2022年初中高中动词详细讲解同步练习及答案

1、学习好资料 欢迎下载 动词（ I ）重点知识归纳及讲解 一、概述 动词是表示动作或状态的词。句子中的谓语成分是由动词充当的，谓语通常是句中不可缺少的成分，因此 动词是英语词类中最重要的一种。动词可以通过本身的变化来表示动作发生的时间以及说话人的语气、态度等。1动词的种类动词按其词义和在句中的作用可以分为：行为动词（或称实义动词）下表：、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。详见动词分类动特征例词例句行为表示动作或状态。有完整的词义。能独立help 帮助（ vt.）He often helps me. 词作谓语。按其带不带宾语、分为及物动词I can see a bird in the tree. see

2、看见（ vt.）Planes can fly. vt./vi. （带宾语）和不及物动词（不带宾语）go 去（ vi.）fly 飞（ vi.）连系动本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和be 是He is an English teacher. 词表语一起构成谓语（名词性合成谓语）They look the same. look 看起来link v. seem似乎get 变得become 变成，成为助 动 词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实 be; have; do; will; shall He doesnt speak English. v. aux. 义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定

3、，We are playing basketball 疑问、时态、语态、语气等。Do you have a brother? 情 态 动 本身有一定词义，但不完整。不能独立作 can; many; must; need; She can speak a little 词 谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，表 dare; will; would; shall; English. mod v. 示说话人的态度 should May I come in? We must go now. 注意：1）行为动词又可分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）两种。及物动词作谓语，后面必须跟宾语意思才完整。

4、不及物动词作谓语，后面不能跟宾语，只有加上介词后才可接宾语。2）英语中有些动词常常是既作及物动词又作不及物动词；既作连系动词工作及物动词。例如：He speaks English very well. (vt.) 他英语讲得好。He spoke at the meeting. （vi.）finite verb ）和非谓语动词（non-finite verb ）两大另外，动词按其在句中能否作谓语，又可分为谓语动词（类。说明：谓语动词又称限定动词，非谓语动词又称非限定动词。非谓语动词初中阶段主要学习动词不定式的用法。2动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词和第

5、三人称单数形式。如：work worked workedworking works 。它们的构成及形式详见下表。形式构成例词动词原形不带 to 的动词不定式形式（也就是词典中一般给予的形式）be, have, do, 过去式与过去分词 （规则变1在动词原形后加-ed come work worked 化）carry carried 2以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词，先将y 变为 i 再加 -ed stop stopped3以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母再加 -ed 现在分词1在动词原形后加-ing read reading 2以不发音的e 结尾的动词，去掉e 再加 -i

6、ng write writing swim swimming 3以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的动词，先双写结尾的辅音die dying 字母再加 -ing 4少数几个以ie 结尾的动词要变ie 为 y，再加 -ing 第三人称单数形式学习好资料欢迎下载run runs 1在动词原形后加-s 2以 ch, sh, s, o, x 结尾的动词后加-es teach teaches wash washes 3以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词，先将y 变为 i，再加 -es go goes 4以元音字母 +y 结尾的动词后加-s pass passes try tries stay stays 说明：1）

7、词尾 -ed 在清辅音后读 t ；在浊辅音和元音后读d ；在 t 和d 后读 id 。2）词尾 -es或-s在s 、z 、t 、d 后面读 iz ；在清辅音后读 s；在浊辅音及元音后读 z；在 t ，d 后读ts、dz。3）不规则动词的过去式与过去分词则要根据不规则动词表逐渐记住。二、动词的时态在英语中，由于谓语动作发生的时间不同，或表达不同时间存在的状态，谓语动词都要发生相应的变化。这些动词的变化形式就叫做动词的时态。初中阶段主要学习，掌握以下八种时态。1一般现在时1）构成 动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s

8、 或-es）。另外 be 和 have 有特殊的人称变化形式。详见下表：动词 to be I am a student You are a student He (She) is a student. We (You, They) are students 动词 to have I have a pen. You have a pen. He (She) has a pen. We (You, They) have pens. 2）用法a表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, every day 等。I go to school

9、every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上学。There are fifty students in our class. 我们班上有五十个学生。b表示主语的身份或特征。His father is a doctor. 他的父亲是医生。Tom is tall. 汤姆个子高。c表示一种客观事实或普遍真理 The earth is round. 地球是圆的 . The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。d在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。If you dont go soon, youll be late. 如果你

10、不快去的话，你就要迟到了。I will wait for you until you come back. 我将一直等到你回来。2一般过去时1）构成 一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式。肯定式否定式疑问式一 般 动 词be 动词学习好资料欢迎下载I (You, He, She, We, They) worked I (You, He, She, We, Did you (I, he, she, we, they) work there? there. They) did not work there. I (He, She, It) was there. I (He, She, It) w

11、as not Was I (he, she, it) We ( You, They) were there there. there? have动We (You, They) Were you (we, they) there? were not there. I (You, He, She, We, They) had I (You, He, She, We, Had I (you, he, she, we, they) any books? 或 Did I (you, he ? )have any books? 词books. They) had not/ didnt have any b

12、ooks 2）用法a表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when I was at middle school 等。He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。She wasnt at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。Did you finish your work at four yes

13、terday afternoon? 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？b表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得很早。Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. 玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。3一般将来时1）构成动词一般将来时由助动词 shall 或 will 加动词原形构成。shall 用于第一人称作主语，will 用于第二、三人称作主语。 除英国以外的

14、说英语的国家，在陈述句中， 即使在第一人称作主语时一般也使用助动词 will ，在英国现在也有这种趋势。在口语中， shall，will 常缩写成 I ll Youll, Well等。在否定句中， will not 缩写成 wont shall not缩写成 shant。肯定式否定式疑问式I (We) shall / will go there I (We ) shall / will not go there Shall I (we) go there? You (He, She, They) will go there You (He, She, They) will not go the

15、re Will you (he, she, they) go there? 2）用法a表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days 等。Ill go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。He wont go there tomorrow morning. 他明天上午不到那儿去。Will you do it again? 你再做一遍好吗？b有时没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。I dont know who will do it. 我不

16、知道谁将做这件事。Dont worry, he will be there on time. 别着急，他会准时在那儿。c表示将来经常发生的动作。From now on Ill get up early every morning. 从今以后，我每天早晨早起。注意：1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，除了用上述的一般将来时外，还可以用 be going to 来表示。 be going to 这个结构表示：a即将发生的动作；b主语打算或准备要做的事；的事。 be going to 结构中的 be 随着句子中主语的人称而变化。例如：c说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生学习好资料 欢迎下载We are

17、 going to learn English. 我们将学习英语。How are you going to spend your holidays? 你们打算怎样度过假期？Look at these black clouds. I think its going to rain. 看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。例如：He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空时会来看你的。They will ring you up as soon as they get back. 他们一回来就打电话

18、给你。4现在进行时1）构成现在进行时由助动词 be 的人称形式加动词的现在分词构成。它的肯定式，否定式及疑问式的结构如下：肯定式 否定式 疑问式I am working now. I am not working now. Am I working now? You are working now. You are not working now. Are you working now? He (She) is working now. He (She) is not working now. Is (he, she) working now? We (You, They) are work

19、ing now. We (You, They) are not working now. Are you (we, they) working now? 2）用法a现在进行时表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我们现在正在帮助他。b在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。The students are working on the farm there days. 这些天学生们正在农场劳动。c有些动词的进行时态还可用来表示将来时。这类动词有 He

20、 is coming soon. 他不久就要来了。Mary is arriving here at 4 o/clock this afternoon. 玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。注意：go, come, leave, arrive, move, die 等。1）表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think 等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。例如：Stop, I am thinking. 停下来，我正在想问题呢。2）无法延续动作的动词，如：jump

21、, begin, start, stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。例如：He is jumping up and down. 他一下一下地跳个不停。5现在完成时1）构成 现在完成时由肯定式have 的人称形式加动词的过去分词构成。它的肯定式、否定式及疑问式如下：否定式疑问式I (We, You, They ) have done it. He (She) has done it. 学习好资料欢迎下载I (We, You, They) have not done it. Have you (they, I , we) done it? He (S

22、he) has not done it. Has he (she) done it? 2）用法a表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在仍有影响。She has been ill for three days. 她病了三天了。He has already left. 他已经走了。b表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。Weve known each other since we were children. 我们从小就认识。注意：在用 already, always, yet, just, ever, never 等副词作状语时， 或者由 for, since 引起的短语作状

23、语或状语从句时，句子的谓语动词常用现在完成时。区别：1） have (has) been to 与 have (has) gone to have (has) been to +某地，表示到过某地，说明去过某地，说话时已经回来了。have (has) gone to +某地，说明去某地了，说话时还没有回来。例如：He has been to Beijing three times. 他去过北京三次。He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。2） have (has) been to do sth. 还可以表示做过某事。例如：He has been to see Tom in

24、 the hospital. 他去医院看过汤姆。He has gone to see Tom in the hospital. 他到医院看汤姆去了。have (has) gone to do sth.则表示去做某事了。3） have got 虽然在形式上是现在完成时，却和 例如：have 是相同的意思。Have you got any book?=Do you have any book? 你有书吗？6过去进行时1）构成 过去进行时由be 动词的过去式加动词的现在分词构成。2）用法过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时常与表示过去的时间状语如： then at

25、that time, once, a moment ago 等连用，或者用另一动作表示过去的时间。例如：I was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. 我昨晚七点在家写信。He was watching TV when I came home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上回家时，他在家看电视。7过去完成时1）构成过去完成时由助动词 had 加动词的过去分词构成。2）用法过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前或过去某一动作以前已完成的动作，即过去的过去。为了更容易理解过去完成时的时间概念，使之与过去时有明显的区别，可

26、见下面的时间示意图。例如：I had learned eight hundred English words by the end of last year. （在过去某一时间之前）到去年年底之前，我已经学会了八百个英语单词。He had finished his work before I came here. （在过去另一动作之前）在我来这儿以前，他已经完成了工作。说明：学习好资料 欢迎下载 1）在包含 when, as soon as, before, after, until 等连词的复合句中，若主句谓语和从句谓语所表示的过去的动 作是在不同时间发生的，那么，先发生的动作用过去完成时，

27、后发生的动作用一般过去时。例如：I told them after you had left. 你走后我就告诉了他们。I had been at the bus stop for twenty minutes when a bus finally came. 我在公共汽车站等了二十分钟，汽车终于来了。2）如果主句动作和从句动作紧接着发生，特别是连词为 动作发生的先后，两个动作此时都可使用一般过去时来表示。例如：After we said good-bye to them, we left the village. 在和他们告别后，我们就离开了村庄。8过去将来时 1）构成after 或 befo

28、re 时，由于连词本身很清楚地表明了过去将来时由助动词should 或 would 加动词原形构成。第一人称用should，其他人称用would 。但目前在美、英等国也有第一人称用would 的情况。2）用法 a过去将来时是个相对的时态，主要用于从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。常用在宾语从句中表示从 句的动作发生在主句动作之后。They said they would go to visit the second factory. 他们说他们将要去参观第二个工厂。The teacher told us that there would be a concert the next Tuesda

29、y. 老师告诉我们下周二将要有场音乐会。b过去将来时也可由“was / were going to + 动词原形 ” 来表示。She said she was going to see her uncle. 她说她要去看望她的叔叔。c有些动词的过去进行时也可表示过去将来时。这一用法与某些动词的现在进行时表示一般将来时的用法 相同。I didnt have much time to talk with you became I was leaving for Shanghai in two hours. 我没有多少时间跟你谈话了，因为再过两个小时我就要动身去上海。注意：“would+动词原形 ”

30、有时并不表示过去将来时，而表示一种客气的请求。例如：Would you please open the window? 请把窗子打开好吗？三、随堂监测 A 组单项选择：1. Look! There _ some apples in that tree. D. were D. comes A. is B. was C. are 2 Well have to clean the plates before Mother _ home. A. will come B. is coming C. come 3 Will your mother _ you if you _ the English ex

31、am? Of course not. Because I am trying my best. A. be angry with; dont pass C. be angry to; dont pass B. be angry with; wont pass D. be angry to; wont pass 4 Im sorry youve missed the train, it _ 10 minutes ago. D. has been left D. see D. Are; listening A. left B. has left C. had left 5. I dont thin

32、k I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw 6. _ you _ to the radio? No, you can turn it off. A. Did; listen B. Have; listened C. Do; listen 7. Wheres Mr Lee? I have something unusual to tell him. You _ find him. He _ Japan. A. may not; has gone to C. cant; has gone to B. may n

33、ot; has been to D. cant; has been to 学习好资料 欢迎下载8. I wont come to the party unless Sue _, too. You mean if Sue comes youll come? A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 9. The world _. Things never stay the same. A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change 10. Excuse me, does

34、Mr Smiths son live here? He _ live here, but he has moved. A. has to B. used to C. tried to D. happened to 11. The children planted more threes and flowers after they _ Greener China. A. joined B. took part in C. became D. were 12. Wheres Mr Zhang? He _ London. A. has been to B. has been C. has gone

35、 D. has gone to 13. Do you know if he _ to play basketball with us? I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 14. May I speak to Mabel, please? Sorry. Shes _ Pairs. A. gone in B. been in C. gone to D. been to 15. My pen friend P

36、hillip _ to see me from Australia. He will be here soon. A. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming 16. I wont go to the concert because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming 17. Do you know Jack well? Certainly, we _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have made C. have b

37、ecome D. have been 18. Where is Jim? He _ to the shop. Hell back in an hour. A. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go 19. Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS! Sorry, I _ it. A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see 20. Jims father said to him, I hope you _ what I _ you to buy. A. didnt forg

38、et; told B. not to forget; have told C. wont forget; have told D. havent forgotten; will tell 21. I like my new bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 22. A lot of trees _ along the river last year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 23. These books _ out of th

39、e reading room. You have to read them here. A. must be taken B. cant take C. can take D. mustnt be taken 24. Whose CD player is this? Its mine. It _ me 800 yuan. A. took B. spent C. paid D. cost 25. May I _ you Chinese-English dictionary? Sorry, I _ it at home? A. borrow; forgot B. lend; left C. len

40、d; forgot D. borrow; left 26. Can you _ a little French? A. say B. talk C. speak D. tell 27. The internet _ it easy go get much new information in a short time. A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes 28. Do you like the music The Moonlight Sonata? Yes, it _ really beautiful. A. feels B. sounds C. liste

41、ns D. hears 29. Alice, we are going to spend our holiday in Canada ，if you _, we can go to China instead. A. hope B. wish C. prefer D. agree 30. Hello! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight? Im sorry I cant Mother wont _ me to go out in the evening. A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask 31.

42、Its too dark here. Please _ the light. A. turn back B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off 32. After finishing your paper, look it over to _ there are no mistakes. A. find out B. try out C. make sure D. think about 33. The baby is sleeping. Please _ the radio a little. A. turn down B. turn up C. turn o

43、n D. turn off 34. Look! The bus is coming. But there are too many people. We cant _ it. A. get off B. get down C. get on D. get up 35. Dont _ your coat, Tom! Its easy to catch a cold in spring. A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out 学习好资料欢迎下载D. waters 36. The trees must _ three times a we

44、ek. C. be watered A. water B. is watering 四、随堂监测B 组II用所给词的适当形式填空：1 They _ (visit) the museum last week. 2. Zhang Hong _ (make) many friends since she came to Paris. 3. She _ (go)to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening. 4. John is always busy. He _ (sleep) only six hours very night. 5. Sta

45、y here; boy; dont go out. It _ (rain) now. 6. She often _ (do) her lessons after supper. 7. Hurry up! The train _ (leave) in five minutes. 8. They _ (arrive) in London on the night of April 30, 1989. 9. While we _ (talk) in the room, the light suddenly went out 10. They _ (learn) about 200 English w

46、ords since this term. 11. The meeting _ already _ (start) when we got there. 12. He _ (work) hard at English every day. 13. Put on your coat. The wind _ (blow) hard outside now. 14. I _ (not finish) my homework yet. 15. He _ (must send) to the hospital at once. 16. By the end of last year we _ (plan

47、t) 1,500 trees. 17. She _ (play) the piano when I went to see her last night. 18. Ill tell him about i8t as soon as I _ (see) him. 19. She isnt at home, she _ (go) to Shanghai. 20. _ you _ (get) up early every morning this year? 21. The film _ (be) on for five minutes when I got to the cinema. 22. H

48、e said that light _ (ravel) much faster than sound. 23. How many Chinese words _ Mike _ (learn) since he got to Beijing? 24. The earth _ (move) around the sun. 25. The teacher said he _ (give) us a talk on history soon. 26. All the students _ (plant) trees tomorrow. 27. Please _ (not shout) here, th

49、e baby is sleeping. 28. We were sure that he _ (can work) out the problem. 29. The singer said she _ (not sing) twice in one evening. 30. We are sure he will come to see us before he _ (leave) Tianjin. 31. Look! The Yong Pioneers _ (pant) trees on the hill. 32. Mr Wang _ (not give) us a talk last Mo

50、nday. 33. They _ (play) basketball this time yesterday. 34. He said that they _ (clean) the classroom the next day. 35. We often _ (have) an English party on Saturday evenings. 36. He _ (joint) the army a few years ago. 37. Ill tell him the news as soon as he _ (come) back. 38. Tom always _ (think)

51、much of others, but little of himself. 39. Mr Black, together with his students, _ (visit) the Science Museum now. 40. There _ (be) a League meeting the day after tomorrow. 41. My brother _ (be) away form home for three years. 42. When Black got to the classroom, the first class _ (begin). 43. I don

52、t know if he _ (come). If he _ (come), please let me know. 44. Tom said, This pair of trousers _ (be) mine! 45. The story _ (take) place in 1985. 46. Where is your uncle? He_ (go) to the bank. 47. I usually _ (do) my homework in the evening. 48. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, the League members of cla

53、ss _ (plant) trees around the lake? 49. I _ (finish) my homework by half past eight last night. 50. Whats in the lake? Some boys _ (swim) in the lake. 51. The USA _ (attack) Iraq ( 伊拉克 ) in March, 2003. 学习好资料 欢迎下载 52. My brother likes English very much, and he _ (practice) reading every morning. 典型应

54、用剖析动词 II一、动词的被动语态1主动语态和被动语态 英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。例如：We swept the floor. 我们打扫了地板。 （主动语态）The floor was swept. 地板被打扫过。 （被动语态）2被动语态的构成1）被动语态是由“ 助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。助动词 be 有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词的 定式的结构是：主语 +be+过去分词（ vt.）+（by+宾语）。例如：Apple trees arent planted in the south.

55、 苹果树不种在南方。The building hasnt been completed. 这座建筑物没有竣工。be 的变化完全一样。被动语态的肯3）被动语态的一般疑问句Be+主语 +过去分词 （vt）+（by+宾语） ？其答语用yes 或 no 作简单回答。被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：例如：Are they made in China? Yes, they are. 它们是中国制造的吗？是的，是中国制造的。Was the museum built in 1993? 这座博物馆是在 1993 年建成的吗？No, it was built in 1986. 1986 年建成的。不，它是在4）被动

56、语态的特殊疑问句 被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是：疑问词例如：What is the machine used for? 这台机器用来作什么？It is used for making paper. 它是用来造纸的。Where were the car made? 这些小汽车是哪里制造的？They were made in China. 它们是中国制造的。+be+主语 +过去分词（ vt），其答语要作具体回答。5）被动语态的八种时态形式ask 为例）：将来时态被动语态的八种时态（以动词一般时态进行时态完成时态I am asked I am being asked I have been aske

57、d I He He He We She is asked She She He It It It She We We We It You are asked You You You They They They They I was asked I was being asked 学习好资料I 欢迎下载I had been asked He He He We She was asked She She He It It It She We We We It You were asked You You You They They They They 注意：被动语态没有完成进行时态和将来进行时态

58、。初中阶段主要应掌握的被动语态的时态有：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时和现在完 成时。3什么时候使用被动语态 1）在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。例如：The meeting was held last week. 会议上周召开了。English is taught in all middle schools. 所有中学都开设英语课。2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。例如：Teapots are used for drinking. 茶壶是饮水用的。Wheres cotton produced? 棉花产于何地？The bike was stolen yesterday af

59、ternoon. 昨天下午自行车被偷了。4主动语态变为被动语态的方法 1）将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。2）把主动结构的谓语动词改为 3）将主动句的主语变为介词 例如：be+过去分词形式。by 的宾语。People use radios for listening to the news. （主动） Radios are use for listening to the news by people. （被动）I posted a letter last week.（主动） A letter was posted by me last wee

60、k. （被动）注意：在 make, let, see, hear, notice, watch, feel 等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但这种句子如果 变为被动语态时，则应加上 to。例如： We heard her sing an English song.（主动） She was heard to sing an English song by us.（被动）5主动语态变为被动语态的主要类型 1）谓语动词只有一个宾语的。例如： The workers are building a ship. （主动语态） The ship is being built by the w