a huge rotating column and caused violen

53、t waves and sea current. Sadly, it struck some towns and villages, picked up household things like furniture, fur and feathers. A violent tornado could even pick up our houses, and end up ruining almost everything. Another time, lightening took place near a big house, and set fire to it. That means

54、the house caught fire. Luckily, some villagers came in time to put out the fire. The house owner said thankfully and hopefully,” Thanks to the great help of the villagers. I must repay them.” In the recent five years, there have been fifteen lightning fires in all in this region, and three times a y

55、ear on average.Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia 重难点1. frightening adj. 吓人的；可怕的 e.g. It is frightening to be caught in a sandstorm. 【拓展】fright n. frighten vt. frightening adj. frightened adj.固定搭配：be frightened of (doing) sth. be frightened to death 被吓得要死 be frightened by 被吓到 frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死2

56、. mass adj. n. (1) adj. 大量的；大规模的 e.g. the problem of mass unemployment 大规模失业问题 a mass protest weapons of mass destruction Their latest product is aimed at the mass market. (2) n. 团，块，堆，大量，许多 固定搭配：a mass of / masses of 大量；许多 【注意】作主语时，谓语动词取决于of后面的名词 the mass of 中的大多数 the masses 群众 e.g. The sky was ful

57、l of dark masses of clouds. Ive got masses of work to do . The reforms are supported by the mass of the population.3. process n. C 进程；过程 vt. 加工；处理固定搭配：in the process of (doing) sth. 在做某事的过程中 In the process 同时，在过程中e.g. a slow/ long/ painful process We are in the process of selling our old furniture.

58、I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process. Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.4. forecast vt. 预测，预报 n. U 预测，预报e.g. Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy.Thunderstorm is forecast for tomorrow.The report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month.【辨析】f

59、orecast: 借助某种信息或知识对将来可能发生的事情进行预测、预报。 Predict: 经过分析判断或根据经验预言将要发生某事e.g. Rain are forecast for the weekend.Its hard to predict when it will happen.【拓展】fore- 前缀通常表示两种含义：前部的；预见的 head forehead arm forearm leg foreleg sight foresight tell foretell see foresee 5. strength n. U 力量，力气，强度 C长处，优势，优点e.g. She did

60、nt even have the strength to stand up.Im trying to build up my strength. 增强体力Jenny hit him with all her strength.The strength of a ropeStrength and weakness 优点和缺点【辨析】strength：力气；力量；强度 Force：武力，暴力，威力 Energy： 精力，能量 Power： 权力，职权，动力e.g. He lifted the rock with all his . Congress has to make laws. Peace