光伏太阳能专业英语词汇

1、AC交流电AlternatingcurrentAmorphoussiliconsolarcell非晶硅太阳能电池Thin-filmsolarcellsareusuallyproducedbyevaporatingseveralsemi-conductorfilmsontoaso-calledsubstrateAmpere安培UnitindicatingthestrengthofelectriccurrentAssemblingsystem集成系统Systemtoinstallsolarmodulesonroofs,fa?adesorinthefield.Azimuthangle方位角Descr

2、ibesthedeviationfromtheSouthtowardsEast-westerndirectionBuilding-integratedPV(BIPV)UsedtodescribeastructurewherePVreplacesconventionalmaterialsandisintegratedintothebuilding.Typically,aphotovoltaicarrayisincorporatedintotherooforwallsofabuilding.RooftileswithintegratedPVcellscannowbepurchased.Arrays

3、canalsoberetrofittedintoexistingbuildings;inthiscasetheyareusuallyfittedontopoftheexistingroofstructure.Alternatively,anarraycanbelocatedseparatelyfromthebuildingbutconnectedbycabletosupplypowerforthebuilding.By-passdiode旁路二极管Conductstheelectricityautomaticallypastamoduleincaseitisshadowedinoneserie

4、s.Thisissupposedtopreventanydestructionduetooverheating.Circuit电路Asystemofconductorsthatconveyelectricity.CdTesolarcell碲化镉太阳能电池Thin-filmsolarcellmadeofverythinCdTesemi-conductorfilms(3microns)CISsolarcellThin-filmsolarcellmadeofseveralfilmsofdifferentlydopedcopper-indium-diselenideCircuitbreaker断路开关

5、Asafetydevicethatshutsoffpowerwhenitsensestoomuchcurrent.Combinerbox和路箱WheretheelectricalwiringfromthePVmodulesisjoinedtogetherinparalleltocombineelectricalcurrents.Conductor导体Amaterialthatisusedtoconveyelectricity,i.e.wires.Conversionefficiency转换效率Thepercentageofelectricitythatiscreatedbyasolarcell

6、ascomparedtotheamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatelectricity.Current电流Theflowofelectricitybetweentwopoints.Measuredinamps.DC直流电DirectcurrentEnergeticamortizationperiod能量偿还期Periodoftimeaphotovoltaicsystemrequirestoproducetheenergyrequiredforproduction.Efficiency功率Theratioofoutputenergytoinputenergy.E

7、lectricalgrid电网Alargedistributionnetworkthatdeliverselectricityoverawidearea.Electrode电极Aconductorusedtoleadcurrentintooroutofanonmetallicpartofacircuit.Energy能量Usablepower.MeasuredinkWh.Energyaudit能量审核Aprocessthatdetermineshowmuchenergyyouuseinyourhouseorapartment.Energyyield能量输出Electricenergyindic

8、atedinkWhyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystemENSEquipmenttocontrolthegridwithattributedall-polecontrolelementinseries.TheENSincludesaredundantvoltageandfrequencycontroloftheelectricitygridandevaluatesanyleapsascertainedinthegridimpedance.Ifthesetlimitsareexceeded,theENSwillswitchofftheinverter.Whenthelinevo

9、ltageisre-established,theinverterwillrestartoperationautomatically.EuropeanefficiencyrateWeightedefficiencyrateiscalculatedbyweightingdifferentpartialloadefficiencyratesandthefull-loadefficiencyrateinlinewiththefrequencyoftheirappearance.Facadesystem正面系统Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonthefacadeofabuild

10、ingoranintegralpartofafacade.Feed-inmeter输入计Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyintothepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)Mismatchinginterconnectionofbetterandworsemodulesinonestringasaconsequenceofwhichtheworstmoduleofoneseriesdeterminestheelectricity.Fieldsystem野外系统Photovoltaicsysteminstalledina

11、fieldFlat-roofsystem平台屋顶系统Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonaflatroof.Fossilfuels矿物燃料Fuelsthatareformedundergroundfromtheremainsofdeadplantsandanimals.i.e.oil,naturalgas,andcoalarefossilfuels.Globalradiation总辐射Sumofdiffuse,directandreflectedsolarradiationontoahorizontalsurface.Greenhouseeffect温室效应Whenhea

12、tfromthesunbecomestrappedintheEarthsatmosphereduetocertaingases.Greenhousegases温室气体ThegasesresponsiblefortrappingheatfromthesunwithintheEarthsatmosphere.i.e.watervapor,carbondioxide,methane,ozone,chlorofluorocarbons,andnitrogenoxides.Grid电网Adistributionnetwork,includingtowers,poles,andwiresthatautil

13、ityusestodeliverelectricity.Grid-connectedPVsystem并网光伏系统Whentheelectricitygridisavailablebutelectricityfromacleansource(solar)isdesired,solarpanelscanbeconnectedtothegrid.Providedthatsufficientpanelsareplaced,theappliancesinthehouse/buildingwillthenrunonsolarelectricity.Agrid-connectedsolarelectrici

14、tysystembasicallyconsistsofoneormoresolarpanels,aninverter,cables,theelectricloadandasupportstructuretomountthesolarpanels.Hertz(HZ)赫兹Thefrequencyofelectricalcurrentdescribedincyclespersecond,i.e.AppliancesintheUnitedStatesuse60HZ.Inverter逆变器ConvertstheDCoutputofthePVsystemintousableACoutputthatcanb

15、efeddirectlyintothebuildingload.Irradiance辐照度theamountofsolarenergythatstrikesasurfaceduringaspecifictimeperiod.Measuredinkilowatts.I-VcurveIV曲线Agraphthatplotsthecurrentversusthevoltagefromthesolarcellastheelectricalload(orresistance)isincreasedfromshortcircuit(noload)toopencircuit(maximumvoltage).T

16、heshapeofthecurvecharacterizingcellperformance.ThreeimportantpointsontheIVcurvearetheopen-circuitvoltage,short-circuitcurrent,andpeakormaximumpower(operating)point.JunctionboxThepointonasolarmodulewhereitconnects,orisstrung,toothersolarmodules.In-roofinstallation镶嵌屋顶系统Photovoltaicsystemwhichisintegr

17、atedintotheroofcladdingIslandsystem独立系统Grid-independentpowersupplysystemkWh-kilowatthourUnitindicatingenergy/workandcorrespondingwiththeperformanceofonekilowattduringaperiodofonehourkWp-KilowattpeakUnitindicatingthemaximumperformanceunderstandardtestconcitions(STC)Load负载Theamountofelectricaldemandus

18、edinthebuildingatanygiventime.Mono-crystallinesiliconsolarcell单晶硅太阳能系统Basicrawmaterialisamonocrystaldrawnfrommeltedsilicon.Multi-crystallinesiliconsolarcell多晶硅太阳能电池Basicrawmaterialissolarsiliconcastinblocks.NationalElectricalCode(NEC)国家电气代码TheU.S.minimuminspectionrequirementsforalltypesofelectricali

19、nstallations,includingsolarsystems.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(NEMA)国家电力生产商协会TheU.S.tradeassociationthatdevelopsstandardsfortheelectricalmanufacturingindustry.NRELTheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory国家可再生能源实验室Anationallabthatconcentratesonstudyinganddevelopingrenewableenergysources.Op

20、encircuitvoltage开路电压MaximumvoltageinanelectriccircuitwhichisgeneratedwhentheelectricityIequalszero(dependingontermperature).Performanceguarantee性能质保Extendedguaranteeofthemoduleproducerfortheperformanceofthesolarmodules.Performancetolerance性能公差Tolerancestatedbytheproducerwithregardstothenominalpower.

21、Poly-cristallinesolarcell多晶硅太阳能电池Seemulti-crystallinesiliconsolarcell.PSC电力供应公司Powersupplycompanies.Peakload最大负荷Thelargestamountofelectricitybeingusedatanyonepointduringtheday.Photovoltaic(PV)光伏theconversionoflightintoelectricity.ThetermphotocomesfromtheGreekphos,meaninglight.VoltaicisnamedforAlessa

22、ndroVolta(1745-1827),apioneerinthestudyofelectricityforwhomthetermvoltwasnamed.Photovoltaics,then,meanslightelectricity.Photovoltaic(PV)module光伏组件Anumberofphotovoltaiccellselectricallyinterconnectedandmountedtogether,usuallyinasealedunitofconvenientsizeforshipping,handlingandassemblingintoarrays.The

23、termmoduleisoftenusedinterchangeablywiththetermpanel.Photovoltaicarray光伏阵列Aninterconnectedsystemofsolarmodulesthatfunctionasasingleelectricity-producingunit.Photovoltaiccell光伏电池(格)Thisisthebasicunitofasolarmodulethatcollectsthesunsenergy.Photovoltaicsystem光伏系统Acompletesetofcomponentsthatconvertssunl

24、ightintousableelectricity.Rectifier整流器TransformsalternatingcurrentintodirectcurrentRoofinclination屋顶倾斜度AngleofarooftowardsthehorizontalRatedpower额定功率Nominalpoweroutputofaninverter;someunitscannotproduceratedpowercontinuously.SemiconductorAmaterialthathasanelectricalconductivityinbetweenthatofametala

25、ndaninsulator.TypicalsemiconductorsforPVcellsincludesilicon,galliumarsenide,copperindiumdiselenide,andcadmiumelluride.Short-circuitelectricity短路电流Maximumelectricityinanelectriccircuit,whichisgeneratedwhenthevoltageUattheterminalsequalszero(proportionaltosolarradiation).SolargeneratorSumofsolarmodule

26、s.Specificenergyyield能量生产率(比能率)ElectricenergyindicatedinkWhandyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystemdividedbytheinstalledperformance(kWp).StandardTestConditions-STC标准测试条件Generalconditionsunderwhichtheperfomanceofasolarmoduleismeasuredinalaboratory.Constantfactorsformeasuringare:Irradianceof1,000W/m25f;lightspectrumafterpenetrationof1.5folddensityoftheatmosphere(AM1,5);temperatureofthesolarcell25C.Supplymeter电源表Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyfromthepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)Termperaturecoefficient温度系数Indicatestowhatextenttheindividualfactorchangeswiththetemperature.Temperature-indep