初中英语阅读理解之推理判断题知识讲解

1、第一页，共33页。在冬天的夜晚，天气冷得让人不想出门。见习警员走在大街上，突然听到远处一女子大叫：“有人打劫啊！”。见习警员刚一回身，就见一个黑影朝着远处逃离，他立刻追了上去。但是这贼跑得飞快，追了八条街之后没影了。最后，见习警员在附近的一个商店店铺前看到有四个人：A：正在闲暇百无聊赖地抽烟B：正在聚精会神地看报纸(bozh)C：正在手机通话中D：正在狼吞虎咽的吃拉面根据调查，犯人就在这四人当中。第二页，共33页。初中阅读(yud)理解推理判断题解题技巧授课(shuk)老师：黄文婷第三页，共33页。什么(shn me)是推理判断题？1推理(tul)判断题的分类？2推理(tul)判断题解题技巧3

2、内容大纲第四页，共33页。推理(tul)判断题的定义透过文章表面信息推测(tuc)文章隐含意思；对作者的态度意图(yt)及文章细节的发展做出正确的推理判断；从作者的角度去考虑，不可脱离原文仅凭个人的主观看法而主观臆断。第五页，共33页。推理判断题分类推断作者观点(gundin)或态度推断(tudun)文章出处推断隐含(yn hn)意义第六页，共33页。推断(tudun)隐含意义Part1第七页，共33页。什么(shn me)是隐含意义T: Do you think this class is interesting?S: I want to go home.Q:What does the st

3、udent really mean?*根据文章事实进行逻辑推理，透过字面意义根据文章事实进行逻辑推理，透过字面意义理解作者理解作者(zuzh)的言外之意。的言外之意。第八页，共33页。It can be inferred from the text that _.When the writer talks about ., what the writer really means is _.The writer suggests that _.The story implies that _.We can infer/conclude from the passage that _.第九页，共

4、33页。如何推断(tudun)隐含意义？寻找(xnzho)相关信息点研读(yn d)其字面意义结合语境进行推断理解作者的言外之意第十页，共33页。技巧(jqio)点拨1. 判断有据，推断(tudun)有理，忠于原文2. 全面(qunmin)分析：不可断章取义3. 善于揣摩作者思路第十一页，共33页。排除(pich)干扰项1. 原文信息(xnx)的简单重复4. 符合(fh)常识，但文章中没有信息支持3. 与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论2. 推理过度的片面结论第十二页，共33页。 Who has more questions, a teacher or a student? About this

5、question a great learned man told his student that nobody does but a teacher.The student got puzzled. With a smile, the teacher drew two circles（圆）. Within（在里面(lmin)）the larger one is my knowledge of things, and within the smaller one is yours. Out of the circles is still unknown to both of us. Sinc

6、e mine is larger, as you can see, the line that marks out the circle is longer. That makes it clear that who has more chances（机会）to face something still unknown.At the end of the story, the great learned man concluded（推断(tudun)）that _.A. a student should learn from his teacherB. a teacher does not h

7、ave so many questions as his studentC. a student knows more than his teacherD. a teacher has more chances to face what he doesnt know第十三页，共33页。There have never been many adventurers. You can read stories about men called adventurers. But they were really businessmen. There was something they wanted-

8、 a lady, or money, or a country, or honor. And so they got it. But a true adventurer is different. He starts without any special purpose. He is ready for anything he may meet.There have been many half-adventurers. And they were great men. History is rich with their stories. But each of them had a sp

9、ecial purpose. They were not followers of true adventurers.In the big city of New York, Romance and Adventure are always waiting.As we walk along the street, they are watching us. We look up suddenly and see a face in a window. The face seems to interest us strangely. Or in a quiet street, we hear a

10、 cry of fear and pain coming from a house where no one lives. A car takes us to a strange door, instead of to our own. The door 第十四页，共33页。 opens and we are asked to enter. At every corner, eyes look toward us, or hands are raised, or fingers point. Adventure is offered.But few of us are ready to acc

11、ept. We are ready to do only the things we do every day. We wish to do only the things that everyone else does. We move on; and some day we come to the end of a long quiet life. Then we begin to think. Then, when it is too late, we are sorry that we have never known true Romance and Adventure.In wha

12、t way does the author say a true adventure is different from a business man?A. He is ready for anything he may meet.B. He is not interested in money.C. He enjoys excitement while a business man does not.D. A true adventure is romantic, while a businessman is dull.第十五页，共33页。推断人物性格观点(gundin)或态度Part2第十

13、六页，共33页。人物的观点(gundin)和态度objective 客观的neutral 中立的subjective 主观(zhgun)的positive 积极的 negative 消极的approval 赞成的 disapproval 不赞成的critical 批评的.第十七页，共33页。The writers attitude towards . is _.The writer thought that _.According to the author, _.第十八页，共33页。技巧(jqio)点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词(fc)、动词及所举的例子第十九页，共33页。Mrs S

14、mith treated her little dog quite _.A. cruelly B. fairly C. kindly D.unfriendly It was Mondy. Mrs Smiths dog was hungry, but there was not any meat in the house.Considering that there was no better way. Mrs Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote the following words on it: “Give my dog half a pound o

15、f meat.” Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gently: “Take this to the butcher (person whose job is selling meat), and hes going to give you your lunch today.”第二十页，共33页。 If someone asks me: “Do you like music?” Im sure I will answer him or her: “Of course, I do.” because I think music is an

16、important part of our lives. Different people have different ideas about music. For me, I like rock music because its so exciting. And my favorite rock band, the “Foxy Ladies” （酷妹） is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate LiLan loves dance music, because

17、 she enjoys dancing. My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music （爵士乐）. She thinks jazz is really cool.“I like dance music and rock very much.” says my brother, “because they are amazing.”But my mother thinks rock is boring. “I like some relaxing （轻松(qn sn)的） music,” she says. Thats why she likes country

18、 music, I think. The writers mother thinks that country music is _. A. amazing B. boring C. relaxing D. disappointing第二十一页，共33页。 “I would almost rather see you dead.” Bobert S. Cassatt, a leading banker of Philadelphia, shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she wanted to be

19、come an artist. In the 19th century, playing at drawing or painting on dishes was all right for a young lady, but serious work in art was not. And when the young ladys family racked among(挤身于) the best of Philadelphias social(社会各界的) families, such an idea could not even be considered. That was how M

20、ary Cassatt, born 1844, began her struggle as an artist. She did not tremble(颤抖) before her fathers anger, she opposed(反对(fndu) him with courage and at last made him change his mind. Mary Cassatt gave up her social position and all thoughts of a thousand and a family, which in those times was unthin

21、kable for a young lady. In the end, after long years of hard work and perseverance(坚持), she became Americas most important woman artist and the internationally(国际上的) recognized leading woman painter of the time.What do we know about Robert Cassatts character from the text?A. He was a cruel man. B. H

22、e was a stubborn (固执(g zh)的) man.B. He knew nothing about art. D. He knew little about his daughter.第二十二页，共33页。 We are already familiar with computerscomputers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they ca

23、n write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?Many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. They worry that children do not learn from experience but just from pressing a button and that this is not good for them. They t

24、hink that children are growing not knowing about the real world.But people who understand more about computers say that computers can be very good for children. A computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what they want to learn and think for themselves. And for the

25、 future, dont we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly and use it well? What do you think? Does the writer think computer is a good thing?A. It isnt mentioned. B. No, he doesnt think so. C. He doesnt know. D. Yes, he does.第二十三页，共33页。 One day a man saw an old lady

26、 standing by her expensive car, clearly in need of help. So he stopped his old truck and got out. Although he was smiling, the old lady was worried. Was he going to hurt her? He didnt look safe. The man could see that she was frightened, so in his friendliest voice he said, “Im here to help you, mad

27、am. Why dont you wait in the car where its warm? By the way, my name is Bryan Anderson.” Bryan quickly fixed the car and the lady thanked him. Then she asked how much she should pay him. But Bryan wanted no money. He was just giving a hand to someone in trouble. This was normal for him. He said, “If

28、 you really want to repay me, next time you see someone in need, help them and think of me.” After saying goodbye, the lady continued down the road until she reached a small caf where she decided to stop for something to eat. As the pretty waitress took her order, 第二十四页，共33页。the lady noticed she was

29、 nearly eight months pregnant(怀孕(hui yn). Although the waitress looked tired she was very kind. As the lady was going to pay the $ 10 bill, she remembered Bryans words. She paid with a hundred-dollar bill. But when the waitress returned with the change the lady was gone. On the table she saw a small

30、 note. There were tears in her eyes when she read it: “Somebody once helped me the way Im helping you. If you want to pay me back, continue being kind to others.” Under the note were nine more $ 100 bills. Was the old lady an angel? The waitress was so excited that she called her husband to tell him

31、 the news. “Bryan Bryan Anderson my dear youre not going to believe what just happened”What can we learn about the old lady from the story?A. She was never kind to others. B. She was usually quite careless. C. She was probably very rich. D. She was not a very good driver.第二十五页，共33页。 Around the world

32、 more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventures -those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however,

33、 there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 metres above the ground with

34、 an elastic (有弹性(tnxng)的) rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometres an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee ju

35、mping include jumping from tall building and diving into the sea from the top of high cliff(悬崖).第二十六页，共33页。 Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, diseases could not ea

36、sily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival.(生存(shngcn).Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answ

37、er for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.The writer of the text has a _ attitude towards dangerous sports.A. Positive(肯定的) B. negative(否定的) C. neutral(中立(zhngl)的) D. nervous(紧张的) 第二十七页，共33页。推断文章(wnzhng)出处Part3第二十八页，共33页。The passage is most likely to be t

38、aken from _.Where would this passage most probably appear _?The passage is most likely a part of , _.第二十九页，共33页。技巧(jqio)点拨 a. 报纸(bozh)：日期、地点或通讯社名称从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：a. 报纸 b. 广告 c. 产品(chnpn)说明 b. 广告：物品价格，广告词等c. 产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的使用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量第三十页，共33页。 A subway is not just an important form of transport. It is also a window for other people to learn about local culture.Beijing, ChinaThe Beijing Subway was opened in 1969 and is the oldest subway system in China. It has added some modern technologies. All stati