CCNA教材课件第6章 操作与配置Cisco IOS设备

1、第六章操作与配置Cisco IOS设备本章目标通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容:CISCO IOS基础CISCO交换机的初始启动CISCO路由器的初始启动和配置Cisco IOS 软件提供多种网络服务进而支持各种网络应用.Cisco 互连网操作系统(IOS)软件网络设备的配置基于以下各方面来配置设备: 所需功能的网络策略 与协议关联的地址和相关参数 管理方面的需要 交换机将出厂缺省设置作为初始配置如果路由器中没有配置文件，会提示进入初始化设置过程 可以通过多种途径来配置配置直接在设备的内存中生效控制端口Aux 端口端口PC or Unix服务器Web 或网络管理服务器 虚拟终端多种途径的配置

2、TelnetTFTP提供命令行界面在不同的网络设备上运行时有差别 在命令模式下可以键入或粘贴命令 键入命令后回车，设备即解析和执行所键入的命令两个主要命令模式是用户模式和特权模式不同的命令模式有不同的提示符CiscoIOSCisco IOS用户界面的基本特性User Mode对交换机和路由器的有限操作命令提示符为 hostname主要有两个命令模式提供命令键入.模式一:Cisco IOS的主要命令模式Privileged(或enabled)模式对交换机和路由器更深入的操作有配置和监视权力是进入其它配置模式的前提命令提示符为 hostname#模式二 (也是最常用的模式):Cisco IOS的主

3、要命令模式(续)系统启动例程会初始化交换机初始启动利用缺省配置参数1. 启动前确认正确连接线缆和控制线2. 接入电源3. 观察启动顺序面板上的指示灯LEDsCisco IOS输出到控制台上的内容交换机的初始启动Catalyst 2900 交换机指示灯(LEDs)Catalyst 2950 交换机指示灯(LEDs)交换机自检期间的端口指示灯 1. 启动时，所有端口指示灯变绿.2. 每个端口自检完毕，对应的指示灯熄灭.3. 如果端口自检失败, 对应指示灯呈黄色.4. 如果有任何自检失败情况，系统指示灯呈现黄色.5. 如果没有自检失败, 自检过程完成.6. 随着自检过程的完成, 指示灯闪亮后熄灭.C

4、atalyst 1900交换机初次启动时的显示信息控制台连接Catalyst 1900 Management ConsoleCopyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998All rights reserved.Enterprise Edition SoftwareEthernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0PCA Number: 73-3121-01PCA Serial Number: FAA0252A0QXModel Number: WS-C1924-ENSystem Serial Number: FAA0304S0U3Pow

5、er Supply S/N: PHI025101F3-1 user(s) now active on Management Console. User Interface Menu M Menus K Command Line I IP ConfigurationEnter Selection: Catalyst 2950交换机初次启动时的显示信息 - System Configuration Dialog - At any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dial

6、og at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Continue with configuration dialog? yes/no: yesEnter IP address: ip_addressEnter IP netmask: ip_netmaskWould you like to enter a default gateway address? yes: yesIP address of the default gateway: ip_addressEnter a host name: host_nameEnter e

7、nable secret: secret_passwordWould you like to configure a Telnet password? yes yesEnter Telnet password: telnet_passwordWould you like to enable as a cluster command switch? noEnter cluster name: cls_name控制台登入交换机并键入特权模式密码 enableEnter password:# disable用户模式提示特权模式提示上下文关联帮助错误信息提示指出所输入交换机命令的错误所在，以便于修改或

8、纠正.可以重新调出一个较长或较复杂的命令或其它内容，用来再次运行、查看或修改. 之前命令保存区交换机命令行帮助机制提供命令清单和与特定命令相关联的参数. Switch#show interfacesSwitch#show version显示交换机初始启动的状态Switch#show running-config显示交换机的各种运行状态wg_sw_a#show ipwg_sw_c#show versionCisco Catalyst 1900/2820 Enterprise Edition SoftwareCopyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998wg

9、_sw_c uptime is 15day(s) 21hour(s) 53minute(s) 11second(s) cisco Catalyst 1900 (486sxl) processor with 2048K/1024K bytes of memoryHardware board revision is 5Upgrade Status: No upgrade currently in progress. Config File Status: No configuration upload/download is in progress 27 Fixed Ethernet/IEEE 8

10、02.3 interface(s)Base Ethernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0交换机之show version 命令wg_sw_c#show runBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!hostname wg_sw_c!ipip!interface Ethernet 0/1interface Ethernet 0/24!Interface Ethernet 0/25!interface FastEthernet 0/26!interface FastEthernet 0/27交换机之show runnin

11、g-configuration 命令wg_sw_c#show runBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!hostname wg_sw_c!ipip!interface Ethernet 0/1interface Ethernet 0/12!Interface Ethernet 0/25!interface FastEthernet 0/26!interface FastEthernet 0/27Catalyst 1924Catalyst 1912wg_sw_c#show interfaces ethernet 0/1Ethernet 0/

12、1 is Enabled Hardware is Built-in 10Base-TMTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbits802.1d STP State: Forwarding Forward Transitions: 1Port monitoring: DisabledUnknown unicast flooding: Enabled Unregistered multicast flooding: Enabled Description: Duplex setting: Half duplex Back pressure: Disabled-More-交换机之sho

13、w interfaces命令wg_sw_a#show ip Management VLAN: 1Domain name: HTTP server : EnabledHTTP port : 80RIP : Enabledwg_sw_a#查看交换机的IP地址系统启动例程会初始化路由器如果需要，路由器可以有选择性地回退启动Check hardwareFind and load Cisco IOSsoftware image Find and apply routerconfiguration information Load Bootstrap1.启动前确认正确连接线缆和控制线2.按下电源开关3.观

14、察启动顺序 Cisco IOS输出到控制台上的内容Cisco路由器的初始启动没有配置文件与有配置文件的路由器启动对比- System Configuration Dialog -Continue with configuration dialog? yes/no:yes At any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Setup模式wg_ro_c

15、 con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用户模式提示wg_ro_c路由器启动时在控制台上的输出内容控制台Setup: 初始配置对话框 Router#setup - System Configuration Dialog -Continue with configuration dialog? yes/no: yesAt any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Def

16、ault settings are in square brackets .Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system, extended setup will ask youto configure each interface on the systemWould you like to enter basic management setup? yes/no: no预先浏览端口配置情况First, would you like to see the curre

17、nt interface summary? yes:Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolBRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downBRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down downBRI0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down downEthernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downSerial0 un

18、assigned YES unset administratively down down自检过程中所找到的端口设置全局参数初始化全局参数Configuring global parameters: Enter host name Router:wg_ro_c The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration.

19、Enter enable secret: cisco The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password: sanfran The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virt

20、ual terminal password: sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management? no:设置全局参数(续)初始化协议配置 Configure LAT? yes: no Configure AppleTalk? no: Configure DECnet? no: Configure IP? yes: Configure IGRP routing? yes: no Configure RIP routing? no: Configure CLNS? no: Configure IPX? no: Configure Vines? no: Config

21、ure XNS? no: Configure Apollo? no:设置端口参数BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : 0 none.Only if you dont want to configure BRI. 1 basic-1tr6.1TR6 switch type for Germany 2 basic-5ess.AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada 3 basic-dms100.Northern DMS-100 switch

22、type for US/Canada 4 basic-net3.NET3 switch type for UK and Europe 5 basic-ni.National ISDN switch type 6 basic-ts013.TS013 switch type for Australia 7 ntt.NTT switch type for Japan 8 vn3.VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type 2:Configuring interface parameters:Do you want t

23、o configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? no:Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? no: yes Configure IP on this interface? no: yes IP address for this interface: Subnet mask for this interface : Class A network is , 24 subnet bits; mask is /24Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? no:

24、设置脚本的确认与应用The following configuration command script was created:hostname Routerenable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-server!no appletalk routingno decnet routingip routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routingno apollo routingisdn switch-type basic-5essinte

25、rface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethernet0no shutdownipno mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip addressend0 Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.1 Return back to the setup without saving this config.2 Save this configuration to nvram and exit.Enter your selection 2:C

26、onsolewg_ro_cwg_ro_cenablewg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#disablewg_ro_cwg_ro_clogoutwg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用户模式提示特权模式提示登入路由器 只要所输命令串在全部命令中是唯一的，可以将一个命令尽可能地简写，路由器在用户模式下的命令清单wg_ro_c?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Comman

27、ds cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive

28、 help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC- More -wg_ro_c#?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List en

29、try bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions (see also undebug) delete Delete a file dir Li

30、st files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system- More -路由器在特权模式下的命令清单只要输入部分命令串(唯一表示某个命令)，紧接着按tab键就可以完

31、整地输入一个命令路由器命令行帮助机制上下文关联帮助错误信息提示指出所输入路由器命令的错误所在，以便于修改或纠正.可以重新调出一个较长或较复杂的命令或其它内容，用来再次运行、查看或修改. 之前命令保存区提供命令清单和与特定命令相关联的参数. 路由器的上下文相关联帮助Router# clokTranslating CLOK% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer addressRouter# cl?clear clockRouter# clock% Incomplete command.Router# clock

32、?set Set the time and dateRouter# clock set% Incomplete command.Router# clock set ?hh:mm:ss Current Time 符号解析命令提示调出最近用过的内容路由器的上下文相关联帮助(续)Router# clokTranslating CLOK% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer addressRouter# clear clockRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# set Set t

33、he time and dateRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# hh:mm:ss Current TimeRouter# clock set 19:56:00% Incomplete command.Router# clock set 19:56:00 ? Day of the monthMONTH Month of the yearRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 8 % Invalid input detected at the markerRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 August% Inc

34、omplete command.Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August ? Year命令提示语法检查命令提示RouterShape the future of internetworking by creating unpreced使用增强的编辑命令“Shape the future of internetworking by creating unprecedented value for customers, employees, and partners.”上述文字段在输入时会超出一行Router$ future of internetworking b

35、y creating unprecedented op使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).RouterShape the value of internetworking by creating unpreced使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束

36、位置.回移一个单词Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.回移一个单词.下移一个字符.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.回移一个单词下移一个字符.回移一个字符.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partn

37、ers.使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.回移一个单词下移一个字符.回移一个字符.下移一个单词Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.回移一个单词下移一个字符.回移一个字符.下移一个单词使用增强的编辑命令删除当前字符Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.Ctrl-P or Up arrow调出最近(前一)使用过的

38、命令Ctrl-N or Down arrow调出更近使用过的命令Router show history显示命令保存区内容Router terminal history size lines 设置命令保存区大小回览之前用过的命令show version 命令wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisc

39、o Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0 x03050C84, data-base: 0 x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reload

40、System image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin(output omitted)-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102查看配置情况控制台IOSSetup utilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-config将配置参数保存到NVRAM中ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMshow running 和 show startup 命令wg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!- More -wg_ro_c#

41、show running-config!- More -保存在NVRAM中保存在RAM中显示当前运行的和保存的配置情况路由器模式一览Router(config)#RouterenableRouter#config termExitCtrl-Z (end)用户模式特权模式全局配置模式配置模式模式提示InterfaceRouter(config-if)#SubinterfaceRouter(config-subif)#Controller Router(config-controller)#LineRouter(config-line)#RouterRouter(config-router)#保存

42、配置wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c# copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?Building configurationwg_ro_c#将当前运行的配置复制到NVRAM中配置路由器的各种标识为路由器或其端口设置标识或信息路由器名Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#开机时的固定显示信息wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured

43、 system. Authorized access only! #端口描述wg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco控制台密码虚拟终端密码Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line

44、)#password sanjose特权模式明文密码Router(config)#enable password cisco特权模式加密密码Router(config)#enable secret sanfran路由器密码配置其它控制台命令Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous禁止控制台会话自动退出重显被打乱的控制台输入Router(config)#interface

45、 type numberRouter(config-if)#端口配置type 包括 serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnelnumber 用来识别具体的单个端口Router(config-if)#exit从当前端口配置模式退出Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)#模块化端口的表示法配置串口进入全局配置模式Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Ro

46、uter(config-if)#Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#指定某个端口设置时钟频率 (只在DCE端)调协波特率 (建议)串口上用 show controller 命令Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0, idb = 0 x121C04, drive

47、r structure at 0 x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable.显示串口线的线缆类型以太网的 media-type 命令Router(config)#interface ethernet 2Router(config-if)#media-type 10baset为以太网端口选择适当的介质类型开启或关闭端口Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up 开启已经关闭的端口Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Route