《语言学概论》课程第2次作业

1、语言学概论课程第D次作业语言学概论课程第D2次作业Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.Ofallthespeechorgans,theis/arethemostflexible.mouthlipstonguevocalcordsThesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingaresounds.voicelessvoicedvowelconsonantalisavoicedalveolarstop./z/d/k/b

2、/Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones.identicalsameexactlyalikesimilarSince/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe.inphonemiccontrastincomplementarydistributionthea

3、llophonesminimalpairThesound/f/is.voicedpalatalaffricatevoicedalveolarstopvoicelessvelarfricativevoicelesslabiodentalfricativeAvowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.backcentralfrontmiddleDistinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicse

4、gments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalled.phoneticcomponentsimmediateconstituentssuprasegmentalfeaturessemanticfeaturesA(n)isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.phonesoundallophonephonemeThedifferentphoneswhichcanrepr

5、esentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledtheofthatphoneme.phonessoundsphonemesallophonesDecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistingu

6、ishesmeaning.EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fri

7、catives,bilabialandalveolar.Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.Anysoundproducedb

8、yahumanbeingisaphoneme.Notallthebackvowelsareroundedvowels.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswi

9、thonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1.phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e.,theyareallsounds.Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalledrules.Thetranscriptionofspeech

10、soundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscriptionwhilethetranscriptionwithlettersymbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscalledtranscription.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownas.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthre

11、eimportantcavities:thepharyngealcavity,thecavityandthenasalcavity.Dependingonthecontextinwhichstressisconsidered,therearetwokindsofstress:wordstressandstress.areaddedtoletter-symbolstobringoutthefinerdistinctionsthanthelettersalonecanpossiblydo.studiesthewaysoundstravelbylookingatthesoundwaves,thephysicalmeansb