lesson+9国际商务英语课件

1、INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENGLISHLesson 9 Modes of Trade第1页，共20页。LEARNING OBJECTIVES了解各种不同贸易方式熟悉对销贸易的起源与发展当今对销贸易的三种形式对销贸易的好处与缺陷第2页，共20页。LANGUAGE FOCUSOrigin and development of counter trade Current counter trade A. barter B. counter purchase C. buyback D. features common to the three forms of counter t

2、rade 第3页，共20页。LANGUAGE FOCUSMajor advantages of counter trade A. helping to deal with foreign exchange shortage B. promoting export C. reducing uncertainty regarding export receiptsD. bypassing international price agreement E. helping countries with debt problems to import goods The drawbacks of cou

3、nter trade第4页，共20页。QUESTIONSPara. 2What is counter trade? Why has it attracted so much attention?第5页，共20页。COUNTER TRADECounter trade对销贸易 is the generic term to describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a sellers exports to imports from the buyer, and it is often associated with policy objec

4、tives of relevant economies like dealing with foreign exchange shortages and promotion of exports.第6页，共20页。QUESTIONSPara. 3How did counter trade originate? And what was the nature of early counter trade?Why should Britain use bilateral clearing arrangements after World War II?第7页，共20页。QUESTIONSHow d

5、id counter trade originate? And what was the nature of early counter trade?Following German hyperinflation, competitive devaluations and protectionism meant a global collapse in trade and in international financial and banking markets, then the counter trade originate. The nature of early counter tr

6、ade is counter trade partners are necessarily familiar partners and goods exchanged are sometimes vertically related第8页，共20页。QUESTIONSWhen should Britain use bilateral clearing arrangements after World War II?During and after World War II, when financial markets were in disarray, Britain used bilate

7、ral arrangements第9页，共20页。QUESTIONSPara. 4What are the main features of the current counter trade? Can you summarize the categories briefly under current counter trade?Current counter trade partners are not necessarily familiar partners and goods exchanged are sometimes vertically related. Current co

8、unter trade can be categorized as follows: Barter, Counter purchase, Buyback.第10页，共20页。PARA.5-7current counter trade: Barter易货贸易：The direct exchange of goods and services which is completed in a short period of time. Counter purchase互购贸易 : The assumption by an exporter (of a transferable obligation)

9、 through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment (goods and services from the importer or importing country). In essence, counter purchase is an intertemporal direct exchange of goods and services.Buyback回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back

10、in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment第11页，共20页。PARA. 7What are the major differences between counter purchase and buyback?A: The important difference between counter purchase and buyback is that in buyback the goods and services taken back are tied to th

11、e original goods exported whereas that is not the case in counter purchase. Another important difference is that a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time (as long as 15 to 20 years) than a counter purchase deal. 第12页，共20页。PARA. 8The features common to the three forms of counter

12、trade is bundling: the exchanges of goods and services are bundled together(the exchanges are implemented either concurrently or intertemporally )第13页，共20页。BUSINESS KNOWLEDGEIt can be said to generally take place between mature market economies and economies with a less sophisticated market system.T

13、he advantages of counter trade are:It helps a country to deal with foreign exchange shortages. It can be used to promote exports.It can be used to reduce uncertainty regarding export receipts.It is used to bypass an international price agreement.It may help those nation, with serious debt problems t

14、o continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors. However, counter trade can be very risky business. 第14页，共20页。BUSINESS KNOWLEDGEThe disadvantages of counter trade are. Firstly, by concealing the real prices and costs of transactions it may conceal and help perp

15、etuate economic inefficiencies in the market place. Secondly, companies may suffer losses because they could not get rid of products of poor quality. Finally, it may be considered as a form of protectionism.第15页，共20页。TRADE TERMhyperinflation极度通货膨胀:inflation at a extremely high rate cross-border cont

16、ract跨国界合同: a contract made between companies in different tectionism贸易保护主义: the advocacy, system, or theory of protecting domestic producers by impeding or limiting, as by tariffs or quotas, the importation of foreign goods and services. 第16页，共20页。TRADE TERMfinancial market金融市场money mar

17、ket货币市场discount market贴现市场capital market/securities market or stock exchange有价证券或证券交易所foreign exchange market外汇市场gold market黄金市场.clearing system票据交换制度，清算制度: an arrangement among governments, in which sales and purchases are registered with the clearing house for settlement at the end of the accounti

18、ng period by offsetting claims against one another.第17页，共20页。TRADE TERMnet positions净头寸，实际头寸trade credit account贸易信贷往来账户vertical纵向联合的，垂直合并的包括从生产到销售全部过程的relating to or involving all stages from production to sale.vertical integration:包括从生产到销售各个阶段的纵向联合第18页，共20页。TRADE TERMcompetitive devaluation竞争性贬值:it refers to the practice by a government of selling its national money below its real value so as to make domestic products appear cheaper to foreign buy