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1、Grammar 11. Paris is visited by more than million tourists every year.2. The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.3. Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.4. The Parthenon was built during this period.5

2、. The World Wide Web was invented in1991 by anEnglish scientists, Tim Berners-Lee. 6. Beethoven met Haydn in 1791, but was not impressed by the older man. 7. This was shown at a local cinema and made $ 100. 8. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.to test your sense of observatio

3、nto test your ability of short-term memory Guess1. Paris _ by more than million tourists every year.2. The Sagrada Familia _by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.3. Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures _ by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.4. The Parthenon _ during this period.is

4、visitedwas designedwere producedwas builtgo Ready?5. The World Wide Web _ in 1991 by an English scientists, Tim Berners-Lee. 6. Beethoven met Haydn in 1791, but _ by the older man. 7. This _ at a local cinema and made $ 100. 8. Athens _as the birthplace of western civilisation.was inventedwas not im

5、pressedwas shownis known What are the differences between the two sentences? Which is emphasized in each sentence?More than eight million tourists visit Paris every year.Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every years. A . Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.B

6、The Parthenon was built during this period.C The bookC The book is writtenis written for teachers.for teachers. Why is the word by not in the Sentences 形式形式时态时态助动词助动词be的变化形式的变化形式+ 实意动词的过去分词实意动词的过去分词现在一般时态现在一般时态一般过去时态一般过去时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般过去将来时态一般过去将来时态现在进行时态现在进行时态过去进行时态过去进行时态现在完成时态现在完成时态过去完成时态过去完成时态将来

7、完成时态将来完成时态过去将来完成时态过去将来完成时态 am (is , are ) was ( were) shall ( will) be should (would) be am(is, are) being was (were ) being has (have) been had been shall (will) have been should (would) have been+doneFlorence is visited by about a million tourists each year.London was visited by ten million people

8、 last year.The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonado da Vinci.The Mona Lisa wasnt painted by Picasso.The great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers.Check your answers:2No, it isnt . Its located in Paris.No, it isnt . It is situated on the River Seine.No, it isnt . Its visited by one million to

9、urists every year.No, it isnt. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization.No, it isnt . The Parthenon was built 2,400 years ago.Check your answers:31 She sent me a novel on my birthday.I was sent a novel on my birthday by her. A novel was sent to me on my birthday by her. 2 The story

10、made us laugh.We were made to laugh by the story3 They asked me to help them.I was asked to help them4 We saw them coming over.They were seen coming over.5 We call her RoseShe is called Rose 6 The workers are building a new bridge. A new bridge is being built(by the workers).7 I can not find my dict

11、ionary.My dictionary can not be found by me.change the sentences into passive voicechange the sentences into passive voice注意注意: 有些动词形式上主动却表示被动有些动词形式上主动却表示被动My pen writes well. 我的笔好使。The cloth washes well. 这个料子耐洗。The poem reads smoothly.这首诗读起来很流畅。The door will not open. 这扇门打不开。The sign reads as follo

12、ws. 这牌子告示如下 主谓一致主谓一致 Subject - Verb Agreement1. I _ a teacher. You _ my student. He _ my student, too.2. Just like Tom and George, he _ interested in PC games. They _ all interested in PC games.3. More than one person _ injured in the accident yesterday.4. My family _ a large one. Now the whole fami

13、ly _ watching the Beijing Olympics.5. Not only the students but also the teacher _ not know how to work out this maths problem.6. The teacher as well as the students _not know how to work out this maths problem.7. 10,000 years _ too long a time. We must make full use of each day.8. The famous singer

14、 and dancer _ visited most of the famous places of interest in our city.9. 70% of the surface of the earth _ covered by water. 10. Two thirds of our class _ from the countryside. The rest _ city residents.amareisisarewasisaredoesdoesisisisareare主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则 形式一致形式一致 意义一致意义一致 就近一致就近一致 一、一、 形式一致形式一致

15、: 1人称一致:人称一致:I am-; You are-; He is -等。等。 2单单/复数一致:复数一致:主语主语(单数)单数)+ 谓语谓语(单数单数) 主语主语(复数复数)+ 谓语谓语(复数复数)1)一般情况:)一般情况: Water covers about 70% of the surface of the earth.2) 特殊情况特殊情况例子例子1:Many a teenager _ online games. =Many teenagers _ online games. More than one student _ failed the exam. 要点要点1:many

16、a+单数名词单数名词/more than one+单数名词单数名词作主语作主语, 谓语要用谓语要用单数单数形式。形式。The teacher as well as the students _ (be) unable to work out the problem. Mike, like his brother, _(enjoy) chess. 要点要点2:当主语部分含有:当主语部分含有with,together with,along with,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词时,谓语动词与它们前面的主语一致与它们前面的主语一致。 Al

17、l of us except Tom _ (be) fond of football.例子例子3:Each boy and each girl _ the right to receive education. (have)Every man and every woman _ at work now.(be)要点要点3:each/every+单数名词单数名词+and +each/every+单数单数名词名词+谓语动词单数谓语动词单数例子例子4:This pair of shoes _Toms. There _two pairs of shoes on the table. 要点要点4:当:当

18、a kind of, a pair of, a glass of 等表示确定数量的等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,名词短语修饰主语时,谓语与谓语与kind, pair, glass等一致等一致。例子例子5:.Each of them _ an English dictionary. Neither/Either of the answers _ correct. 要点要点5:each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓作主语,谓语动词用语动词用单数单数。 二、二、 意义一致意义一致: 1. 集合名词作主语集合名词作主语例子:例子:Our c

19、lass _a big one. The whole class _ getting along well with each other.要点:要点:family, class, group, team, population等集体名等集体名词作主语词作主语, 若指若指一个整体一个整体时,谓语动词用时,谓语动词用单数单数形式,若形式,若指指全部成员全部成员时,谓语动词时,谓语动词复数复数形式。形式。 His family _ a happy one. All his family _(like) watching TV. 但:但:people, the police, cattle等集体名词

20、作主语,等集体名词作主语,谓语动词只能用谓语动词只能用复数复数形式。例如:形式。例如: 警察正在搜查那幢大楼。警察正在搜查那幢大楼。The police _ searching the building.2. 数量词短语作主语:数量词短语作主语:例子:例子:Two months _ a long holiday. Twenty pounds _ not so heavy. 要点:表示要点:表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长时间,价格,重量,数目,长/宽宽/高度高度等的短等的短语作主语时,这些通常作一个语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念整体概念,谓语用,谓语用单数单数形形式。式。 1 0英里并不是一

21、段很长的距离。英里并不是一段很长的距离。 20美元对这本书来说太贵了。美元对这本书来说太贵了。3. 分数分数, part, the rest等表示等表示部分意义部分意义的词作主语的词作主语例子:例子:Two thirds of the area _ covered with forest. Some of them are teachers. The rest _ students. Three quarters of the food _ been sold out.要点:要点:分数分数, part, the rest等等作主语时,谓语动词的形式作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据意义来确定,即根据

22、意义来确定,即由由of后的名词或代词决定后的名词或代词决定。4. 动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语 例子:眼见为实例子:眼见为实_/_. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 要点:动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,表示要点:动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,表示抽象意抽象意义义,谓语动词用,谓语动词用单数单数形式形式5. “单数名词单数名词+ and+单数名词单数名词”作主语作主语例子:例子:The writer and teacher _ coming. The writer and the teacher _ coming. 要点:

23、由要点:由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但形式,但and所连接的并列主语是所连接的并列主语是同一个对象同一个对象时,谓语时,谓语动词用动词用单数单数。The head teacher and English teacher of Class 1 _ very humorous.6. 以以s 结尾的名词作主语结尾的名词作主语 1)No news _ good news. news, maths, physic, economics等等 + 单数单数谓语谓语 2)All means _ been tried, but with no suc

24、cess. Every means _ been tried, but with no success. The teacher, together with the students, _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.(2009四川高考四川高考17题题) A. are ; were B. is ; were C. are ; was D. is ; was means(方法方法, 手段手段)/ works(工厂工厂)+ 单单/复数复数(由意义决定由意义决定); clothes + 复数谓语复数谓语;

25、国名国名/人名人名/书名等书名等 + 单数谓语单数谓语7. number例子:例子: A number of famous people _ invited to the party. The number of the students in our grade _ 900. 要点:要点:a number of+复数名词复数名词+谓语复数谓语复数; the number of +复数名词复数名词+谓语单数。谓语单数。8. the+形容词作主语形容词作主语例子:例子:As a matter of fact, the poor _often very happy, but the rich _

26、sad. (一类人)(一类人) The beautiful _(live) forever. 美是永存的。(抽象概美是永存的。(抽象概念)念)要点:要点:the+形容词形容词(一类人一类人) + 谓语复数;谓语复数; the+形容词形容词(抽象概念抽象概念) + 谓语单数。谓语单数。9. A as well as B及及A rather than B作主语作主语例子:例子:The old man as well as his sons _ studying in university. 要点:要点:A as well as B及及A rather than B作主语时,意义上作主语时,意义上强

27、强调调A,谓语动词,谓语动词与与A 一致一致。 It is you, rather than I, that _ always breaking the traffic rules.三、三、 就近一致就近一致:谓语动词与后面的主语一致:谓语动词与后面的主语一致1部分并列连词部分并列连词Not only the teacher but also his students _ (like) playing football. You or Jack _ wrong. Either you or I _ crazy.Neither the students nor the teacher _(thi

28、nk) it is an easy problem.Not the driver but the two injured young men _ (be) responsible(负责负责) for the accident. 但:但:Both his father and his mother _ both teachers. 2以以here,there开关的句子开关的句子例子:例子:There _ a pen and some books on the desk. 要点:要点:以以here,there开关的句子若主语在两个或两个以上,开关的句子若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主

29、语一致。谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。 Here are some books and paper for you. Read the examples and answer the questions.3Neither Amy nor Helen is English.Neither of them is English.None of them has arrived yet.Each country in the United Kingdom has a capital city.e. Each of them has capital city.Do the first and seco

30、nd sentences mean the same thing?Do we know how many people the third sentence refers to?The fourth and fifth sentences refer to countries. Do we know how many countries they refer to?Yes, they do.Only that it is more than two No we dont , except that there must be two or more.Rewrite the sentences

31、using neither, none or each.4 Neither Amy nor Helen speaks Chinese. Each country in Europe has a good soccer team. Neither France nor Germany is going to sign the agreement.4) None of the whole class wants to study Japanese.Check your answers:主谓一致练习主谓一致练习1.Every teacher and every student _ found a S

32、tudents Union. A. has B. have C. expects to D. hope to2.Nobody but them_ to know about the matter. A. want B. wants C. have wanted D. were wanted3.Nothing but trousers _ in that small shop. A. was worth of 20 dollars B. were worth 20 dollars C. was cost 20 dollars D. was paid 20 dollars CBD4.The dic

33、tionary as well as the books that _ pictures in them _ to her. A. has; belongs B. have; are belonged C. has; belong D. have; belongs5.Twenty percent of the work of the whole year _finished by their group last month. A. has been B. had been C. were D. was6.A knife and fork _ on the table. A. is B. are C. has been D. have being7.Neither his parents nor his wife _anything about it. A. know B. know

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