代词的分类和用法

1、. .PAGE6 / NUMPAGES6代词一、代词概念 1、代词的定义：代替名词、数词、上下文的词句例：一只狗it 一个人she / he2、代词的分类一) 人称代词 二) 物主代词 三) 反身代词 四) 指示代词五 )疑问代词 六) 连接代词 七) 关系代词 八) 不定代词二、人称代词1、人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时，用人称代词的宾格； 作主格时：她是一个很小心的出租车司机。 She is a careful taxi-driver. 作宾格时：他们都非常喜欢她。 They all like her very much.2、人称代词作表语时用宾格，尤其在口语中； 谁敲门？ Who is

2、 knocking at door? 是我。 Its me.3、it 的用法a. 代替上文提到的东西 例：我的钢笔丢了，我找不到它。 My pen is missing. I cannot find it. b. 代替事件和情况 例：杰克病了。你听人说起过吗？ Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?c. 表示婴儿和未知的人 例：这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩？ Is it a boy or a girl? It is a boy. d. 代替this, that 例：What is this? This / It is a guitar. What is that?

3、 That / It is a computer.e 表示时间和天气 例：今天天气很冷。It is very cold today. 明天是星期天。It is Sunday tomorrow.f 表示地点和距离 例：离伦敦有多远？ How far is it from Beijing to London?三、物主代词1、物主代词的分类形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词2、形容词性物主代词 起到形容词作用，只能作定语 例：dictionary (字典) my dictionary3、名词性物主代词 起到名词作用，作主语、表语、宾语和与of连用作定语； 表语 例：这个小刀是我的。 The/ This

4、 knife is mine. 主语 例：我们的教室在一楼，他们的教室在二楼。 Our classroom is on the 2rd floor. Theirs is on the 3rd floor. 宾语 例：你可以用我的钢笔，我用他的。 You may use my pen, I will use his. 定语 例：他是我的一位朋友。 He is a friend of mine.4、考点：用the代替物主代词； 例：他打了她的头。 He hit her on the head. 士兵腿部受了伤。 The soldier was hurt in the leg.5、英语中，类似于“我

5、的”“你的”词语不能省略； 例：请帮我学英语。Please help me with my English. 别把手揣在兜儿里。Dont put your hands in your pocket.四、反身代词反身代词的非强调用法 1、反身代词一般作宾语；作动词的宾语，表示一个与物动词的动作重新又回到动作者本身；位置在动词后。 例：一只蜡烛照亮了别人，损耗了自己。 A candle lights others and consumes itself. 宽以待人，严于律己。 Forgive others but not yourself.2、反身代词的分类： 第一人称 myself oursel

6、ves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself /herself/ itself themselves 不定人称 oneself one selves3、有些固定的动词后加反身代词，其后的宾语补语表示主语突然不自觉的或被动的动作或状态。比如在 find（找到）/ here（听到）/ catch （抓住）等动词。 例：自信是走向成功的第一步。 Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 这部小说对向我这样的初学者来说，太难了。 The novel is too difficu

7、lt for beginners likemyself / me.4、介词反身代词1)by oneself 独自 例： He lives by himself. He did it by himself. Press the button anddoor opens by itself.2)of oneself 自动的 例： Success will not come of itself to knock at your door. The door opened of itself3)for oneself 独自 例： If you dont believe me, you go there

8、 and see for yourself. His son is old enough to do it for himself.4) in oneself 本身 例： Youd better asked patient in herself about her trouble.The invitation is in itself friendship step.5) beside oneself 欣喜若狂，高度兴奋 例： He was beside himself with joy.6) between ourselves 两者之间 例： The matter is between ou

9、rselves. among oneself 三者之间 例： They divided the apples among themselves反身代词的强调用法一般作名词或代词的同位语；1、位置可置于名词之后，句首、句尾用来加强语气。 例：The president himself will chair the meeting. The president will chair the meeting himself. I myself cant come, but I will ask someone to help. We ourselves will build our college.

10、2、可以将very own real等强调词插入反身代词中间，强调该反身代词。 例：I will go there my own self. It is her very self you saw.五、指示代词this that these those指示代词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语；1、主语 例：Is this your pen? No, it isnt. Its Marys. These are our books. That is a good idea2、表语 例：What I want is this.3、宾语 例：You like this but I like that

11、.4、定语 例： Those books are Davids. In those years, they seldom did experiment to test ideas.5、that those代表同类事物，即同类不同物； 若同类同物，则用人称代词 例： The population of China is larger than that of India.The girls in class 4 are more active than those in class 3.6、such same主语 例： Such were the facts. The same may be s

12、ad of his father. 定语 例： I dont like such weather. We live under the same roof and eat at the same table.表语 例： His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. His composition is the same as yours.宾语 例： Good health. The same to you. I wish you the same.六、不定代词不定代词的分类肯定类不定代词 all everybody both either ever

13、ything some somebody someone something a little a few否定类不定代词no nobody none neither nothing none no one nobody nothing little few1作主语 其谓语动词在人称和数的应用上，一般应具下面的规则： a. both在肯定句中作复数, either neither作单数； b. all 指人的时候，一般用复数；指物的时候，一般用单数； 例：Both of them study English but neither of them studies Japanese. All ar

14、e here at the meeting. Neither of them is good at English. 辨析：Neither of us have been to Beijing. 全部否定 Both of us havent been to Beijing. 部分否定 2作定语Many few 修饰可数名词Much little 修饰不可数名词Some any no 修饰可数名词和不可数名词 例 ：Many people have gone. Do / Would you like some water. There is a little money in my pocket

15、.不定代词的基本用法1主语 One must ones duty.2表语 Thats all I can do.3同位语 They all agree to carry out the plan quickly.4宾语 The apple is not good. Please give me another.5定语 The story is much more interesting than the other two.6状语 I spend some 2 hours doing my homework yesterday. some+时间：表示大约例： I dont think ther

16、e is anything about haircut that could make me love you any less.不定代词的辨析1some / any a. some指人或物，多用于肯定句中； 在否定句和疑问句中一般用any； 但表示一种建议的时候，采取疑问形式。 例：Will you have some tea? Here apples, wont you have some? b. any指一些时，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。 表示任何的，任何一个时，用于肯定句中。 例：You can ask any student who you meet for help. You

17、may come here at any day. He did better than any before him.2both / neither / either both (两者都) 用于肯定述句，作同位语时放在行为动词之前，be动词之后；谓语用复数。 例：You are both completely wrong. either（两者中任意一个）其后动词用单数； 例：Either of them is going to agree to this arrangement.neither (两者都不)其后动词用单数； 例：Neither of them is good at Engli

18、sh. Neither of us has been to Beijing.3each / every each强调个别；每一，每个；作主语时，谓语动词用单数 例：Each of us has a new dictionary. She knows each student of the class. There are trees on each side of the street. every强调整体；每；指三个或三个以上整体中的每一个；一般只能作形容词；一般修饰单数可数名词，表示每个都；修饰可数名词复数时，意思有差异；不能单独作主语。 例：You can learn something us