被动语态林艾Convertor

1、高中英语重点语法被动语态1、基本概念语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用_（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用_（Passive Voice）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom _ by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。2、基本构成动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成;有时也可以是get+过去分词(如get changed, get hurt, ge

2、t dressed etc)。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了_，原来的主语变成了_。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。3、习惯用法在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。还有一些动词的被动语态更倾向于是一种系表结构，即过去分词功能上相当于形容词。如：be bored with, be born inat,

3、be disappointed atby, be puzzled by, be pleased withby, be surprised atby ，be shocked atby 4、不同时态中的用法一般现在时：一般过去时：现在进行时：过去进行时： 现在完成时：过去完成时：一般将来时：当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为：他被认为很有才气。He _a brilliant. 这本书是1969年写成的。This book _ in 1969.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。The broken bike _.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。He told us the cat _when we cal

4、led him.这支钢笔已经用了几年。The pen _for several years.他说这家工厂已经开张。He said the factory _.工作将于三小时后完成。The work _ in three hours.这孩子必须被好好照顾。The baby _. 5、主动句与被动句的转换I含有单宾语的主动句的转换：People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。变为被动句：English _.II.含有双宾语的主动句的转换I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. The b

5、ook was _ yesterday ( by me). Mr. Smith _yesterday (by me).III、当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。It _ that he is an honest boy.1) 用_，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；He _ to be an honest boy.2) 把_变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成_。IV. 谓语动词是动词短语的主动句的转换。They have never listened

6、 to him. He _.结论：动词短语中的_！练习：语态转换He teaches English in our school. English _ in our school by him.2). She gave me a book. I _ by her.A book _by her.口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done, 时态看主动。口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)3). He made me do the work.I_the work by him.口诀3：这些

7、动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（listen to,hear,make,notice, observe,look at,see,watch)4).They take good care of the baby.The baby _ by them.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。6、表示被动意义的主动句：Cotton feels soft. Ripe apples pick easily. 结论：_和某些表主语_的不及物动词用主动形式表被动意义。有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。 一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类

8、动词有begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。例如： School begins in September. 二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock, handle, last, dry, cut等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如： 1、这台机器运转良好。The machine _. 2、这支钢笔写起来很流畅。This pen _. 3、这个书架几乎卖不出去。The bookshelf_. 三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：

9、look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例如： Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. is felt C. feels D. is felt注意：某些表状态的及物动词have, belong to也不能用于被动语态。如：I have many science books.四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义 1. 在need, require, want(需要)等动词后，表示某物(人)要进行处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式

10、的被动式。例如： Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved2. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 His suggestion _(不值得考虑). 五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 The next train to arrive was from New York.

11、 1. 不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的_关系时。Please give me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today. 2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的_关系，且句子的主语或间接宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的_关系时。 His speech in English was difficult to follow. Do you think him easy to get along with?3. 用在作_的形容词后面的不定式，如果与句子的主语或宾语有_关系时，一般用主动形式。Practice1. It

12、suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus. A. waited B. waits C. was waiting D. was waited2. A big power station _in my home town now. A. has been built B. is being built C. has built D. is building .3. Stamps _by people for sending letters. A. use B. using C .used D. are used.4. Must old people _to p

13、olitely? A. speak B. spoken C. be spoke D. be spoken5. Bike mustnt _everywhere. A. be put B. be put C. put C. putting6. The woman fell off the bike and _on the road. A. lay B. was lain C. lied D. has lain7. The old man and the children _in our country. A. must take good care B. must be took good car

14、e ofC .must take good care of D. must be taken good care of 8. Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_ from the east.A. has risen B. rise C. rises D. is risen 9. All trees must _well when it is dry. A. be water B. watering C. water D. be watered10.-I think the shop_.- No, its open. It_ at

15、 six. A. closed; closes B. closed; will be closed C. closed; closes D. has been closed; is closed11. This bike is made in America. Its_ for travelling. A.use B.using C.to use D.used12. He was made _ yesterday. A.cry B. to cry C. crying D. to be cried13. A talk on Chinese history_ in the school hall

16、next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give14. A coat can_ for keeping warm.A. be used B. is used C. been used D. used15. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. made in B. are made in C. are made from D. made16. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in17. Silk _ in Suzhou and Hangzhou. A. is produced B. are p