猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择课件

1、猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择先灵葆雅动物保健市场技术部荣 强1Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪支原体肺炎(Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine MPS)Enzootic Pneumonia (EP)2M. hyo Disease猪支原体肺炎First isolated from pig lungs in 19651965年首次在猪肺脏中分离One of the most common and economically important diseases最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一A complex interaction between M.

2、hyo and other bacterial and viral infections, and poor management and ventilation.主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。3M. hyo DiseaseOne of the primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC)引起PRDC 的原发病原之一Affects as many as 99% of U.S. herds99的美国猪群都有感染World-wide significance

3、世界范围内养猪生产中流行4M. hyo diseaseEconomic effects are extremely variable between herds. 不同猪群的经济影响差异较大Dependent on cost of inputs, price of pigs, other diseases, etc.取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。A MOVING TARGET.5M. hyo DiseaseReduced average daily gain (ADG)降低日增重Reduced feed efficiency (FE)降低饲料报酬Increased medicati

4、on costs增加药物成本Increased cull or light-weight pigs增加淘汰或低体重的猪Etc.67M. hyo Economic LossesM. hyo decreased growth rate 12.7% and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8% (Pointon, et al,1985)肺炎支原体可降低生长率12.7%和饲料报酬13.8%8M. hyo diseaseTransmission between pigs: aerosol and direct contact猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触Transmiss

5、ion between farms: movement of infected pigs 猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动Aerosol between farms: Britain 3.2 km猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里9M. hyo DiseaseClinical signs include:临床症状chronic cough (often dry or nonproductive)慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳）high morbidity and low mortality高发病率和低死亡率uneven groups of pigs猪群内生长不整齐10M. hyo diseasePeak pre

6、valence in Finisher because of:在育肥期多发的原因：Long incubation period：潜伏期长Slow spread传播缓慢Increased animal density养殖密度加大Presence of other organisms其他致病菌的出现11M. hyo PathogenesisM. hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.paralyzing then tangling, splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function of mu

7、cociliary apparatus.支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。12Only attaches to tracheobronchial ciliaA mucosal pathogen131415M. hyo PathogenesisThere is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function (Caruso and Ross, 1990)破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能 1617M. hyo DiseaseSecondary bacterial infections:继发细菌感

8、染Pasteurella multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Streptococcus suis链球菌Haemophilus parasuis副嗜血杆菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or “thumping”18M.hyo DiseaseThere are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus, Pseudorabies (PRV), PRRS，PCVII还和几种病毒

9、相互作用，其中包括猪流感病毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型192021Mycoplasma hyopneumonia: Control and Prevention猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治22M. hyo Control and PreventionMedication药物Management管理Vaccination免疫23M. hyo MedicationAntibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections.田间条件下

10、，抗生素的效果表现不一，主要用于控制继发感染。24M. hyo MedicationLincomycin: results inconsistent林可霉素Tiamulin: results inconsistent支原净Quinolones: show some promise喹喏酮类Florfenicol: shows some promise纽弗罗Aivlosin: results are good爱乐新25M. hyo MedicationOne problem with any medication program is that once the medication is rem

11、ovedthe disease can begin to cause problems again.一旦停药，疾病复发26M. hyo Prevention and ControlManagement factors are important管理十分重要All-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management technique全进全出是最好的管理方式No more than 3 weeks spread in age年龄差距不要超过3周Medicated Early Weaning (MEW) ha

12、s been shown to help control the MPS disease早期药物断奶有一定帮助27M. hyo Prevention and ControlManagement factors (continued)Segregated Early Weaning (SEW) has shown merit早期隔离断奶也有一定好处Vaccination免疫Optimize density and proper ventilation合理化密度，保持良好通风28M. hyo Prevention and ControlKey to an effective program to

13、control PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is an effective M. hyo vaccine控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗29M. hyo VaccinesBecause the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity are not well understood, whole-cell vaccines are best.因为还不清楚决定免疫力的具体抗原决定部位，所以全细胞疫苗是最好的。30Western Blot Analysis免疫印记分析

14、M+Pac preserves 15 proteins安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白Product A preserves 11 proteinsA产品保留了11种抗原蛋白Products B and C preserve 8 proteinsB和C产品保留了8种抗原蛋白31M+PAC 安百克拥有全世界最多的猪支原体抗原 Pfizer Intervet Fort Dodge M+PAC 32M. hyo VaccinesAlso, because long-lasting immunity is important, it is our belief that an effective M. hy

15、o vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant.此外，长久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐剂是支原体疫苗必须的。33Vaccine Adjuvants疫苗佐剂34Vaccine Adjuvants疫苗佐剂Aluminum Hydroxide (AH)氢氧化铝Water-in-oil (W/O)油包水Oil-in-water (O/W)水包油35Aluminum Hydroxide氢氧化铝Low viscosity粘度低Mild to no reactions温和无刺激Immediate response免疫反应迅速Short-lived immunity

16、免疫期短36Water-in-Oil (W/O)油包水More oil = more viscosity粘度高More irritation刺激大More pain疼痛More stress应激大37Oil-in-Water (O/W)水包油More modern最新型At least as effective as W/O与油包水效果相同Less oil = lower viscosity低粘度Less irritation刺激小Less pain疼痛少Less stress (pigs and people)应激小38 M. hyo Vaccine AdjuvantsM+PAC SPAH

17、O/W+AHRespisure Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂Respifend Fort Dodge AHIngelvac MH Nobl/BI W/OPorcilis Intervet AHHyoresp Merial AH39Introducing new M+Pac40Check other mycoplasma vaccines against the advantages of M+Pac:Reduced lung lesionsLess coughingHigher antibody titersHigher cell-mediated immunityExclus

18、ive Emunade adjuvant1 ml administration41Emunade, a revolutionary new dual-action adjuvant革命性的双相佐剂The key to M+Pacs superior performance安百克优良性能的关键Faster acting, longer lasting速效、长效Excellent syringeability良好的通针性42Emunade, Aluminum Hydroxide plus Oil-in water氢氧化铝水包油Fast acting速效Long lasting长效Stimulate

19、s strong cell-mediated immunity刺激坚强的细胞介导免疫力43Oil globules in Emunade contain antigen both inside droplet and on droplet surface. Surface antigen prompts rapid immune response.4445Antigen inside is released gradually as oil droplets break down over time. This gradual release allows Emunade to deliver

20、 prolonged immunity.4647Vaccination Schedules免疫程序Timing (Later is better?)时机One-dose vs. Two-dose一针还是二针Sow Vaccination母猪免疫48Vaccination Timing免疫时机Later is Better.Why?越晚越好Maternal Antibody Interference母源抗体干扰Protection needs to last for entire finishing period保护力需要持续整个育肥期49Lung Scores After Vaccinatio

21、n of Maternal Antibody Pigs At 4 And 6 Weeks of Age5.95.818.8005101520% of lung lesions4 weeks6 weeksNonvaccNon-Chall* Significantly lower than nonvaccinated, P 3rd Parity sows经产3次的母猪抗体滴度下降。Decreased Sow to Pig Shedding?能减少母猪对仔猪的散毒吗？55Sow Vaccination母猪免疫If sow herd is vaccinated, especially pre-farrowing, then it is even more important to vaccinate pigs later.如果母猪免疫，尤其在产前免疫，仔猪则免疫更嘉推迟。56M+Pac安百克Convenient dosage schedule方便的剂量1 ml dose at 7-to-10 days o