2019高考英语一轮复习练习题Unit3Lifeinthefuture新人教版必修5

1、Lifeinthefuture李仕才一、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsom

2、ehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthatthewormschewin

3、galonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,糊theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmassapparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromthewormsstomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestud

4、y,saysthewormsabilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfoodbeeswaxalsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,sheexplains,Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasn

5、otinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreaking1downinthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchiniagree

6、sandhopesherteamsfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocessnotsimplymillionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures

7、.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.2.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB

8、.helpmakeplasticbags2C.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提

9、供了新的途径。1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saysthewormsabilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfoodbeeswaxalsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。3.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocessnotsimplymillionsof

10、wormsthrownontopoftheplastic.可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。34.C【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialproces

11、snotsimplymillionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。二、教材与语法填空根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。IwentintothefuturebecauseI1.(win)aprizethatgaveme2.tour.Isufferedfrom“timelag”whenIleftmyowntime.WangPinggavemesomegreentablets3.couldhelpmefeel4.(little

12、)nervousanduncertain.5.(he)parentscompany,6.(call)“FutureTours”，transportedme7.(safe)intothefutureinatimecapsule.ThefirstthingInoticedwasthepoorqualityoftheair,somyheadached.AndIfoundseveralthings8.(differently):amasktogivemeenoughoxygen;ahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer;astrangelookinghouse9.(belon

13、g)toWangPingsparents.Therethetreesactedaswallsandprovidedoxygen10.theroom;atable,somechairsandabedrosefromunderthefloorasifbymagic.答案：1.hadwon2.a3.which/that4.less5.His6called7.safely8.different9.belonging10.for三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。ALettertoMyDadFouryearsagowefoundoutabo

14、utthecancergrowinginsideyou.Youtoldmethenewsthatithadalreadyspreadandthatyoudidntknowhowlongyouhad_1_.Iwasstillatuniversity.Aparentdyingwassomethingthathappenedto_2_peoplepeopleolderthanme.Ispentthefirstfewmonthsin_3_.ForthefirsttimeIfelt_4_.IwishedIcouldjust_5_youandtakethecancerout.Buttherewasnoth

15、ingIcoulddo.，Wevebeen_6_.Youreactedwelltotreatmentandyourestillherethoughwedontknowforhowmuch_7_.4IvealwayswantedtosaythatIloveyou，andthatIm_8_foreverythingyouvegivenme.ButIcant.Itfeelslikeitisthisunwritten_9_inourfathersonrelationshipthat_10_it.Youreamanconservativeandguardedwithyour_11_.Youkeepthe

16、mtoyourselfand_12_otherstodothesame.ButIknowyou_13_.IveseenyourproudlookswhenIvetoldyouaboutmy_14_atworkandschoolovertheyears.Iveseenyour_15_whenthingshaventgonewell.Irememberalltheoffersofhelp.Iwishwecouldtalkaboutwhatwe_16_toeachother.Iwishyoucouldtellmeyoure_17_andIcouldtellyouIloveyou.Iwishthese

17、_18_conceptsofmasculinity(男子气概)werentsodeeply_19_inbothofus.Maybewewillstillseeourwaytothat_20_beforeyougo.Butwhateverthecase，IjustneedtosayitIloveyou，andthankyou.1A.waitedBleftCsufferedDstayed2A.anyBfewCotherDall3A.doubtBangerCvainDshock4A.powerlessBnervousClostDbored5A.reachintoBturntoCstandbyDloo

18、kinto6A.confusedBluckyCactiveDhopeless7A.betterBdeeperClongerDfurther8A.eagerBgratefulCregretfulDdesperate9A.letterBwordCideaDrule10A.preventsBchangesCdestroysDtransforms11A.illnessesBfeelings5CbelongingsDopinions12A.requireBexpectCallowDpersuade13A.lieBunderstandCcareDfear14A.achievementsBdifficult

19、iesCgoalsDexperiences15A.powerBangerCcuriosityDconcern16A.haveBgiveCleaveDmean17A.conservativeBbraveCproudDhelpful18A.absurdBimportantCusefulDpopular19A.lostBtrappedCrootedDcovered20A.situationBsolutionCachievementDconversation【解题导语】你以为你对他的爱很深沉，这是你了解的；你不了解的是，他对你的爱比你的深沉一万倍。对父母的爱，要怎么才说得出口？别太晚。如果没有勇气当面

20、表达，就写封信来告诉他。1B四年前作者发现父亲身患癌症，癌细胞已经扩散，因此，此处指不知道还能活多久。howlongyouhadleft是“你还剩下多长时间”的意思，left用作后置定语。故选B项。2C根据该空后的peopleolderthanme可判断，作者以为父(母)亲垂死这件事只会发生在比他年龄更大的人身上。故选C项。D3indoubt意为“怀疑”；inanger意为“生气地”；invain意为“徒劳无益地”；inshock意为“震惊地；吃惊地”。听到父亲患癌这件事，作者当然是长时间地感到震惊。故选D项。刷有所得方法：做完形填空题时，有些题要注意该空前后的介词、副词等。有时需要分别把选项

21、与前后的介词、副词相搭配，再判断它们搭配后哪个短语的意思更符合上下文的逻辑。64A根据下文ButtherewasnothingIcoulddo.可知，作者什么都做不了，由此可推测，此处指作者感到无能为力。powerless意为“无能为力的”；nervous意为“紧张不安的；焦虑的”；lost意为“迷路的；不知所措的”；bored意为“厌烦的；烦闷的”。根据语境可知选A项。5A根据下文andtakethecancerout可知，此处指作者希望可以进入父亲的身体拿走癌细胞。reachinto意为“伸进；伸入”；turnto意为“转向；求助于”；standby意为“袖手旁观；支持”；lookinto

22、意为“调查”。故选A项。6B根据该空后面的Youreactedwelltotreatmentandyourestillhere可知，作者的父亲对治疗反应很好并且依然还活着，所以作者一家感觉是幸运的(lucky)。故选B项。confused意为“困惑的；混乱的”；active意为“积极的”；hopeless意为“没有希望的”。7C父亲的治疗效果很好，“我们”很幸运，虽然不知道父亲还能坚持多久，但是他还活着。better意为“更好”；deeper意为“更深”；longer意为“更长久”；further意为“更远”。故选C项。8B根据设空后的everythingyouvegivenme可知，作者在此

23、表达对父亲的感激之情。eager意为“渴望的；热切的”；grateful意为“感激的”；regretful意为“遗憾的；后悔的”；desperate意为“绝望的”。故选B项。9D句意为：好像在我们的父子关系上就是这不成文的规则阻止了这句话被说出口。unwrittenrule意为“不成文的规则”，符合语境。故选D项。10A根据下文的Youreamanconservative和Youkeepthemtoyourself可知，父亲很保守，所以这一不成文的规则阻止了父爱的表达。prevent意为“阻止；防止”；change意为“改变”；destroy意为“破坏；摧毁”；transform意为“使改观；

24、使转化”。故选A项。11Bguarded意为“谨慎的”，结合下文的Youkeepthemtoyourself可知，此处指父亲是一个保守的、对情感(feelings)谨慎的人。conservativeandguardedwithyourfeelings作后置定语，修饰前面的aman。故选B项。illness意为“疾病”；belongings意为“所有物”；opinion意为“观点”。12B根据前文对父亲的描述conservative,guardedwithyour_可知，父亲收敛自己的感情，希望别人也这样做。require意为“要求”；expect意为“期望；盼望”；allow意为“允许”；pe

25、rsuade意为“劝说；说服”。故选B项。13C根据下文的Iveseenyourproudlooks可知，父亲是很在意儿子的。lie意为“撒谎”；understand意为“理解”；care意为“在意；在乎”；fear意为“害怕”。故选C项。714A根据前面的yourproudlooks可知，父亲自豪的应该是作者取得的成就(achievements)。故选A项。difficulty意为“困难”；goal意为“目标”；experience意为“经历”。15D根据设空后的whenthingshaventgonewell及Irememberalltheoffersofhelp.可知，当事情进展不顺利时

26、，父亲会主动提供帮助，因此可知，父亲是关心儿子的。power意为“力量；权力”；anger意为“愤怒；生气”；curiosity意为“好奇心”；concern意为“担心；忧虑”。故选D项。16D结合下文Iwishyoucouldtellmeyoure_andIcouldtellyouIloveyou.可知，作者希望父亲能够告诉他父亲是如何想的，作者也能告诉父亲作者爱他。由此可推测，此处指作者希望能够与父亲谈论他们对彼此意味着(mean)什么。故选D项。17C根据上文的yourproudlooks可知，此处指作者希望父亲能够告诉他父亲为他而自豪。conservative意为“守旧的；保守的”；b

27、rave意为“勇敢的”；proud意为“骄傲的；自豪的”；helpful意为“有帮助的”。故选C项。18A根据上一题解析及空后的masculinity可知，此处指作者希望这些荒谬的大男子观念不会在他和父亲的心中根深蒂固。absurd意为“荒唐的；可笑的”，符合语境。故选A项。important意为“重要的”；useful意为“有用的”；popular意为“流行的”。19C根据语境可知，此处指作者希望这样的大男子观念不要根深蒂固。lostin意为“迷失在”；trappedin意为“陷入”；rootedin意为“植根于；深植于”；coveredin意为“被覆盖”故选C项。20D根据上文的talka

28、bout可知，此处指作者与父亲的谈话(conversation)。故选D项。四、教材与话题写作()用本单元所学知识完成下列句子。1随着科技的发展，我对未来生活持乐观态度。(beoptimisticabout)答案：Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,Iamoptimisticaboutlifeinthefuture.2到那时我们生活的环境更舒适、美丽。(surroundings)答案：Bythattime,thesurroundingswherewelivewillbemorecomfortableandbeautiful.3太阳能、风能将会被充分

29、利用，海水也会转变成能源，人们再也不用担心缺乏能源。(beswitchedinto;lackofenergy)答案：Peoplewillnotworryaboutlackofenergyanylongerbecausesolarenergyand8windenergywillhavebeenmadefulluseofandseawaterwillbeswitchedintoenergyaswell.4我们不但被提供丰富的衣食，而且我们可以花费更多的时间周游世界。(notonly.butalso;provide.with)答案：Wewillnotonlybeprovidedwithenoughfoodandclothing,butwecanalsospendmoretimetravellingaroundtheworld.5正是因为工作效率更高了，我们在工作学习上的压力将会更小。(efficiently;stress)答案：Wewillhavelessstresseitherfromourstudyorworkbecausewecanworkmoreefficiently.()将以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。五、下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误