ielts writing lecture 2第一单元句子基本结构

1、Table of Contents: TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc309844039 第一章 简单句 PAGEREF _Toc309844039 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844040 一 主+谓 PAGEREF _Toc309844040 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844041 二 主+谓+宾 PAGEREF _Toc309844041 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844042 上期回忆 PAGEREF _Toc309844042 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844043 三 主+

2、谓+宾+补 PAGEREF _Toc309844043 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844044 1补语是形容词 PAGEREF _Toc309844044 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844045 2 补语是名词 PAGEREF _Toc309844045 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844046 3 补语是不定式 PAGEREF _Toc309844046 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844047 四 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 PAGEREF _Toc309844047 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc30984

3、4048 五 主语+系动词+表语 PAGEREF _Toc309844048 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844049 1 表语是名词 PAGEREF _Toc309844049 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844050 2表语是形容词 PAGEREF _Toc309844050 h 7 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844051 第二章 并列句 PAGEREF _Toc309844051 h 8 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844052 第三章 主从复合句 PAGEREF _Toc309844052 h 12 HYPERLINK l _T

4、oc309844053 第四章 并列复合句 PAGEREF _Toc309844053 h 13 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844054 大作文段落论证根本方式 PAGEREF _Toc309844054 h 14 HYPERLINK l _Toc309844055 Lexical Resources for Education PAGEREF _Toc309844055 h 18第一章 简单句一 主+谓Female violence has risen dramatically in recent decades.Crime does not payWithout gun, th

5、e suicide rate will go down.After the abolition of the death penalty in 1976, Canadas homicide rate has declined.Crimes and offences fall significantly.二 主+谓+宾 1 media violence can affect childrens health. 2) Gambling breeds crimes and destruction. 3) The government should constitute more rigid laws

6、 and regulations to curb the soaring crime rate.政府应该制定更强硬的法律法规去制止剧烈上升的犯罪率enact laws 制定法律4Drug addiction and gambling induce crimes. 药物成瘾和赌博诱发犯罪.5) China arrested 69780 juvenile delinquents in 2003.6) Studies have found higher crime rates in death penalty countries.7) The installation of cameras in p

7、ublic places deters would-be criminals.8) Strict gun control reduces the threat of crime.9) Legalization of guns and gambling only creates crime and related social harms.10) Extensive viewing of television violence by children causes greater aggressiveness.key words:Pornography and violence， breed滋生

8、 induce 诱发， constitute/enact laws立法 curb制止 mass media 群众媒体 juvenile delinquent 青少年行为过失者 deter 威慑 不及物动词的主谓宾Frequent physical punishment contributes to a childs late crimes.The death penalty results in the decrease in homicides.Childrens exposure to media violence leads to violent behavior and emotion

9、al desensitisation toward violence in real life.lead to = cause=result inexposureThe arise in female crimes results from domestic violence and social discrimination. result from 由于 result in 导致Gamblers rely on luck instead of education or hard work.写作段落开展手法列举法常用词：in the first place, apart from, in a

10、ddition to, moreover, furthermore, also, in addition, besides, for one thing.for another, on the other hand视角类切换 从宏观意义来说 from a helicopter view. 视角类切换 从宏观意义来说 from a helicopter view. 从微观意义上说 from a microcosmic view. 范文1 Homework has many pluses. Apart from helping students do better on tests, homewo

11、rk helps students review and practise what has been taught in class. Homework helps improve retention and understanding; furthermore, it helps students hone their time management and organizational skills.key words: plus=advantage=upsides=merit, apart from, retention 记性； furthermore, hone 磨练列举范文2 Ho

12、wever, reaching the conclusion that other subjects are no longer important is biased. The obvious benefits of subjects like music and sports for students cannot be denied. For one thing, learning music can cultivate ones temperament and foster patience and consistency which are both coveted traits f

13、or the students. For another, sports energize students; hence, they are able to plough into their studies enthusiastically and with confidence.key words: biased偏见的， deny否认， cultivate ones temperament陶冶情操， foster培养， coveted traits可贵的品质， For one thing. For another,., plough全身心地做某事 plough into, enthusi

14、astically and with confidence上期回忆主+谓+宾 The government should constitute more rigid laws and regulations to curb the soaring crime rate.政府应该制定更强硬的法律法规去制止剧烈上升的犯罪率enact laws 制定法律Pornography and violence， breed滋生 induce 诱发， constitute/enact laws立法 curb制止 mass media 群众媒体 result from 由于 result in 导致写作段落开展

15、手法列举法常用词：in the first place, apart from, in addition to, moreover, furthermore, also, in addition, besides, for one thing.for another, on the other hand视角类切换 从宏观意义来说 from a helicopter view. biased偏见的， deny否认， cultivate ones temperament陶冶情操， foster培养， coveted traits可贵的品质， For one thing. For another,.

16、, plough全身心地做某事 plough into, enthusiastically and with confidence三 主+谓+宾+补1补语是形容词Gambling may turn an ordinary man crazy. 赌博会使一个正常人发疯。 Childrens inexperience and immaturity make them vulnerable to crimes.孩子们的涉世未深和不成熟使他们对于犯罪很脆弱。Parental love and care can keep juvenile crimes low.家长们的关爱可以使的青少年犯罪率下降。Ju

17、venile delinquency青少年犯罪 青少年过失 Juvenile delinquents 青少年犯罪者Youngsters may consider violence on TV reasonable.青少年认为电视上的犯罪是合理的。5) School bullying makes students afraid of going to school.2 补语是名词We consider greed a source of evils.我们认为贪婪是邪恶的来源。Educators call TV both a good and bad information source.教育学家

18、认为电视是好的信息来源，也是不良信息的来源。Loose gun-control laws make the state an attractive place for criminals.宽松的枪支管理法律使国家洲变成一个吸引罪犯的地方。Taking away guns leaves innocent people sitting ducks.带上枪支使得无辜的人坐以待毙。A lot of women consider luxury goods a life necessary.很多女子认为奢侈品是生活所需。3 补语是不定式1) The internet enables users to ac

19、cess violence and pornography easily.互联网让用户轻易接触暴河蟹 力和色河蟹情。Violence and pornography = violent and pornographic contents/scenes= blood and nudity=indecent/inappropriate/offensive materials2) Parents should encourage their children to take part in more rewarding activities. 家长们应该鼓励他们的孩子们去参加有益的活动。3) Par

20、ents always expect their children to be head and shoulders over others.家长们总期待他们孩子比别人高人一等。Head and shoulders = superior to I find it wasteful and extravagant for the government to fund artists.我认为政府补贴艺术家是奢侈浪费的。名词 noun 动词 verbFund fundFinance financeSubsidy subsidize可用主谓宾补结构的动词又 find, consider, feel,

21、deem四 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语1 Gambling could bring us a substantial increase in crimes.赌博给我们带来了显著上升的犯罪率。2 Violent and pornographic scenes on mass media present children a bad example.群众媒体上的暴河蟹力和色河蟹情场景给孩子们树立了坏的典范。3 Community service offers wrongdoers an opportunity to correct their misconduct.社区效劳给行为过失者罪犯一个改正自己

22、不良行为的时机。Wrongdoers人 wrongdoings=misconductVerb sth to/for sb=Verb sb sthBuild sb sth =build sth for sbGive sth to sb=give sb sthExercise A: Which one of the following sentences is grammatically wrong?(1) I find you a good teacher(2) I will find you a good teacher(1) 我觉得你是个好老师 主谓宾补(2) 我会为你找个好老师 主谓宾宾E

23、xercise B: Which one of the following sentences is grammatically wrong?(1) She will make him a good wife. (2) She will make him a good husband.(1) 主谓宾宾 她为了他会变成好妻子。(2) 主谓宾补 她会使他成为好丈夫。 Exercises: fill in the blanks with the words and expressions given belowWhile offering us entertaining and instructiv

24、e information, mass media also brings us several negative impacts. Advertisements not only disturb TV programs, but also exaggerate a lot so that the truth of products is often_(1)_ . On top of this, mass media is often flooded with_(2)_and_(3)_. As a result of this, _(4)_ get addicted to such_(5)_,

25、 which may _(6)_ _(7)_. _(8)_ to _(9)_materials, video games and the Internet usually provide us with a virtual world where young people sometimes hardly distinguish reality from fantasy and people may be distracted from their work or study.In summary, the government has its duty to_(10_)_more rigid

26、 laws to prevent the proliferation of offensive materials; therefore people, especially_(11)_ can lead a healthy life and_(12)_into their work or study.Enact, violence, plough, adolescents, juveniles, distorted, pornography, in addition, result in, scenes, indecent, juvenile crimes五 主语+系动词+表语常用系动词有：

27、be, become, turn, grow, remain, keep, hold, stay, sound, look, smell, taste, feel, seem, prove1 表语是名词1Death penalty is a deterrent to violent crimes. 死刑是对暴力犯罪的一种震慑力。 Death penalty= capital punishment2) Censorship is a controversial subject, as well as a popular topic of debate. 审查制度是一个有争议的课题，也是人们讨论的

28、话题。互联网审查制度 Internet Censorship3) By and large, young people are the pillars of society. 总的来说，年轻人是社会栋梁。4) Poverty is one of the reasons for youngsters to skip schools and commit crimes. 贫穷是年轻人逃学和犯罪的原因之一。5Long jail terms are an effective warning and deterrent. 长期监禁是有效的警告和震慑。6Wrongdoers are potential t

29、hreats to law-abiding citizens. 对于遵纪守法的公民来说，犯罪者是潜在的威胁。 abide by=comply with= observe 遵守7Resisting a criminal with a gun is the safest thing to do. 用枪去抵抗犯罪者是最平安的做法。8) Television can be a powerful influence in developing value systems and shaping behavior. 电视对于价值观的养成和行为的塑造具有强大的影响力。Effect, influence, i

30、mpactHave/exert a(an).influence/impact/effect on/upon sth.9) The breakdown of the family is the real root cause of violent crimes.家庭破裂是暴力犯罪的根源.10) Banning offensive materials is a way of keeping them out of minors hands.Minorperson under the age of full legal responsibility 在英国指18岁以下未成年人Key words an

31、d expressions:Wrongdoers， wrongdoings=misconduct， Death penalty= capital punishment，Internet Censorship， By and large=generally speaking, pillar栋梁， poverty 贫穷, skip schools逃学， commit crimes犯罪, abide by=observe=comply with 遵守，Have/exert a(an).influence/impact/effect on/upon sth. 2表语是形容词The penalties

32、for criminals should be severe. 对犯罪的处分必须严厉。Some online materials could be potentially harmful. 一些网上的东西可能有潜在危害。Prevention of crimes is better than punishment or penalties of the crimes. 防范犯罪胜于处分犯罪。Government censorship on the Internet is possible. 政府的互联网的监督是可能的。Policemen with pistols seem awful and i

33、nviolable. 佩戴枪支的警察感觉威严不可侵犯。ViolateInvade freedom Intrude on ones right(s) to do sth/ of sthInfringe on privacyViolation , invasion intrusion, infringement (侵犯) Ones right of subsistence=ones right to live剥夺某人的权利 deprive sb of sth. DeprivationViolence on the screen is to some extent responsible for a

34、 perceived increase in real violence. 电视上的暴力在某种程度上是现实生活暴力犯罪率上升的来源。The suggestion of a community service sounds convincing. 社区效劳的建议听上去很有说服力。Key words and expressions:Inexperience 不谙事故，immaturity不成熟，Juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪 青少年过失，Juvenile delinquents青少年犯罪者，sitting duck.坐以待毙的人，Violence and pornography

35、 = violent and pornographic contents/scenes= blood and nudity=indecent/inappropriate/offensive materials，Head and shoulders = superior to 高人一等， extravagant奢侈的浪费的，名词 noun 动词 verbFund fundFinance financeSubsidy subsidizeWrongdoers， wrongdoings=misconduct， Death penalty= capital punishment，Internet Cen

36、sorship， By and large=generally speaking, pillar栋梁， poverty 贫穷, skip schools逃学， commit crimes犯罪, abide by=observe=comply with 遵守，Have/exert a(an).influence/impact/effect on/upon sth. 主系表翻译,用系动词翻译一下话那个苹果变红了天渐渐变黑了我证明我个社会栋梁之才(4) 航母成为海上的震慑力 aircraft carrier(5) 动物实验感觉不人道的，因为这侵犯了动物的生存权。(1) That apple turn

37、s red.(2)It begins to grow dark.(3)I prove myself (to be) the pillar of society.(4) An aircraft carrier turns a deterrent on the sea. (5) Experiments on animals seem inhumane, since the practice violates animals right of subsistence.Confront， sb with sb /sth People confront environmental problems.=

38、People are confronted with environmental problems.The environmental problems confront us.People face environmental problems= People are faced with environmental problems.=Environmental problems face us.保持平稳的16种说法 系动词Remain stableKeep steadyHold constantStay level第二章 并列句Exercise: Which sentences belo

39、w are grammatically wrong?It is raining, I stay at home.It is raining， therefore I stay at home.It is raining. Therefore, I stay at home.It is raining; therefore, I stay at home.下雨了，所以我呆在家里面。和是错的，和是对的。逗号连接前后两句，两个主谓结构，这个不是并列句。用了分号，表示前面句句子的完结是可以的。Advertisement is powerful. Therefore it affects peoples

40、 buying behaviour.Advertisement is powerful; therefore it affects peoples buying behaviour.Advertisement is powerful, therefore affecting peoples buying behaviour.顺承 and, not onlybut also选择 or, otherwise比照 whilewhilst whereas转折 but, yet因果 for, soChild abuse is a crime and law enforcement agencies ha

41、ve a legal duty to stop it. 顺承虐待孩子是种犯罪,执法部门有法律上的义务去阻止它.Duty, responsibility, obligationOblige oneself to do sth Be obliged to do sthI am much obliged=Thank youLaw is not only to punish wrongdoers but also it is to regulate and supervise ones behavior. 顺承 法律不仅仅是惩罚犯罪者，而且也管制和监督人的行为。严厉的处分应该加于那些违反交通的人，否那

42、么他们不会遵守交通规那么abide by=observe=comply with 遵守impose sth on sb/sth 强加某事于某物 或者征税 impose a heavy financial/economic burden/strain on sb.Ease/relieve ones financial/economic burden/strain. impose a fine on sb 罚款。Impose a further tax on wines and spirits.对果酒以及烈酒进一步加税。Some offenders are good in nature, but

43、they go astray under some negative influence. 转折一些犯罪者本性善，但是他们在一些负面影响下误入歧途。Go astray 误入歧途。Some kill people only to defend themselves while others are trigger-happy.比照 一些人杀人只是为了我防御而一些人只是好战的。Trigger- happy (adj. informal ): ready to react violently, esp by shooting, even when only slightly provoked.爱做出

44、剧烈反响的，动辄开枪的Many stores and families install surveillance cameras but many people go against the practice. 许多商店家庭安装了摄像头，不过许多人反对这种做法。Surveillance camera监督的那种摄像头Some people think that criminals should be put into jail while others insist that re-education is the better way for criminals.一些人认为罪犯应该被关进监狱然

45、而其他一些人认为再教育对于罪犯来说是更好的方法。写作中引出你观点，表示你想法的一些动词有：think, believe, argue, arguably, maintain, insist, hold, contend, suggestContend: put forward sth as ones opinion; argue; assert 主张某事物， 争辩， 认为I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.我认为失业是我们社会最为严重的弊病。 Owning a gun is illegal in m

46、ost countries for it is considered dangerous.在许多国家拥有枪支是违法的，因为这被认为是危险的。Revision上次我们学了什么句法？有几种关系？句法如何构成的？上次我们学了什么好的词汇和表达方式？虐待孩童， 执法机构， 给某人罚款，死刑，犯罪者，侵犯某人的权利，剥夺某人某物，性本善, 误入歧途, 遵守, 遵纪守法的市民, 动辄开枪的, 公共场合的监督摄像头, 做法Child abuse, law enforcement agency, impose a fine on somebody, capital punishment=death penal

47、ty, criminal=delinquent=wrongdoer=offender=violator, violate/invade ones right=intrude/infringe on ones right, deprive somebody of something, good in nature, go astray, abide by=observe=comply with=observe, law-abiding citizens, trigger-happy, surveillance camera, practice.学到了什么思路？如何震慑，预防，降低犯罪率？严格的法

48、律，摄像头，死刑，教育？用简单句或者并列句翻译。如今暴力犯罪率大幅度上升。政府应该制定严格的法律来制止急速上升的犯罪率。比方说，死刑对于暴力是一种震慑力。另外，在公共场合安装摄像头可以威吓有可能犯罪的人。再者，预防犯罪甚于处分犯罪，所以教育在减少青少年犯罪中起着重要的作用。Now the rate of violent crimes goes up considerably. The government should enact/constitute more rigid laws to curb the soaring crime rate. For example, death pena

49、lty is a deterrent to violence. Moreover, the installation of surveillance cameras in public places deters would-be criminals. Furthermore, prevention of crimes is better than punishment of crimes, so education plays a pivotal role in reducing juvenile delinquency.并列句之间可以用分号加连接副词想连接，与分号搭配的副词主要有 howe

50、ver, nevertheless, therefore, thus, as a result, consequently, instead, in contrast, on the contrary, at the same time, meanwhile, in the mean time, for example, for instance, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, on the other hand, similarly等等。Which one of the sentences is gram

51、matically incorrect? a) Internet access is very useful for looking up information; however, a student is highly likely to find indecent materials on the Internet.b) Internet access is very useful for looking up information. However, a student is highly likely to find indecent materials on the Intern

52、et.c) Internet access is very useful for looking up information, however, a student is highly likely to find indecent materials on the Internet.a和(b)对，(c)错的However 不能连接两句话，只能用分号隔离，或者插入语。I would, however, be perfectly satisfied if you can help me review my physics. 其他例句In many countries, minors can h

53、ave access to offensive materials; therefore, providing the children with moral guidance is the best solution. 在许多国家，未成年人可以接触到不好东东，所以给以孩子们道德上指引是最好的方法。Moral 道德的Western countries have all abolished the death penalty, except the United States; still, murder rates are much higher in the country than oth

54、ers. 所有的西方国家都废除了死刑，除了美国，但是那国家的谋杀率比其他国家都要高。不一定客观，只是学语法，不要较真。Abolish 废除(法律，习俗，制度) 名词 abolition Murderers are not humans; hence, they cannot be treated as humans.谋杀犯不是人，所以他们不能像人类一样对待。Key words and expressions:abide by=observe=comply with 遵守 impose sth on sb/sth 强加某事于某物 或者征税 impose a heavy financial/eco

55、nomic burden/strain on sb.Ease/relieve ones financial/economic burden/strain. Impose fine on sb 罚款。Impose a further tax on wines and spirits.对果酒以及烈酒进一步加税。Go astray 误入歧途, trigger happy.爱做出剧烈反响的，动辄开枪的, Surveillance camera, 写作中引出你观点，表示你想法的一些动词有：think, believe, argue, arguably, maintain, insist, hold, c

56、ontend, suggestmoral 道德的, abolish 废除(法律，习俗，制度) 名词 abolition 翻译： 不仅是个多用途的工具，也是个时尚的的标志。 (not only.but also)我愿变成童话里你爱的那个天使，张开双手守护你。 (and)3) 远离赌博，否那么你会误入歧途。4) 那个书虫在全心全意地读书，相反，我却分心了。(Bookworm, plough, contrary, distract) 5) 当那个书虫在全心全意读书的时候，我却分心了。 (While)6) 动物实验给我们带来了医药方面的突破，但是我认为这剥夺了动物的生存权。 ( breakthroug

57、h, but, however, argue, deprive, right to live/right of subsistence)7) 警察罚了你100美金，因为你违反了交通法。(impose a fine on sb, violate)1) A mobile phone is not only a multifunctional tool, but also it is a symbol of fashion.2) I am willing to be your beloved angel in the fairy tale and protect you with my open a

58、rms.3) Keep away from gambling, or you will go astray.4) That bookworm ploughs into study. On the contrary, I am distracted.5) While that bookworm ploughs into study, I am distracted.6) Experiments on animals bring us breakthroughs in medicine, but I argue that the practice deprives animals of their

59、 right to live.Experiments on animals bring us breakthroughs in medicine. However, I insist that the practice deprives animals of their right of subsistence.Experiments on animals bring us breakthroughs in medicine; however, I contend that the practice deprives animals of their right to live.7) The

60、policeman imposed a 100-dollar fine on you, for you violated the traffic law.第三章 主从复合句1) Sufficient evidence has shown that there is a high rate of re-offence.充足的证据显示有很高的再犯罪率。2) Juvenile delinquents are unlikely to repeat in adulthood mistakes that they have made in adolescence. 青少年犯罪者不太可能在成年后再重复他们青