医学英语词根(共11页)

1、1人体主要器官(qgun)前缀名称(mngchng) 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃 stomach gastro- gastr

2、ic gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾 kidney nep

3、hro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2与人体系统(xtng)、器官有关的前（后）缀名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arterios

4、clerosis肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3与数字有关的前

5、缀数字 前缀 示例一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)

6、/hexacycliccompiund七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色 通用名 前缀 示例色 color chrom-/chromo- c

7、hromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫 violet/purple绿 green棕 brown br

8、own mixture/brown ring橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G粉红 pink oink frothy sputum绯红 crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态 -osis -oti

9、c neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无 a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨 macro- macroscopic/macronu

10、cleus/macrophage-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义 前（后）缀 示例相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症 -itis appen

11、dicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死 -necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/n

12、ecrospermia结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7与方位有关的前缀含义 通用词 前缀 示例上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后 back/posterior

13、 post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial间 between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周 around peri- per

14、ioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心 central centri-/centra- centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：in vivo/invaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/insaitju:/原位8与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例切除 -ectomy appendectomy/g

15、astrectomy/splenectomy切开 -tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术 -plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形 ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影 -graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography经 trans- tra

16、nsdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。9与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例酸盐 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal酮 -one a

17、cetone/progesterone/ketone糖 glyco- glycogenolysissaccharo- saccharomyces-saccharide polysaccharide酶 -ase reductase/transminase/kinase素 -in penicillin/heparin/nuclein原 -gen allogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/酚 phen-/pheno- phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基 amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10与“作用”有关的前（后）

18、缀含义 前（后）缀 示例杀 -cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驱逐 -fuge febrifuge/centrifuge抗 -anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen去/脱/除 de- dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/复 re- reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant冷冻 cryo- cryo

19、biology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分离 dis- disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退行 retro- retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiacSuffixMeaningExample-acpertaining to 属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart心脏（病）的-alpertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine-arpertaining to molecular: pertaining

20、 to a molecule 分子的-arypertaining to belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的-aseenzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶-clesmallness小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac小囊,(头发的)毛囊-ean instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)

21、耳镜-ealpertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx喉的, 喉音的-iacondition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕-icpertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-icsstudy of; name of a sciencepediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学-ine/insubstance 物质insulin：substance (ho

22、rmone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰岛素-ismprocess or conditionalcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒-istone who specializes in 精通于的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家-itisinflammation refers to a part in部位的炎症 r

23、hinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎-(i)umrelation to a whole; related to 与相关endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜-ivecharacterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing止咳药-lettiny; smalldroplet: a tiny drop 小滴-mentthe result or product of an actiondevelopment: thing whic

24、h develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature-oidresembling; like像mucoid: resembling mucus粘液样的-olelittle; smallcentriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome细胞中心粒；中心体-omatumor; swelling refers to a doerdermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin皮肤纤维瘤-or/-ereither a

25、person or thingreceptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体-orycharacterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down悬吊式，悬带-osesugarfructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osisabnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nai

26、l 嵌甲-ouspertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的-somesbodiesribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体-umstructure; thing; substance结构，物质magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素）-ycondition; act; processdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition

27、or metabolism 营养不良The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixesSuffixMeaning Example-algiapain; painful; conditionarthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛-aseenzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blastembryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞-carcinomamalignant tumor developin

28、g from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌-celeprotrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出-centesissurgical puncture 手术穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术-ca

29、pniacarbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cidekillgermicide: (substance) which can kill germs杀菌剂-clastcellphagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dyniapainglossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/-ectasisexpansion; dil

30、ation(膨胀，扩张)atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张-ectomysurgical excision or removal of gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术-edemaexcessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤

31、病，粘液水肿-emiablood conditionleukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病-emesisvomiting 呕吐hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血-gensomething that produced or prouducespathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体-g

32、enesisproduction 生产spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生-globinprotein蛋白质hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素-gnosisknowledgediagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examinatio

33、n -gramimage; pictureelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram 心电图-graph(y)process of recording记录过程electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Sy

34、n. cardiography 心电图记录-iasiscondition; state情况，状况cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症-iatry/-iatricshealing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支podiatry: treatment of foot disorders足部医疗-lithstonecholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石-logythe study

35、of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学-logistone who studies and treatsurologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生-lysisbreakdown, destructionhemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血-malaciasofteningosteomalacia: softeni

36、ng of bone 骨软化-maniaextreme compulsion or preoccupation强迫症kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖-megalygiantacromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症-metry/-metermeasurementspirometry: measurement of the vo

37、lume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)-odyniapaincardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛-onehormone荷尔蒙，激素parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素-opiaa defect in the eye眼睛的毛病myopia: being short-sighted 近视-o

38、psyto viewbiopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检-osismorbid condition病态的sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症-osmiasmellanosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失-ostomyprocess of making an opening into or a connection between造瘘gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the

39、surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术-oxialevel of oxygen氧水平hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧-pathydisease; diseased conditionophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病-peniadeficiencyleukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症-pepsiadi

40、gestioneupepsia: good digestion 消化良好-pexya fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术-phagia/phagyeating; swallowing 吃，吞咽dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难-philattraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物 basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell whic

41、h contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞-phobiafearxenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶-plasiaformation; developmenthyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大-phoniavoicedysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难-plasmformation; growth or substance of formationcytoplasm: jel

42、ly substance in the cell细胞浆-plastysurgical repairosteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术-plegiastroke; paralysis 中风thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病-pneabreathingeupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸-ptosisa falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ器官下移hepatoptosis: abnormally low position

43、 of the liver肝下垂-ptysisspitting分散melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰-poiesisproductionhemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用-rrhage/-rrhagiabursting forth of blood 出血menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多-rrhaphysurgical sewing or suturing splenorrhaphy: suture

44、of the spleen脾修补术-rrheaoverflowhydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢-(o)rrhexissplitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac羊膜破裂-sarcomamalignant tumor developing from connective tissue liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat脂肪肉瘤-schesisa holding back; suppression of discharge阻碍

45、；抑制排放uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留-sclerosisa hardeningdermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病-scopeinstrument for viewingstethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听诊器-scopyprocess of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查-spasminvoluntary contra

46、ctionangiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛-stasissuppression; stoppage; control; arrest抑制，中止hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding止血，止血法-stenosisabnormal narrowing of a duct or canal管、道德异常狭窄laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄-stomysurgical opening to the o

47、utside of the body造口colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon结肠造口术-tentionpressurehypertention: high blood pressure 高血压-therapytreatmentphysiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means物理疗法-tionprocesshospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院-tocialabor; birth 生

48、产embryotocia: abortion 流产-tometool for incisionarthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀-tomyprocess of cutting into gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术-tropiaturning 转弯，变向esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视-trophynourishment or development of an organ器官的营养、发育dystrophy: disorder caused

49、by defective nutrition or metabolism营养不良-uriaa condition of the urine（小便）dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难-versionturningeversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixesPrefixMeaningExamplea-/an-without; notaphasia: the inability to understand written or sp

50、oken words or to speak meaningfully失语症ab-away fromabortion: expulsion from the uterus流产ad-to; toward; nearadnasal: near the nose 近鼻的acro-a point or tipacronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲alb-whitealbino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者amb-/ambi-bothambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually

51、 attracted to both males and famales 双性恋amphi-/ampho-both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管ana-up; back againanabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢Angio-a blood vessel angioma: benign tumor formed of bloo

52、d vessel血管瘤ante-beforeantenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的anti-againstantidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂audi-hearing; soundaudiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定auto-selfautoantibody: antibody formed to attack the bodys own cells自身抗体 bi-two; t

53、wicebicellular: two cells两室的bio-living organisms生命体biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学brady- slowbradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓carcin-carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物cata-downwards; under; against; along withcataract:

54、 condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障centi-one hundredth百分之一centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米co(n)-with or together consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的contra-againstcontraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devi

55、ces or drugs 避孕法，节育法de-removal or lossdecaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的deca-tendecagram: ten grams 十克deci-tenthdeciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升di-twodiglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言dia-through; between; apart; acrossdiathermy: process of (

56、treating) through heat透热疗法dis-reversal or separate disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂dys-bad; difficult; disordereddysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形echo-soundechocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术ect-/ecto-outside or outerecchondroma: benign tumor on the s

57、urface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤en-in; withinenostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣endo-insideendocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜epi-on; overepidermis: outer layer of skin表皮ery-rederythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞eso-inward; within(向内)esotropia: turning inward of the

58、 eye内斜视eu-good eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学ex-/ exo-out of exhale: to breath out 呼出extra-outsideextracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的hemi-halfhemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂hydro-waterhydrocele: collection of watery l

59、iquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水hyper-higher or too muchhyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症hypo-less or too littlehypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾in-in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配in-notincoherent: not

60、 able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次infra-below or beneathinfrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌inter-between interlobular: between lobules小叶间的intra-insideintramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内itro-intointrovert: person who thinks only about himself and his own menta