如何写实验报告HowtoWriteaLabR课件

1、如何写实验报告How to Write a Lab Report张新夷物理楼243室xy-Acknowledgements/brune/phys371/how_to_write_a_lab_report.pdfHow to Write a LabReport By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D., A Guide何益鑫、张新夷 Franck-Hertz实验的物理过程 物理实验 2011年第6期近代物理实验I 学生论文关于实验报告的“三句半”抄书抄讲义，浪费时间报告写得越长得分越高，负担太重实验记录再写一遍，真没意思最好不写实验报告实验报告和学术论文实验报告和学术论文

2、有没有区别？既有又没有！(可能有1000和100的差别)同样不能抄袭同样不能粗制滥造同样要用精练、准确、科学的语言Lab ReportLab reports are an essential part of all laboratory courses and usually a significant part of your grade. A lab report is how you explain what you did in experiment, what you learned, and what the results meant. Lab Report 必须回答的问题Wha

3、t did you do ? Why did you do it ? How did you do it ? What happened ? AbstractI. Introduction A.Motivation B.Summary of the experimentII. Theoretical backgroundIII.Experimental design and procedure A. Description of the samples B. Description of the apparatus C. Description of the experimental proc

4、edureIV.Experimental results A. Row data B. Calculated dataV.Discussion/Analysis A. Method of analysis B. Discussion of results C. (Optional) Suggestions for future improvementsVI.Conclusions A. Summary of the results B. Pertinence of the results to the questions raised in the introductionReferences

5、Standard FormatResults and discussionShort Sections摘要、引言、结论Checklist Summarize the entire paper in the abstract State the problem or question under investigation in the introduction Summarize the experimental procedure in the introduction Discuss quantitative results in both the abstract and conclus

6、ions Short Sections摘要、引言、结论Checklist Summarize the entire paper in the abstract State the problem or question under investigation in the introduction Summarize the experimental procedure in the introduction Discuss quantitative results in both the abstract and conclusions Short Sections摘要、引言、结论Check

7、list Summarize the entire paper in the abstract State the problem or question under investigation in the introduction Summarize the experimental procedure in the introduction Discuss quantitative results in both the abstract and conclusions Short Sections摘要、引言、结论Checklist Summarize the entire paper

8、in the abstract State the problem or question under investigation in the introduction Summarize the experimental procedure in the introduction Discuss quantitative results in both the abstract and conclusions Short Sections摘要、引言、结论Checklist Summarize the entire paper in the abstract State the proble

9、m or question under investigation in the introduction Summarize the experimental procedure in the introduction Discuss quantitative results in both the abstract and conclusions The Procedure SectionA sketch of apparatus, or a list of equipmentA carefully hand-drawing sketch is usually betterTell wha

10、t you did with the equipment, but not be too “step-by-step” about it.Avoid (1) a numbered list of steps, and (2) narratives like this: “first we did (whatever), but that didnt work, so then we tried (something else) ”Refine your procedure to remove these false steps, and present it in enough detail

11、so that the reader can clearly understand what you did. One detail you should definitely include is the number of times you repeated in any given measurement. Provide a sketch diagram of experimental setupProvide a list and/or descriptions of equipmentDescribe all any measurements, in roughly the or

12、der in which they madeDescribe any departures from procedure described in the lab manual, if anyDescribe any steps taken to reduce experimental uncertaintyChecklist for a Procedure SectionProvide a sketch diagram of experimental setupProvide a list and/or descriptions of equipmentDescribe all any me

13、asurements, in roughly the order in which they madeDescribe any departures from procedure described in the lab manual, if anyDescribe any steps taken to reduce experimental uncertaintyChecklist for a Procedure SectionData reduction - from many numbers to the few - from raw data to calculated dataGra

14、phing - present your data graphically - “The dependence of is given in Fig. 1”Results - creative, but very careful, dont allow yourself to indulge in empty speculation about an unexpected result - avoid comments like: “Our results prove that the theory is correct.” Analysis SectionLab ReportRead you

15、r report over twice.4 or 5 single-spaced typewritten pages of text, not counting graphs. This means that few of the major sections will exceed one page in length, and some may be shorter. There are some items you should leave out of a lab report. Please dont complain about the equipment. Dont editor

16、ialize about an experiment being a “success” or “failure” in the context of agreement with accepted theories.4、结语 根据本课程的要求，每个实验的实际实验时间非常有限。本文对于赛曼效应实验的调节方面进行了分析，在达到实验所要求的精确程度的前提下，提出了一种提高调整效率的方法，可以使总体的实验效率有一定程度的提高。此外，设计了一种简易的装置，可以在不改变原实验装置的情况下，在一定程度上提高测量的精确度，部分的满足一些更深层次探究的需要。 引言：光泵磁共振实验包括了原子物理中很多的内容，其

17、中用光抽运-磁共振-光探测技术，对于原子、离子和 的研究有着非常重要的意义，使我们更加深刻了对于微观粒子结构的认识 摘要 对实验中粒子能谱进行分析，并做出简单的修正；分析实验中的其他误差。 由于记录数据的范围不够，只有粒子峰前的数据，没有记录峰之后的曲线，因此无法做出准确的多项式拟合。虽然方法不够准确，但是我绝对没有不负责任的去凑数据。我对本底一共只进行了两次拟合，第一次是因为选取的拟合范围包含了本底峰，所得出的曲线发现本底峰附近的线性并不好，因此缩小了选取的拟合范围，拟合后的线性良好。 有图看出，垂直磁感应增加，抽运信号振幅减小。随着水平磁场的磁感应强度越强，则抽运信号的振幅变化就越小。 这

18、个现象可以这样做出解释，光源通过四分之一波片后，由线偏振光成为圆偏振光。电场强度E所在平面方向始终在水平方向是始终不变的。在这里有一个概念是态迭加原理，使整个系统增大布居数差，产生偏极化。由于垂直于磁场方向的圆偏振光分量，和平行分量呈九十度，所以可以推出公式光强I正比于，所以抽运信号振幅随垂直感应强度增加减小，G-M计数管及核衰变的统计规律 摘要： 引言：实验理论1.G-M计数器 2核衰变统计规律与放射性测量的统计误差 3放射性测量数据分布规律的检验 1. 检验法 2. 频率直方图检验法 结果与讨论 1.统计规律验证 1) 低计数 2) 高计数 2.时间间隔分布规律 3双源法参考文献竖直场线圈

19、电流/mA竖直场磁感应强度/Gs/rad抽运信号振幅/mV抽运信号相对振幅700011801800.030.2267990.9494381680.933333900.060.4324080.824391480.8222221000.090.6055450.6761260.71100.120.7454190.5399361040.5777781200.150.8567060.428934880.4888891300.160.9453110.342799720.4Franck-Hertz实验的物理过程 摘要：通过对Franck-Hertz实验中的电子能量分布及其动态变化的分析，对Franck-He

20、rtz曲线的规律性波动现象作出了直观的解释。对充汞Franck-Hertz管，考虑了电子的额外加速程、汞原子的多能级共同激发以及电子与汞原子非弹性碰撞后电子具有剩余能量等因素，对Franck-Hertz实验的物理过程有了更全面的了解，并对Franck-Hertz曲线峰间距随加速电压增大而持续变大的现象作出了解释。I、引言：Franck-Hertz实验是一个经典的近代物理实验这个实验还有进一步改进和提高的空间在Franck-Hertz实验中还有一些现象有待进一步的讨论和解释关于峰间距变大的问题，G. Rapior等人已经做过相应的研究 我们认为，首先这段额外的加速过程是存在的，其次，我们认为电子在与汞原子发生非弹性碰撞后，其能量并不能完全转移，；第三，对汞原子各能级的激发的影响应当分别考虑。基于这几点考虑，我们得到了对Franck-H