雅思大作文流程题课件

1、流程图Vs图表题流程图图表题信息文字数据手法描述比较全面性所有信息主要数据时态一般现在时以一般过去时为主分段较为灵活4-5段段落连接的说法首阶段The process starts fromAt the first/initial stage,At the beginning of the circle,During the initial phrase,The beginning of the whole circle is marked by is the first step in段落连接的说法次阶段The second stage isThe next process is末阶段is

2、the last step in the procedure.The final phrase in the procedure is aboutIn the final phrase,Entering the final phrase,is the final stage.流程图常用词汇：时间阶段： after a period of .months/days/minutes, during顺序连词： first, first of all, in the first stage, initially, to begin with Second, then, next, also After

3、 that, at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhile Prior to, untilthe first stage involves / in the second stage / in the third stage /in the last stage/The next step in the stage is that.目的连词： in order to / in order that; so as to / so that常见动词： Produce生产, lay放置, put, accumulate积 累 gather / collec

4、t / 收集obtain获 得, Heat up加热expand膨胀bend弯 曲turn off关闭cool down冷却disconnect断 开连接spin旋转, 纺, strike打 击,Compress压缩, release释放, expand膨胀move, flow流 动, accelerate加速, form形成, Press按 压, adjust调整, absorb吸收, form形成, process加 工, Rotate旋转, chop坎, grind磨(碎), 碾(碎), Light点燃, burn燃烧, ignite点燃, Reflect 反光， turn 转，star

5、ts开始stops结束records录 音turns up调高turns down调低，winds缠 绕unwinds解开revolves旋转(spin, rotate)fold折迭unfold打 开reverse颠倒，倒转Adapt 适应 adjust 调整 alter 改变cure 治愈 disappear消 失dissolve溶化,解散exchange 交换expand扩张, 膨胀 fade 退色increase增长promote促进, 升职reduce 减少renew使更新,使 恢复renovate革新,更新,修 复replace取代swell肿胀 switch改 变 transfor

6、m.完全改变 vary改变shrink 收缩, melt溶解form/come into being/take shape 形成produce 生产 /gain /get/ acquire 获取 evaporate 蒸发/draw 提取/ recycle 回收/ extract 拔/ absorb 吸收 /collect/ 收集 meet 相遇 / be made up of/由.组成 /feed on 以.为食/depend on /rely on 依赖 /release/send out 释放/sort分类 /separate 分开 convey 运送cut into 切成 pour in

7、to 倒入 heated 加热 melt into 融化成flow into 流入You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The flowchart illustrates the production of colored plastic paper clips in a small factory.Write a report for a university tutor describing the production process.Write at least 150 words开头段1-2句, 转述原题改动原题3-4处:添加单

8、词、删除单词、替换单词、变简单句为复杂句永远用一般现在时举例原题:The flowchart illustrates the production of colored plastic paper clips in a small factory.开头段The process diagram shows the manufacture of colored plastic paper clips in a small factory.主体段There are four main stages in the production of plastic paper clips from this

9、small factory. Two of these stages involve actual preparation of the clips, while the other two consist of quality control before the clips are sent out from the factory to the retailers to be sold to the public.To begin with, molten plastic is poured into three different moulds depending on the col

10、or required; the colors are red, blue and yellow. Once these clips emerge from the moulds a quality control machine checks them for strength. Unsatisfactory clips are rejected. In the third stage in the process the clips are sorted by hand into two groups, mixed and single colors. When this process

11、is complete the groups are checked a second time to ensure that the color mixtures are divided correctly into single colors and mixed color batches. Finally, the clips are packed and dispatched to the markets.结尾段1-2句概括一下阶段数目与功能举例In summary, the manufacturing of colored plastic paper clips goes throu

12、gh 4 stages: coloring, strength check, color verification and packaging. 剑桥6 test3 p75The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm. First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry

13、leaves. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again. The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk clo

14、th. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the thread can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage. Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of

15、the silk worm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.Writing ProcessPart one example：注意改写题目，但切忌不要照抄题目。题目：The graphs below show the enrolments of overseas students and local students in Britains universities.改写成Introduction paragraph: The graphs provide information about the

16、proportions of overseas students and local students enrolled in Britains universities from 1990-2012. 改写改写改词性和位置添加新信息原题:The graph below shows the number of people at a London underground station from 6:00 to 22:00The line graph describes the fluctuation in the number of people at a London undergroun

17、d station over the course of a day. Issues Demand Attention注意的问题1. 时态tense1.1 图表数据一般是以往的数据统计，因此大部分使用过去时态比较恰当。1.2 如果图表没有以往的年度标注，则用一般现在时。1.3 少数出现的预测值，用将来时态；但避免用will（语气较肯定）；be likely to.Ex. The total US greenhouse gas emissions increased by 43% from 2000 to 2020.(误)改写：The total US greenhouse gas emissi

18、ons are predicted/expected to increase by 43% from 2000 to 2020.Issues Demand Attention2. 语言正式书面语言，强调客观和准确性。避免使用第一人称的使用，减少非正式说法。Ex. I believe that the graph showed a significant decline in the youth smoking rate.(delete)We can see that car ownership surged from just under 1 percent to nearly 3 perce

19、nt.改正:the chart shows that.Issues Demand Attention3. 同位语和分词作状语学会使用同位语和分词作状语的用法，使句子简洁、清楚。Ex. Middle-class families are those families that are earning between 20000 and 50000. Middle-class families enjoyed the greatest increase in standard of living. The increase was as high as 13 percent.改写：Middle-c

20、lass families, earning between 20000 and 50000, enjoyed the greatest increase in standard of living, a 13 percent rise.现在分词同位语Issues Demand Attention4. 语法错误Grammatical ErrorsThe weight of the service sector in GDP was dropped from 80 percent in 1990 to over 70 percent in 2009.Drop: 应用为主动语态；表示升降的单词一般

21、都是intransitive verb: increase, surge, climb, jump, leap, decrease, slide, slip, plunge， plummet（急剧下降），etc。Ex. Following the decrease for five years or more, prices were rebounded to the highest level in 2000.Rebound:变为主动语态注意：不及物动词不能用成被动语态 Issues Demand Attention4. 语法错误Grammatical ErrorsThe number of

22、 obeseubi:s （肥胖的） people in the UK dramatically increased in at least ten years.改正：increased dramaticallyThe illiteracy rate slightly dropped to 2.3%, but it was still the third highest ever recorded.注意：副词的位置： 小作文中表示上升下降的副词一般放在动词后面。如 :大幅度地:substantially, considerably；急剧地： sharply, steeply；稳步地：steadi

23、ly, 适度地：moderately, 轻微地：slightly等。Issues Demand Attention4. 语法错误Grammatical ErrorsIn the first half of 2006, the number of recorded traffic accidents in New York rose 8-fold to 2504, cost 35million dollars.错误: 出现两个谓语动词rose 和cost。改正：cost 变成现在分词，costingThere were 100000 more people work on a full-time

24、 basis in 2004 than in 1994.改正：work改成现在分词working， 作people的定语。注意：一个句子不能有两个谓语动词。Issues Demand Attention4. 语法错误Grammatical ErrorsAn average of 48000 books was printed each month, one third of which were fiction.错误: 主谓不一致；was变成wereWomen made up half the workforce, but a mere 10 percent of them was doing

25、 administrative work.改正：was变为were；谓语动词应该随“数词+percent of”后面名词或代词的数变化。The number of privately registered cars stand at just under 3 million now and is expected to increase by a third by 2010. 改正：主语是number, 谓语动词应该用单数standsIssues Demand Attention4. 语法错误Grammatical Errors其他错误：Britains poorest communities

26、 were 2.5 times likely to develop Type 2 diabetes（糖尿病） than the general population.错误: 说倍数的时候如果有than，不能忽略比较级more。改正：Britains poorest communities were 2.5 times morelikely to develop Type 2 diabetes than the general population.The secondary school enrolment rate sank considerably after an increase of 10 percent during the period from the mid-1980s and the early 199