21世纪大学生英语读写教程第二册第6单元 含课后答案老师上课课件

1、Unit 6 : Part A21st Century College English: Book 2A Brief Historyof Stephen HawkingUnit 6: Part A Pre-reading Activities Intensive Study Exercises AssignmentPre-reading Activities Pre-listening Warm-up QuestionsPre-reading Activities: ListeningFirst Listening: Before you listen to the tape, have a

2、quick look at the paragraph on p.160. Its similar to what youll hear on the tape, but there are some differences. As you listen the first time, try to find the sections of the paragraph that are different from what you hear on the tape. Dont worry about yet what the exact differences are just underl

3、ine where they appear.Second Listening: Now underline the differences.Pre-reading Activities: ListeningCheck-upPre-reading Activities: ListeningThe differences you should underline are: Stephen Hawking, the world-famous scientist and author, lost his ability to speak in 1985. Already confined to a w

4、heelchair, unable to move more than a few muscles, he lost his voice and this meant he could communicate only by raising his eyebrows. Then an American computer programmer came to Hawkings rescue by designing a vocalizing computer specially for him. With its help, Hawking can construct sentences at

5、a speed of about 15 words per minute, by selecting words from his computer screen and then clicking on a device that vocalizes the sentences for him. Hawking jokes about the computer: “The only trouble is that it gives me an American accent. ScriptPre-reading Activities: Listening Steven Hawking, th

6、e well-known scientist and author, lost his ability to speak in 1983. Already confined to a wheelchair, unable to move more than a few muscles, he lost his voice and this left him able to communicate only by raising his fingers. Then an Australian computer programmer came to Hawkings rescue by desig

7、ning a vocalizing computer specially for him. With its help, Hawking can construct sentences at a speed of about 50 words per minute, by selecting words from a computer screen and then clicking a device that says the sentences for him. Hawking likes the computer, saying: “The only trouble is that it

8、 gives me an Australian accent. Pre-reading Activities: Warm-up QuestionsWhat else do you know about Stephen Hawking and his book “A Brief History of Time?Why is he called “the smartest man in the world? Intensive Study Difficult sentences Key words, phrases & usages Comprehension exercisesIntensive

9、 StudyA Brief History of Stephen HawkingBy Michael White & John GribbinIntensive Study1He has been proclaimed “the finest mind alive, “the greatest genius of the late 20th century, and “Einsteins heir. Known to millions, far and wide, for his book A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking is a star s

10、cientist in more ways than one. His gift for revealing the mysteries of the universe in a style that non-scientists can enjoy made Hawking an instant celebrity and his book a bestseller in both Britain and America. It has earned a place in the Guinness Book of Records for spending 184 weeks in The S

11、unday Times “top-ten lists, and has sold more than five million copies worldwide virtually unheard-of success for a science book.Intensive Study2How did all this happen? How has a man who is almost completely paralysed and unable to speak except through a computer overcome these incredible obstacles

12、 and achieved far more than most people ever dream of?3Stephen William Hawking was a healthy baby, born to intellectual, eccentric parents. His father Frank, a doctor specializing in tropical diseases, and his mother Isobel, a doctors daughter, lived in a big old house full of books. Carpets and fur

13、niture stayed in use until they fell apart; the wallpaper hung peeling from old age. The family car was a London taxi, bought for 50.Intensive Study4Hawking has always been fascinated by his birth date: January 8, 1942. It was the 300th anniversary of the death of Galileo, the Italian mathematician

14、and astronomer who revolutionised astronomy by maintaining that the Sun is the centre of the Solar System not the Earth, as ancient astronomers believed.5“Galileo, says Hawking, “was the first scientist to start using his eyes, both figuratively and literally. In a sense, he was responsible for the

15、age of science we now enjoy.Intensive Study6Hawking attended St. Albans School, a private school noted for its high academic standards. He was part of a small elite group, the brightest of the bright students. They hung around together, listened to classical music and read only such “smart authors a

16、s Aldous Huxley and Hawkings hero, Bertrand Russell, at once an intellectual giant and liberal activist. 7Hawking spent very little time on maths homework, yet got full marks. A friend recalls: “While I would be struggling away with a complicated problem, he just knew the answer. He didnt have to th

17、ink about it.Intensive Study8This instinctive insight also impressed his teachers. One of Hawkings science teachers, for example, recalls the time he posed the question: “Does a cup of hot tea reach a drinkable temperature more quickly if you put the milk in first, or add the milk after pouring? Whi

18、le the rest of the class struggled over how to even begin approaching the problem, Hawking almost instantly announced the correct answer: “Add the milk after pouring, of course. (The hotter the tea initially, the faster it will cool.) Another teacher relates how Hawking and his friends built a simpl

19、e computer and this was in 1958, a time when only large research centres had any computers at all.Intensive Study9Hawking the schoolboy was a typical grind, underweight and awkward and peering through eyeglasses. His grey uniform always looked a mess and he spoke rather unclearly, having inherited a

20、 slight lisp from his father. This had nothing to do with early signs of illness; he was just that sort of kid a figure of classroom fun, respected by his friends, avoided by most. Intensive Study10Hawking went on to study at Oxford, winning a scholarship to read Natural Science, a course which comb

21、ines mathematics, physics and astronomy, at University College. He found much of the work easy and averaged only one hours work a day. Once, when his tutor set some physics problems from a textbook, Hawking didnt even bother to do them. Asked why, he spent 20 minutes pointing out errors in the book.

22、 His main enthusiasm was the Boat Club. Many times he returned to shore with bits of the boat knocked off, having tried to guide his crew through an impossibly narrow gap. His rowing trainer suspects, “Half the time, he was sitting in the stern with his head in the stars, working out mathematical fo

23、rmulae.Intensive Study11Oxford has always had its share of eccentric students, so Hawking fit right in. But then, when he was 21, he was told that he had ALS a progressive and incurable nerve disease. The doctors predicted that he had only a few years to live. 12“Before my condition was diagnosed, I

24、 was very bored with life, Hawking says today, speaking from his wheelchair through a computerized voice synthesizer. The doctors grim prognosis made him determined to get the most from a life he had previously taken for granted. Intensive Study13“But I didnt die, Hawking notes dryly. Instead, as hi

25、s physical condition worsened, Hawkings reputation in scientific circles grew, as if to demonstrate the theory of mind over matter. Hawking himself acknowledges his disease as being a crucial factor in focusing his attention on what turned out to be his real strength: theoretical research. Hawking s

26、pecializes in theoretical cosmology, a branch of science that seeks ultimate answers to big questions: Why has the universe happened, and what are the laws that govern it? His main work has been on black holes and the origin and expansion of the universe. He currently holds the Cambridge University

27、professorship once held by Sir Isaac Newton.Intensive Study14The smartest man in the world is not immune to the depression that can accompany severe disabilities. But Hawking says: “I soon realized that the rest of the world wont want to know you if youre bitter or angry. You have to be positive if

28、youre to get much sympathy or help. He goes on: “Nowadays, muscle power is obsolete. What we need is mind power and disabled people are as good at that as anyone else. Intensive Studyalive a. (predicative) having life; livinge.g. The doctors are trying every possible means to keep him alive. It is r

29、eported that more than forty people were burned alive in yesterdays fire.Cf. living a. (attributive)e.g.I have no living relatives in my hometown.More to learnHe has been proclaimed “the finest mind alive .Paraphrase? He has been declared the most intelligent man who is living today .He has been pro

30、claimed “the finest mind alive .Known to millions, Past participial phrases can be used as adverbials.e.g.Stephen Hawking is known to millions, far and wide, for his book “A Brief History of Time. He is a star scientist in more ways than one.Known to millions, far and wide, for his book A Brief Hist

31、ory of Time, Stephen Hawking is a star scientist in more ways than one.More to do1.The museum was originally located in London. It was moved to Hertfordshire in 1946.2.The manager was asked what his plan was for the coming year. He promised to further develop the domestic market. VIII.Rewrite the fo

32、llowing pairs of sentences as single sentences using past participial phrases as adverbials.Originally located in London, the museum was moved to Hertfordshire in 1946.Asked what his plan was for the coming year, the manager promised to further develop the domestic market. Exercises Structure?读写教程 I

33、I?：Ex. VIII, p. 1423.This symphony was composed in 1878. Its based on a classical Chinese love story.4.Many modern museum exhibits are designed for visitors to touch or play with. They are at once entertaining and educational.Composed in 1878, this symphony is based on a classical Chinese love story

34、.Designed for visitors to touch or play with, many modern museum exhibits are at once entertaining and educational.VIII.Rewrite the following pairs of sentences as single sentences using past participial phrases as adverbials.Exercises Structure5.Science is aided by technology. It helps mankind to g

35、ain increasing control over the environment.Aided by technology, science helps mankind to gain increasing control over the environment.Exercises StructureVIII.Rewrite the following pairs of sentences as single sentences using past participial phrases as adverbials.far and wideeverywhere; from or ove

36、r a large areae.g. She looked far and wide for the missing diamond ring. Since he retired, he has traveled far and wide.His gift for and his book a bestseller in both Britain and America. Translate?星际大战之三?成了2002的畅销书之一。Key “Star War III turned out to be one of the bestsellers in the year 2002.e.g. Th

37、e writers first novel was a best-seller. John read a best-seller while riding the bus.More to learnbestseller n. anything, especially a book, that has a large sale. His ability to explain the complexities of the universe in a way that the average non-professional readers can understand and appreciat

38、e soon made him well known and his book best-selling in both Britain and America.His gift for and his book a bestseller in both Britain and America. earn vt. get (sth. that one deserves) because of ones qualities; deservee.g.She earned the promotion from a salesgirl to a sales manager. After that, S

39、haron earned a reputation for honesty.KeyHe has earned his place in history.Translate他已在历史上赢得了一席之地。Text-related informationGuinness Book of Records 吉尼斯世界纪录大全In 1955, Norris and his twin brother Ross edited the first Guinness Book of World Records. The book was first designed to record the then extre

40、mes in, on and beyond the Earth notably in human performance and of the natural world. The name “Guinness” derives from the Guinness Brewery in Dublin, which was Irelands largest company. It is in London now. The book is now published worldwide in 23 different languages. Text-related informationThe

41、Sunday Times 星期日泰晤士报The Sunday Times is an influential Sunday newspaper published in London, England. It is known around the world for the quality of its reporting and editing and for its coverage of British politics and the arts. Founded in 1822 as a nationally circulated paper with an independent

42、editorial policy, The Sunday Times reflects the dignified, carefully written, and well-edited character of its daily counterpart The Times.virtually ad. almost; very nearly e.g.Its virtually impossible to tell the imitation from the real thing.The job was virtually completed by the end of the week.N

43、otice: You can use virtually to refer to something that is almost or nearly true and that can be regarded as true for most purposes.More to learnCf. virtual a. almost what is stated; in fact though not officiallyVirtual reality is a set of images and sounds produced by a computer which seem to repre

44、sent a place or situation in which a person experiencing it can take part, and a virtual business is one that exists in cyberspace.virtually ad. almost; very nearly paralyse/paralyze vt.make (sb. ) lose the ability to move part or all of his body, or to feel anything in it e.g.He was paralysed from

45、the neck down in a road accident.A stroke paralyzed half his face. Notice:You can say that people, places or organizations are paralysed by something when it makes them unable to act or function properly.e.g.The strike paralysed the transport network.The whole system was paralysed when the main comp

46、uter broke down.Translate电力故障使整个城市陷于瘫痪。KeyElectricity failure paralyzed the whole city.dream of wish, fantasize, imaginee.g.He dreamed of winning the world tennis championship one day.Stephanie often dreams of long sea journeys.You dream of doing something or of something happening, when you very mu

47、ch want it to come about.specialize in concentrate ones studies, interests, etc. on (a particular field, etc.) e.g.Prof. White specializes in oriental history.He specialized first in painting birds and later in writing about them.Fill in the blankThey went to a _ (意大利风味餐馆).Keyrestaurant that special

48、izes in Italian foodCarpets and furniture stayed in use until they fell apart; the wallpaper hung peeling from old age.e.g.My bicycle is falling apart.Their marriage finally fell apart.More to learnfall apart break into pieces; break up Carpets and furniture stayed in use until they fell apart; the

49、wallpaper hung peeling from old age.peel vi. (of a covering) come off in strips or small pieces e.g.After the sunburn, my husbands skin peeled.Cf. peelvt.(off) remove the outer covering from (a fruit, vegetable, etc.) e.g. Mother wanted you to peel some potatoes for salad.Cf. peeln. the outer coveri

50、ng of fruits and vegetablese.g. orange peel onion peelCarpets and furniture stayed in use until they fell apart; the wallpaper hung peeling from old age. The family car was a London taxi, bought for 50.Carpets and furniture would not be replaced by new ones until they broke; the wallpaper came off a

51、nd hung for old age. The family car was a second-hand car bought for 50 from a London taxi company. The description of Hawkings parents house suggests their “eccentric behaviors in other peoples eyes and, on the other hand, their thrift in life: they would rather bury themselves in a roomful of book

52、s than have any comforts in their house.Galileo (1564 - 1642) Italian astronomer and physicist. The first to use a telescope to study the stars (1610), he was an outspoken advocate of Copernicuss theory that the sun forms the center of the universe, which led to his persecution and imprisonment by t

53、he Inquisition (1633). Text-related information start using his eyes, both figuratively and literally figuratively ad. 比喻地；借喻地When someone is speaking figuratively, he is using a word or expression with a more abstract or imaginative meaning than its usual one.e.g. Figuratively speaking, a number of

54、 people still live in the eighteenth century. When I said I killed him, I was using the word “kill figuratively.More to learn start using his eyes, both figuratively and literally literally ad. according to the most basic and simple meaning of a worde.g.The book is translated too literally.Dont take

55、 everything he says literally; he likes to exaggerate.More to learnliterally ad. exactly, reallye.g. There are literally thousands of “interest groups on the Internet. I literally begged him for help.“Figuratively and “literally are often used to describe the meanings of words. In the case of “eye,

56、literally it means an organ of sight, as in “He closed his left eye and opened his right eye, while figuratively it means the minds eye or observation, as in “To her expert eye, the painting was terrible. start using his eyes, both figuratively and literally In a sense, he was responsible for the ag

57、e of science we now enjoy.in a sense to a certain extent but not entirelye.g. You are right in a sense, but you dont know all the facts. We are, in a sense, being deceitful if we tell them so.More to learnIn a sense, he was responsible for the age of science we now enjoy.be responsible for be the ca

58、use of e.g. The bad weather was responsible for the crop failure. Who is responsible for the damage?Text-related informationAldous Huxley (1894 - 1963)Aldous Huxley was an English novelist,essayist, critic and poet.During the1920s and 1930s he lived in Italy andFrance, and there wrote many of hisbes

59、t fictions, notably Brave NewWorld (1932) and Eyeless in Gaza (1936). Disillusioned with Europe he left for California in 1937, in search of new spiritual direction. He also wrote on science, philosophy, and social criticism. His works, often pessimistic, combine satire and earnestness, brutality an

60、d humanity,and shed light onunexplored territory.Text-related informationBertrand Russell (1872 - 1970)Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher, mathematician, and reformer, whose emphasis on logical analysis influenced the course of 20th-century philosophy. He remained constant in his admiration