河北衡水高三英语新高考语法学习笔记（25）完成时态知识点概要公开课

1、淅水第一中图Henasln NOA High fchwl河北衡水高三英语新高考语法学习笔记(25)完成时态知识点概要完成时态第一节现在完成时(have/has done)39现在完成时用法(一)：延续到现在的动作或状态现在完成时表示开始于过去的某一动作一直持续到现在，而且还可 能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。I have lived here for 3 years.到说话这一时刻，我仍住在这里，而且还可能继续住下去。r ve worked in this company since I left school.我毕业以后就一直在这家公司上班。或者，上下文明确告知，开始于过去的动作只

2、持续到说话时刻为止。一Have you waited long?r ve waited for three hours.(见到了要等的人，所以wait动作就此结束。)r ve waited for him all day; I don t want to wait any longer.He lived in Beijing for 3 years and then emigrated to America.（曾经住过，但现在已搬走了。）He has been in the army for 6 years.（他入伍已有六年。）He was in the army for 6 years.（他

3、当过六年的兵，现在不是了。）I have smoked for 2 years.（我已有两年的烟龄了，可能还要继续吸。）I smoked for 2 years.（我抽过两年的烟，但现在戒了。）现在完成时的特点：1)谓语动词一般为延续性动词。2)动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可能继 续持续下去。3 )这种用法的现在完成时态常与表示一段时间”的时间状语连用, 以说明某个动作或状态持续了多久。40与现在完成时搭配的时间状语since +时间点r ve worked in this company since I left school.(2 ) for +时间段r ve wor

4、ked in this company for three years.(3 )表示到目前为止.until nowup until nowup to nowup till now so far We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations.到目前为止，我们尚未采取任何行动来确定一门国际通用语言，以促 进国家间的交流。(4 )表示最近几世纪/年/月以来 for the past few ye

5、ars over the past few years during the last three months for the last few centuries through centuries throughout historyThroughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death.自古以来，人类就必须接受这样的事实：一切生命体最终都会消亡, 因为生命的本质包含了死亡。41现在完成时用法(

6、二)：发生在过去但与现在仍有联系的动作或 状态表示在不确定的过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响。谓语动词一 般为短暂性动词。He has broken his leg.他跌断了腿。（言外之意是：Now he is still in hospital, so he can t go for an outing with his classmates. 他现在还在住院，所以不能和同学们一起去郊游。）He broke his leg.他腿摔断过。（单纯表示一种过去的经历，但现 在腿已经好了。）You should have put the milk into icebox; I expect it u

7、ndrinkable by now.A.becameB.had becomeC.has become0.becomes正确答案：C句意：你本该把牛奶放在冰箱里的，我想现在这牛奶已经不能喝 了。牛奶变质是过去某一时刻的动作，但其对现在有影响，即 现在牛奶已经不能喝了。42现在完成时在表示发生在过去但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态时 的使用技巧(1)这种完成时态的肯定句不与表示一段时间的状语连用这种完成时态中，由于谓语动词通常是短暂性动词，即动作在短时间 或瞬间内即已终止，不再延续。常见的这类动词有：come go leave kill die lose buy start give marry jo

8、in bring因此与它连用不能是指一段时间”的时间状语。比方以下句子都是 典型的错误句子：I have heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.*I have bought this pair of shoes for a year.*He has left his hometown for 3 years.*可改为：It s been 3 years since he left his hometown.He hasn t come back since he left his hometown 3 years ago.He has

9、 been away from his hometown for 3 years.含有短暂性动词的完成时句子假设用否认式，表示尚未发生的事情，那么 可视作一种状态的延续，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。I haven t seen a film for weeks .I haven t heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.I haven1 t bought a pair of shoes for a year.(2)与不确定时间的时间状语连用这种现在完成时态可以不与任何时间状语连用，也可以与一些表示不确定时间的时间状语连用。比方：a

10、lready已经;yet只用在疑问句或者否认句中，谈论尚未发 生的事情；lately最近;often经常；just刚才;never从不Would you like something to eat?No, thanks. T ve just had dinner.(刚吃过饭,现在不饿)Has it stopped raining yet?雨停了吗?He hasnz t arrived yet.他还没到。I have often thought that it would be perfect if we could fly without any aid.我时常在想，如果我们能够单独飞翔该多好

11、啊。(3)用来宣布刚刚发生的事这种现在完成时经常用来表示最近才发生的动作，提供最新消息，因而具有新闻性质。The President has been assassinated.总统被暗杀了。这种现在完成时态强调的是事件的内容，而不是事件发生的具体时间。 因而，在实际生活对话中，通常用现在完成时开始问答，随着对话的 继续，动作发生的过去时间在说话人的脑子里已经确定了。所以，继 续讨论时那么用一般过去时态。Have you seen the film Forrest Gump?（询问现在对电影阿 甘正传的内容是否了解）Yes, I have.（现在知道电影内容）When did you see

12、it?（询问看电影的过去具体时间）I saw it last spring.（给出具体时间）Did you see it alone?（询问当时情况）No, I saw it with my boyfriend.（提供过去事实）43现在完成时用法（三）：到截至目前的一个时间段内重复发生的动作For more than eighty years, scientists have argued over whether life exists on the planet Mars.八十多年来，科学家们一直就火星上是否有生命存在这一问题争论不 休。I have made many new frien

13、ds since I came to Beijing.44其他需要使用现在完成时的结构(1) This/That/It is+序数词+名词+ that+现在完成时It is the third time that F ve come to Beijing.This is the tenth cup of coffee that r ve drunk this evening.(2 ) This/That/It is +最高级/ 0nly修饰的名词+现在完成时This is the most interesting movie that I ve ever seen.It is the wors

14、t book I have ever read.This is the only book he has written.假设是It was the second/best./ , that后边的句子那么用过去完成 时态。It was the fifth time that someone had knocked at my door that night.现在完成时总是与现在有着密切的联系：或表示到现在为止这一段时间”一直在延续或重复发生的动作或状态；或是表示影响现状的事件。45现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比拟当我们强调过去的事情对现在仍有意义或仍产生影响时才用现在完成时I haven t seen him this morning.I didnr