定语从句提升(关系副词)概要课件

1、The Attributive Clause定语从句关系副词的用法 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子不缺少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意思时，这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。关系副词when, where和why的用法关系副词指代的先行词充当从句的成分when表时间的名词/名词词组时间状语where表地点的名词/名词词组地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语 关系副词when, where, why可用适当的介词+which来替代。如： when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+whichP

2、s:介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。（注意固定短语中介词的位置）关系副词和介词+which的关系用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when1. whenIll never forg

3、et the day when I joined the army.on whichJim still remembers the happy time when we got together last year. during whichIt is 1st Oct. when we celebrate our nations birthday. on which练一练用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we wer

4、e young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where2. whereThis is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichWe got the station early where we saw Tom off. at which练一练用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：There are several reasons why (= for w

5、hich) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why3. whyDo you know the reason why she was late.for whichShe will never tell us the reasons why she married such an old man. for which练一练定语从句必须注意的特殊例子(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that

6、或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)当point, situation, case, stage等词作先行词表示“地点”的抽象名词时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?(3)先行词为the way ,关系词要用that, in which 或省略Do you know the way (that/in which/-) he worke

7、d the problem. a. Is this the factory_ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _Lincoln once lived? c. Is this house _ we visited last year?(which/that)where解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作状语, 就用where, when, why等关系副词；若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that, which, whom, whose等。the one思考1. I still remember the days _ I w

8、orked with the farmers. I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmerswhich B. on which C. when D. what2. We were on the way _ it began to rain. I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents. A. when B. that C. how D. which whenwhichwhenthat3. The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was abse

9、nt yesterday.The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday.A. how B. why C. that D. who4. Is this school _ you ever visited? Is this the school _ you ever studied? Is this the school in _ you ever studied? A. where B. which C. that D. the onewhythatDAB介词+关系代词的情况 1The man whom you s

10、poke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toinThe man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词+关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sen

11、tences right?可见, who、that 不能用与介词之后 介词+关系代词的情况 3Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?介词+关系代词的情况 4在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，如：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write ar

12、ticles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.总结：关系代词前介词的确定“介词+关系代词” 结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语。用在介词后的关系代词只有whom, which和whose 三个，不能用that.介词+which 指物介词+whom 指人用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。1. I disagree with the facts _ which your argument is based.2. The

13、song, _ which he was interested, will never be heard again.3. This is the reason _ which he often comes to school late.4. I will never forget the way _ which my teacher taught me.5. This is the hero _ whom we are proud. on in forinof6. I want to find the very pen _ which I wrote that letter.7. They

14、are the students _ whom our teachers are thinking highly.8. It is important to choose good friends _ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.9. It will not be necessary to name the person _ whom the card belongs.10. I would always like to do business with those people _ whom I can rely.withof

15、withtoon / upon“介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句结构(1)名词+介词+关系代词：They live in a house, the door of which faces south.(2)代词+介词+关系代词：There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.(3)数词+介词+关系代词：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(4)形容词比较级/最高级+

16、介词+关系代词：China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.1. whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.2. whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose

17、+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.whose与of+which/whom的转换关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher

18、 yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.定语从句中的主谓一致Unit 2 subway /sbwei/ n. 地下人行道；地铁elevator /eliveit/ n. 电梯；升降机petrol /petrl/ n. 汽油（=gasoline）gas /s/ n. 汽油；气体；煤气；毒气official /fil/ adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的voyage /viid/ n. 航行；航海 conquer /kk/ vt. 征服；占领because of 因

19、为；由于native /neitiv/ adj. 本国的；本地的 n. 本地人；本国人 Amy /eimi/ n. 艾米（女名）come up 走近；上来；提出apartment /p:tmnt/ n. 公寓住宅；单元住宅actually /ktuli/ adv. 实际上；事实上AD 公元base /beis/ vt. 以为根据 n. 基部；基地；基础at present 现在；目前gradual /rdul/ adj. 逐渐的；逐步的gradually /grduli/ adv. 逐渐地；逐步地Danish /deini/ n. 丹麦语；adj. 丹麦的；丹麦的人；丹麦语的 enrich /

20、inrit/ vt. 使富裕；充实；改善vocabulary /vkbjulri/ n. 词汇；词汇量；词表 Shakespeare /eikspi/ 莎士比亚(英国剧作家诗人)make use of 利用；使用spelling /speli/ n. 拼写；拼法latter /lt/ adj. 较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的identity /aidentti/ n. 本身；本体；身份fluent /flu:nt/ adj. 流利的；流畅的fluently /flu:ntl/ adv. 流利地；流畅地Singapore / sip:/ n. 新加坡(东南亚国家)Malaysia /mleizi/ n. 马来西亚(东南亚国家) such as 例如；像这种的frequent /fri:kwnt/ adj. 频繁的；常见的