Winter swimming PPT 冬泳

1、Winter swimmingWinter swimmingFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Ice swimming)See also: Polar bear plungeWinter swimming is the activity of swimming during the winter season, typically in outdoor locations (open water swimming) or in unheated pools or lidos. In colder countries it

2、 may be synonymous with ice swimming, when the water is frozen over（结满了冰）. This requires either breaking the ice or entering where a spring prevents the formation of ice. It may also be simulated by a pool of water at 0C, the temperature at which water freezes. The International Ice Swimming Associa

3、tion requires that the water is colder than 5C for ice swimming competitions1、lidos: lid 】a public outdoor swimming pool or part of a beach used by the public for swimming, water sports, etc海滨浴场.2、synonymous：snnms having the same, or nearly the same, meaning 同义的； (with sth) so closely connected with

4、 sth that the two things appear to 等同于的3 formation:f(r)me()n the action of forming sth; the process of being formed组成；冬泳是冬季游泳期间的活动，通常在室外地点 （开放水域游泳) 或不加热的泳池或海滨浴场的活动。在寒冷的国家当水都结冰的时候，它可能是冰泳代名词。这就需要破冰或进入一个有春天可以防止冰的形成的地方。它还可通过一个池的水在 0 C 的温度冻结模拟。国际冰游泳协会要求的水是冷比 5 C 的冰泳比赛。In Eastern Europe and Russia winter

5、swimming is part of the celebration of the Epiphany. Competitions for winter swimming also exist. Many winter swimmers swim with standard swimming costumes rather than with wetsuits or other thermal protection. Famous winter swimmers include Henri Kaarma, Ram Barkai, Lynne Cox and Lewis Gordon Pugh.

6、wetsuits： wetsut a suit made of rubber that people wear for water sports such as diving and surfing潜水服Thermal： (r)m()l designed to keep you warm by preventing heat from escaping from the body保暖的；防寒的在东欧和俄罗斯的冬天游泳是庆祝主显节的一部分。冬季游泳比赛也存在。许多冬泳者游泳用标准游泳服装而不是潜水服或其他热保护。著名冬泳者包括亨利 Kaarma、 Ram Barkai、 Lynne Cox 和路

7、易斯戈登 皮尤Also, many locations in North America and Western Europe hold polar bear plunges（北极熊）（北极熊）, commonly to celebrate New Years Day, although participants are not expected to swim and generally most do not swim.此外，在北美和西欧的许多地点举行北极熊跳，通常为庆祝新年，虽然与会者不会游泳并且一般不游泳。Plunges: plnd赌博；猛冲；冒险；困难v.使投入；扔进；浸入；使陷入M

8、aintaining the hole in the ice（维持冰洞）（维持冰洞）One way that the hole is maintained at regular ice swimming places is with a pump that forces the water to circulate under the hole, preventing ice from forming. Small ice-holes can also be kept open by keeping a lid over the hole to prevent ice forming.一个方法

9、是被维持定期冰泳的这个洞是用一个泵将水循环下压，防止结冰。小冰孔也可以通过在盖子上打开一个孔保持开放，来阻止结冰。Circulate: s(r)kjlet 1（液体或气体）环流，循环when a liquid, gas, or aircirculates oris circulated , it moves continuously around a place or system2 传播；流传；散布if a story, an idea, information, etc.circulates or if youcirculate it, it spreads or it is passed

10、 from one person to anotherMost ice swimming places also use a specific heated carpet going from the locker rooms to the ice-hole， both to make walking to the hole more pleasant and for safety as otherwise the water dripping from returning swimmers would freeze and create a dangerously slippery surf

11、ace to walk on.大多数冰泳的地方就是从更衣室到冰洞也使用特定的加热“地毯”，同时当走向这个洞时，会更令人愉快并且安全返回，因为其他人游泳返回后行走时会有滴水将冻结在地面上，造成危险光滑的表面。 slippery : slpri滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走）的difficult to hold or to stand or move on, because it is smooth, wet or polishedSpecific： spsfk 1明确的；具体的detailed and exact。 2 特定的connected with one particular th

12、ing National traditionsNorthern EuropeIn Finland, Northern Russia, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia the ice swimming tradition has been connected with the sauna tradition. Unlike dousing, it is not seen as an ascetic or religious ritual, but a way to cool off rapidly after stay

13、ing in a sauna and as a stress relief.在芬兰、 俄罗斯北部、 挪威、 瑞典、 丹麦、 爱沙尼亚、 立陶宛和拉脱维亚已连接冰泳传统和桑拿传统，不像水泼，它不被视为一个苦行者或宗教仪式，但视为使迅速冷静下来享受桑拿和作为缓解压力的方式。Dousing： das v.把浸入(水中） ritual： rtul程序；仪规；礼节；（尤指）宗教仪式a series of actions that are always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremony ascetic

14、 :setk过清苦生活的；（尤指）苦行的；禁欲的Ice swimming (avantouinti) on its own is especially popular in Estonia and Finland. There is an Avantouinti Society, and swimming holes are also maintained by other groups such as the Finnish skiing association (Suomen Latu). The Finnish Sauna Society maintains an avanto for

15、sauna goers.在爱沙尼亚和芬兰的冰泳 (avantouinti) 在其自身上是特别受欢迎。有一个 冰泳的社会，和游泳洞也由其他群体维持，例如芬兰滑雪协会 (Suomen Latu)。芬兰桑拿协会为桑拿常客维持一个冰洞。Maintained：menten 是maintain的过去分词维持；保持to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc.Goers: or 常去的人a person who regularly goes to the place or event mentionedThere are lots of plac

16、es where you can swim without sauna in Finland during winter. Helsinki has several places for avantouinti, with dressing-rooms and sometimes with saunas. There is also a number of ice swimming and winter sauna locations around Tampere.在芬兰的冬季有很多地方你可以在没有桑拿的地方游泳。赫尔辛基有几个冬泳的地方，更衣室与有时与桑拿浴室连接。在坦佩雷附近也有一些冰泳和

17、冬天桑拿地点。Western EuropeUnited KingdomFamous locations include the Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park, London, and Highgate Ponds in Hampstead. The largest fresh water pool in the UK is the Tooting Bec Lido in South West London which is home to the South London Swimming Club. The pool is 100yards in length,

18、i.e. nearly twice as long as an Olympic pool. As the winter approaches and the water temperature drops then swimmers stay in for less and less time, swimming just one or two widths rather than several lengths. Races take place all year including on Christmas Day and New Years Day.Length：美:le 长；长度the

19、 size or measurement of sth from one end to the otherTemperature：美:temp()rtr 温度；气温the measurement in degrees of how hot or cold a thing or place is著名地点包括蛇纹石湖在海德公园、 伦敦和在汉普斯特德的海格特池塘。在英国最大的淡水游泳池是在南伦敦西部的Tooting Bec Lido，是伦敦游泳俱乐部的家园。该池是 100 码的长度，将近两倍于奥林匹克游泳池。作为冬季办法和水温度下降然后游泳停留越来越少的时间，游泳只是一个或两个宽度，而不是几个长度。

20、竞赛在全年举行包括关于圣诞节和元旦。Belgium（比利时）（比利时）There are some clubs where people swim all year in a pool, a lake, or a river. Locations are Bruges, Boom, Dendermonde, Wachtebeek, Theux and Huy. The most famous race is across the Meuse river each last Sunday of February since 1963.有一些俱乐部就是人们常年在池、 湖泊或河流中游泳。地点是布鲁日

21、、 Boom、 Dendermonde、 Wachtebeek、 Theux 和嘉辉。最著名的比赛是在默兹河持续到自 1963 年以来 2 月的最后一个星期日。ChinaThere are reportedly 141 winter swimming organizations across China with a membership of more than 200,000. The younger swimmers are under ten years of age and the older ones in their 80s. In Beijing, there are the

22、winter swimming places such as Shichahai(什刹海),Yu Yuantan(玉渊潭) and Xihu swimming pool in Qinghua University,etc. In Harbin, northern China, many ice swim in the Songhua River. Also Jinan is a place of annual winter swimming festival. The big event is swimming across Lake Daming about 300meters. In Ta

23、iyuan, where air temperature often goes below -10C in winter, hundreds of men and women ice swim each day in the Fen River.有据报导有141冬泳组织遍及中国有20多万会员。年轻的游泳运动员有十岁的，也有 80 多岁的老先生。在北京，冬泳的地方比如什刹海、玉渊潭和在清华大学西湖游泳池等场所。在哈尔滨，中国北方，很多在松花江水中的游泳。此外，济南是每年冬天游泳节的一个地方。大事件是跨约300米的大明湖游泳。在太原，哪里的空气温度往往低于-10 C 冬天去，每一天都有数以百计的男

24、子和妇女在芬河里游泳。Eastern Europe and RussiaAn ice hole is cut in the form of a cross in Russia to celebrate the Epiphany（主显节）.In Russia and other Eastern European countries where Eastern Orthodox Christianity is the prevalent religion ice swimming is connected with the celebration of the Epiphany. The Epip

25、hany is observed on 19 January according to the Julian calendar of the Russian Church Orthodox . The day marks the baptism of Jesus in the River Jordan. To celebrate this, holes are cut in the ice on rivers, lakes or other bodies of water, usually in the form of a Christian or Orthodox cross. Around

26、 midnight, believers submerge themselves three times in the water to honor the Holy Trinity, after a priest says a prayer.在俄罗斯和其他东欧国家东部正统基督教在那里盛行的宗教冰泳，被连接与主显节的庆祝活动。主显节是1月19日根据俄罗斯东正教的朱利安日历观察到。一天，标志着耶稣在约旦河的洗礼。为庆祝这，冰洞被切断在河流、 湖泊或其他机构的水，通常以基督徒或东正教的形式。午夜左右，信徒淹没自己三次水来纪念三位一体，之后一个牧师说，祷告Christianity: 美:krstin

27、ti n. u基督教Baptism: 美:bptzm （基督教的）洗礼，浸礼Submerge：美:sbmr(r)d （使）潜入水中，没入水中，浸没，淹没to go under the surface of water or liquid; to put sth or make sth go under the surface of water or liquidHonor：美:nr 对.表示敬意;纪念to have or show great respect and admiration for somebody or somethingPriest：美:prist 司祭，神父，司铎a per

28、son who is qualified to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox ChurchesIce swimming on the Epiphany is relatively new. It was practiced by only a few before the October Revolution of 1917 and occurred even less frequently in the time of the Soviet Union,

29、 when Christians were persecuted. However, the ritual became very popular in the 1990s since the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. In Moscow alone, 30,000 believers swam in ice holes in 37 fonts during the Epiphany of 2010. There is a popular belief that the practice erases a persons sins, but this i

30、s not endorsed by the Russian Orthodox Church. The ritual is also performed in Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.冰泳在主显节是相对较新。这是在1917 年十月革命前仅有少数的实践，甚至在前苏联时期几乎没有发生，基督徒被迫害的时候。然而，自苏联解体以来这个仪式成为了 20 世纪 90 年代非常受欢迎的。仅在莫斯科，在2010年的主显节期间30,000 信徒在 37 洗礼盘的冰洞里游泳。这里有受欢迎的一个信仰是冰泳可以擦去一个人的过错，但这不被俄罗斯东正教会赞同。仪

31、式还在白俄罗斯、 乌克兰、 哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦举行。Persecuted: persecte的过去分词 美:prskjut sb (for sth)（因种族、宗教或政治信仰）迫害，残害，压迫to treat sb in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefsSins: 美:sinz 罪，罪恶，罪过（对神的违犯或对宗教戒律、道德规范的违犯）an offence against God or against a religious or moral lawE

32、ndorsed：endorsed是endorse的过去式 美:ndrs 赞同，支持，认可to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of actionRitual：美:rtul 程序；仪规；礼节；（尤指）宗教仪式a series of actions that are always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremonyIce swimming is also practiced during the entire

33、 winter by Walrus Clubs, whose members are called walruses (Russian: , morzhi).In other Eastern European countries such as Bulgaria and Romania, the Epiphany is celebrated on 6 January. There it is tradition for Orthodox priests to cast wooden crosses in the water, which are then retrieved by the be

34、lievers. It is popularly believed that the person who finds the cross is freed from evil spirits. Other countries where this is done include Serbia and Montenegro. 在整个冬季冰泳在海象俱乐部被实行，其成员称为海象也练 (俄罗斯： ，morzhi）。在其他东欧国家，如保加利亚和罗马尼亚，主显节于 1 月 6 日庆祝。它是传统为东正教教士投木制十字架在水中，然后通过信徒来找回。人们普遍地相信找回十字架的人会脱离了邪恶的灵魂。这是其他国家

35、包括塞尔维亚和黑山也这样做。Walruses：walruses是walrus的复数 美:wlrs 海象Retrieved：retrieved是retrieve的过去式 美:rtriv sth (from sb/sth)取回；索回to bring or get sth back, especially from a place where it should not beEvil：美:iv()l 恶毒的；邪恶的enjoying harming others; morally bad and cruelNorth AmericaProfessor Sugarman, the human polar

36、 bear, circa 1900.The members of Canadian and American polar bear clubs go outdoor bathing or swimming in the middle of winter. In some areas it is unusual or ceremonial enough to attract press coverage. Polar bear plunges are conducted as fund-raisers for charity, notably the Special Olympics. Cosm

37、o Kramer briefly joins a New York polar bears club in the sitcom Seinfeld.在冬季的中旬，加拿大和美国北极熊俱乐部的成员去户外沐浴或游泳。在一些地区是不寻常或礼仪足够的来吸引新闻报道。极地熊暴跌是作为募捐的慈善机构，尤其是特奥会。Cosmo Kramer在情景喜剧宋飞中简单地加入一个纽约北极熊俱乐部中.Circa：美:srk 大约aboutCoverage：美:kv()rd 新闻报道the reporting of news and sport in newspapers and on the radio and tele

38、visionConducted：conducted是conduct的过去式美:kndkt 组织；安排；实施；执行to organize and/or do a particular activityNotably: 美:notbli 尤其；特别used for giving a good or the most important example of sthSitcom: 美:stkm cu情景喜剧a regular programme on television that shows the same characters in different amusing situationsTh

39、e Russian immigrant professor Louis Sugarman of Little Falls, NY was the first American to become a famous ice swimmer in the 1890s. He attracted worldwide attention for his daily plunge in the Mohawk River, even when the thermostat hit 23 below zero, earning him the nickname the human polar bear. T

40、he oldest ice swimming club in the United States is the Coney Island Polar Bear Club of Coney Island, New York, founded in 1903 by Bernarr MacFadden. The club organizes an annual polar plunge on New Years Day as well as regular swims in the Atlantic Ocean every Sunday from November to April. 俄罗斯移民小瀑

41、布那的教授路易斯苏格曼，在19 世纪 90 年代NY成为一个著名的冰泳者的第一个美国人。在莫霍克河他吸引了全世界的关注，甚至当恒温器的温度由23下降到低于零时，他获得了人类的北极熊的昵称。在美国最古老的冰泳俱乐部是纽约，康尼岛的康尼岛北极熊俱乐部，由 Bernarr MacFadden 创立于 1903 年。在元旦俱乐部每年举办极地跳水，以及从 11 月至 4 月的每周日在大西洋定期游泳。Immigrant：美:mrnt （外来）移民；外侨a person who has come to live permanently in a country that is not their ownTh

42、ermostat：美:rmstt 温度自动调节器；恒温器a device that measures and controls the temperature of a machine or room, by switching the heating or cooling system on and off as necessaryPlunge：美:plnd 使突然前冲（或下落）to move or make sb/sth move suddenly forwards and/or downwardsChicago has recently thrown its hat in the lak

43、e for these types of events throughout the winter season. One of the largest being the Lakeview Polar Bear Clubs annual Celebration of Shrinkage in late January.整个冬天季节时，芝加哥最近已在为这些类型的事件扔它的帽子。其中最大的是湖景北极熊俱乐部，它每年庆祝活动在 1 月下旬。Health risksWinter swimming can be dangerous to people who are not used to swimm

44、ing in very cold water. After submersion in cold water the cold shock response will occur, causing an uncontrollable gasp for air. This is followed by hyperventilation, a longer period of more rapid breathing. The gasp for air can cause a person to ingest water, which leads to drowning. As blood in

45、the limbs is cooled and returns to the heart, this can cause fibrillation and consequently cardiac arrest. 冬泳对那些不经常在冷水里游泳的人而言是危险的。之后会出现在冰冷的水休克反应，导致空气无法控制。其次是换气过度，导致呼吸更加急促。喘息的空气可能会使一个人要摄取水，导致溺水。随着血液在四肢中的冷却，并返回到心脏，这可能会导致颤动，因此心脏骤停Sumbersion: 美:sbmr()n 同“submergence” 淹没；浸没；溺水Hyperventilation: 美hapvntlen

46、 【医】换气过度Ingest: 美:ndest 摄入；食入；咽下to take food, drugs, etc. into your body, usually by swallowingDrowning: drowning是drown的现在分词 美dran 淹死，溺死to die because you have been underwater too long and you cannot breathe; to kill sb in this wayLimbs: limbs是limb的复数美:lm 肢；臂；腿；翼；翅膀an arm or a leg; a similar part of

47、 an animal, such as a wingCardiac: 美:krdik 心脏的；心脏病的connected with the heart or heart diseaseThe cold shock response and cardiac arrest are the most common causes of death related to cold water immersion. 冷休克反应和心脏骤停是冷水死亡的最常见的原因。Immersion：美:mr()n (in sth)浸没；浸the act of putting sb/sth into a liquid so

48、that they or it are completely covered; the state of being completely covered by a liquidRespiratory：美:resp()rtri 呼吸的connected with breathingDiseases: diseases是disease的 美:dziz 复数病；疾病an illness affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infectionWinter swimming isnt dangerous for healthy pe

49、rsons, but should be avoided by individuals with heart or respiratory diseases, obesity, high blood pressure and arrhythmia, as well as children and the elderly. Through conditioning, experienced winter swimmers have a greater resistance to effects of the cold shock response. 冬泳不会危害人的健康，但应避免患有心脏或呼吸系

50、统疾病、 肥胖、 血压高和心律失常的人群，以及儿童和老人。通过调节，经验丰富的冬泳者对冷休克有更大的抵抗力。Arrhythmia：美:rm 【医】心律不齐any disturbance in the rhythm of the heartbeat.Obesity: 美:obisti “obeseness”的变体 肥胖very fat or overweight; corpulentHypothermia poses a smaller risk. According to Tucker and Dugas, it takes more than approximately 30 minutes

51、 even in 0C water until the body temperature drops low enough for hypothermia to occur. Many people would probably be able to survive for almost an hour. There is no consensus on these figures however; according to different estimates a person can survive for 45 minutes in 0.3C water, but exhaustion

52、 or unconsciousness is expected to occur within 15 minutes. Consuming alcohol before winter swimming should be avoided because it speeds the onset and progression of hypothermia.体温过低带来风险较小。塔克和杜加斯，甚至在 0 C 水中它超过大约 30 分钟直到身体温度滴下降到足够低。很多人可能会无法生存几乎一个小时。在这些数字上是没有达成共识，根据对不同一个人的估计可以存活 45 分钟在 0.3 C 水中，但筋疲力尽或

53、无意识时预计在 15 分钟内。应避免在冬泳前饮用酒精，因为它加快近视和降低体温。Hypothermia：美:hapormi 体温过低a medical condition in which the body temperature is much lower than normalConsensus:knsenss (among sb). (about sth). (that)一致的意见；共识an opinion that all members of a group agree withCare should be taken when winter swimming in swimming

54、 pools and seas near the polar regions. The chlorine added to water in swimming pools and the salt in seawater allow the water to remain liquid at sub-zero temperatures. Swimming in such water is significantly more challenging and dangerous. The experienced winter swimmer Lewis Gordon Pugh swam near

55、 the North Pole in -1.7C water and suffered a frostbite injury in his fingers. It took him four months to regain the sense in his hands. 在游泳池或者极地海洋中冬泳的时候，应特别小心。添加到在泳池中的水和盐在海水中的氯可以保持液体在零度以下的温度。这种水中的游泳明显是更具有挑战性和更危险。经验丰富的冬泳者刘易斯 戈登 Pugh 在北极附近-1.7 C 水中游泳，他的手指遭受冻伤。他花了四个月重新拾回手中的感觉Chlorine：美:klrin 氯；氯气a chemical element. Chlorine is a poisonous greenish gas with a strong smell.