用心辅导中心初升高暑假复习资料(2)

1、用心辅导中心初升高暑假复习资料目录第一部分前言第二部分重要的语法知识点、句子成分.、名词三、代词四、冠词五、形容词、副词比较级和最高级六、动词时态和语态七、主谓一致第三部分高中必修一单词表第四部分 高一部分配套资料（另附）同学们：随着中考的结束，你们又开始进入到了一个新的台阶 高中！首先恭喜你们！ 当然了，不管中考给予了我们什么样的一个成绩， 那已成为过去， 我们都应该坦 然的面对！最重要的是要好好把握现在！毕竟 “花开，不是荣耀，而是一个美丽 的结束；花落，不是耻辱，而是一个低调的开始 ”！让我们一起共同努力，为你 的高中“保驾护航 ”吧！同学们也知道，现在高中实行新课改， 高中英语教材难度

2、大，内容多，学习进 度快。知识内容上 “量”的剧增和课外练习、 消化的课时相对减少使得很多新生感 到不适应。从英语语法角度上看， 高中英语语法要求掌握得更加细致， 更加系统、 深入，同时不断扩展。但是很多同学的学习方法和学习习惯还停留在初中阶段， 形成无论如何用功， 总出现事倍功半的现象 ！那么下面我就针对高中英语科的学 习给予你们一些 建议 吧！希望能给你们作些参考和选择！建议 1 积累词汇，扩大词汇量同学们平时学习要多积累词汇， 比如阅读一些英文版名著或学生英语报刊， 平 时在日常的生活中多注意周围的事物，遇到有英语标志的词语或句子不妨记住。 建议 2 注重语法知识整合，理清脉络，系统掌握

3、对于英语语法知识不要 “死记硬背 ”，要掌握一定的语法规则和窍门，打好语法 基础，注意那些特殊的语法现象，它们往往是考试的热点和学习的难点。 建议 3 善于总结学习经验，培养自觉的学习能力，养成良好的学习习惯学会总结成功的学习经验，养成独立自觉学习知识的习惯，掌握知识不能只靠 老师课堂上的讲解， 应学会通过对文章和句子结构和内容的理解去分析和发现自 己不熟悉的语法点，从而使自己的知识系统化。同时，我想说， “良好的开端是成功的一半 ”，暑期是开始高中英语学习的黄金 时期，同学们应该结合高中阶段英语学科知识的特点， 找寻一套行之有效的学习 方法，以便适应高中新的学习环境和新的挑战，打好坚实的基础

4、。最后，祝同学们假期学习愉快、步步高升！用心辅导中心英语组老师20XX 年暑假句子成分要点 ：英语的基本成分有六种： 主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、 表语（ predicative）、定语（ attribute）和状语 （adverbial） 其构成的五种基本句型为 ：基本句型一： + （不及物动词） （主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点， 即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介 词短语、状语从句等。 Eg:1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. The uni

5、verse remains. 4. The pen writes smoothly基本句型二： + （系动词） + （主谓表） 此句型的句子有一个共同 的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的 表语构成复合谓语， 才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做连系动词。 系动词分两类： be, look, keep, seem 等属一类，表示情况； get, grow, become, turn 等属另一类，表示变化。 be 本身 没有什么意义 ,只起连系主语和表语的作用。 其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 Eg:1. This is a book.2. The dinn

6、er smells good.3. His face turned red. 基本句型三： + （及物动词） + （主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点 是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个 宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词 .Eg: 1.She smiled enjoys reading.基本句型四： + （及物动词 ） +（多指人） + （多指物） （主谓 间宾直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整 的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间 接承受者用一个介

7、词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词 往往被省略 Eg:1. She ordered herself brought you a dictionary. 基本句型五： + （及物 ）+ + （主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同 特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个 补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 Eg:1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green.练习题 一、用所给的单词组成句子1 to, the, box, I, want, take, to,

8、 room, heavy, the.2 look, things, the, after, boys, their, must.3 here, all, are, you.4 today, who, duty, is, on?5 Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, Japanese.6 is, rice, bag, in, there, much, the.7 him, them, to, a, gift, promised, give, 1.8 begins, eight, the, English, at, class, o'clock.二

9、、完成下列句子1 Have you ever been to （最远的小岛）2 We must our classroom . （保持清洁） .3They and two hours （每二小时， 必须坐下休息）4 After work he always （感到有点儿累） .5 The doctor Tom （非常仔细地做了检查） .6 There is （有点毛病） with Linda's cat's eyes.7 I can see （没有异常之物） in the tree.8Mr. Fang is （去访问） his aunt.9 Mike his mother （得

10、帮妈妈） the washing every Sunday.三、指出下列句子的主语部分1 Who is the gentleman in the room?2 Who is singing on the platform?3 What he said is not true.说说你今天的收获吧：、名词要点：I. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机 构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式 ：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加 -smap-maps,

11、 sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加 -esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以 -f 或 -fe 结尾 的词变-f 和-fe为 v 再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为

12、i 加 -esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，或专有名词以 y 结尾的，加 -stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以 辅 音字 母加-o 结尾的名词一般加 -eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加 -spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo

13、-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加 -o 结尾的名词加 -sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以 -th 结尾的名词加 -struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数 ： 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数

14、相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, te

15、am, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关 ）, forces（军队 ）, times（时代 ）, spirits（ 情绪 ）, drinks（ 饮料 ）, sands（沙滩 ）, papers（文件报纸 ）, manners（礼 貌）, looks（外表 ）, brains（头脑智力 ）, greens（青菜 ）, ruins（废 墟）7表示 “某 国 人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, J

16、apanese以 -man 或 -woman 结 尾 的 改 为 -men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants注意：以 s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths ， politics ， physics 等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b. n

17、ews 是不可数名词。c. the United States ，the United Nations 应视为单数。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 3不可数名词量的表示可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如：a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of cake 4修饰可数名词的词有 ： many, few, a few, a number of, 数词 修饰不可数名词的词有 ： much, little, a little,

18、 a great deal of 即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的词有：some (any), no, a lot of ， plenty of二、 名词的格1. 有生命的人、物及其他名词的所有格在词尾加“'，s如” the boy 's b男ag孩 的书包2. 凡不能加 "'s" 的名词，都可以用 "名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系 ，如：the title of the song 歌的名字 the window of the house 。3. 时间、距离、地域等名词的所有格形式为-' s today &#

19、39; s newspapert,e n minutes ' walkthe city ' s problem4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名 词，如： the barber's 理发店 at my aunt ' s (house) go to the doctor ' s .5. 若名词词尾已有 -s ，只加 '，如： Teachers'Day the twins ' parentthse, students ' books6. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，

20、则表示 "分别有" ；只有一个 's，则表示 '共有'。 如： John's and Mary's rooms (两间)John and Mary's room (一间)7. 双重所有格形式 ： a novel of Mark Twin 's a friend of my father's / mine练习题：1. He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his.A. litt

21、le wageB. few wageC. wage D. wages2. Most of the houses in the village were burnt to during the war.A. an ashB. the ash C. ashD. ashes3. The students at colleges or universities are making for the coming NewYear.A. many preparations B. much preparationC. preparationsD. preparation4. Painting in is o

22、ne of their spare-time activities.A. oilB. an oilC. oils D. the oil5. In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn' t oil here.A. muchB. lots ofC. a great deal of D. many6. The large houses are being painted, but .A. of great expense B. at a great expense C. in a lot of expenses D. by high exp

23、ense7. The room was small and contained far too .A. much new furnitureC. much new furnituresB. many new furnitureD. many new furnitures8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of theA. rooms number B. room number C. room ' s numbers D. room numbers9. Computers ca

24、n do work in a short time, but a man can not do by himself.A great many manyC. much a great dealB.great deal of much D. many a great many10.She didn ' t know he had been given.A. how many informationC. how many informationsB. the number of information D. how much information11. He invited all of

25、 his to join his wedding party.A. comrade-in-arms C. comrades-in-armB. comrades-in-arms D. comrade-in-arm12. All the in the hospital got a rise last month.A. women doctors C. woman doctorsB. women doctor D. woman doctor13. After ten years, all these youngsters became.A. growns-upsC. growns-upB. grow

26、n-upD. grown-ups14. The police investigated those about the accident.A. stander-byC. standers-byB. stander-bysD. standers-bys15. The Nazi kept those in their concentration camp.A.prisoner-of-warsC. prisoners-of-warB.prisoners-of-warsD. prisoner-of-war说说你今天的收获吧：三、代词I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：1人 称 代 词主格I, you, he

27、, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。2物主 代词形容词 性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性 物主代词2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.I've already f

28、inished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there. （作主语）3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who

29、, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever疑问代词用于特殊疑 问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如： Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语） What is that? （ 作表语 ）Whom are you waiting for? （ 作宾语 ）6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系代词在后面的定语从句中会讲到： I hate people who talk much but do little. I ' m

30、looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter. With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either练习题：一、单项选择1. Tom, Please pass the glasses. I want

31、 to read the newspapers.A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want sandwich?- Yes, I usually eat a lot when I' m hungry.A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are d

32、oing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others thanA. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?- , thanks. I' d like a cup of tea.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.-Never min

33、d. You can have .A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?- is OK. I' m free today and tomorrow.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve this term?-Work harder than last term.A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -Could yo

34、u tell me she is looking for?-Her cousin, Susan.A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is here?-No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 二、用适当的代词填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. S

35、ome like running; some like swimming; likeball games.3. Let ' s go and have a drink. We' ve got time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, but of us would like to have a rest.5. of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, don ' t touch the machines, or you may hurt .7. It is said

36、 there is going to be important in the CCTV news.8. We couldn ' t buy anything because of the shops opened at that time.9. They didn ' t learn new in this lesson.10. -Why is easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well?-Because Britain, Germany and France are all very

37、near country.说说你今天的收获吧：四、冠 词要点：1、冠词分类： 英语中冠词有 不定冠词 和 定冠词 两种 ,常放在名词的前面 ,用来限定名词的意 义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词 the，不定冠词 a/an 。2、不定冠词 a / an 的用法：不定冠词 a / an 用在单数名词的前面 ,a用在辅音开头的词前面 ; an 用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示某一个人或东西 ,但不具体说明何人或何物。如： There is a dog lying 。(2) 表示某类人或事物 ,以区别于其他种类。如： A elephant is much stronger tha

38、n a man.( 大象比人强壮多了。 )( 不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.( 他是英语教师。 )(4) 表示 “一 ”这个数量。如： There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.3、定冠词 the 的用法： 定冠词 the 用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。 定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如： The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.( 手上拿着一朵 花的男人是杰

39、克 )(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.( 莉莉 ,请看黑板。 )(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如： There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人 , 那个人叫罗伯特。 )(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。 如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。 )(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如： There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.

40、(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。 )(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如： Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？ ) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth(在. 所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近 )(7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如： He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如： I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.( 我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山 )(9)

41、用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(10) 用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如： The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month. (11)same之前一般用 the。如： Lucy and Lily lookthe same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样 ) (12)几个用定冠词的习语： at the same time (与此同时 ) on the way(在路上 )等等。4、一些不用冠词的情况：(1) 专有名词和 ( 第一次使用 ) 一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。 如：

42、China is a very large country.(中国是个大国 ) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水 )(2) 名词前已有指示、 物主或不定代词作定语时不用。 如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.( 我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了 )(3) 周名 ,月名或季节名前一般不用。如： He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(4) (第一次使用 ) 复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer thanmonkeys.( 人比猴子聪明 )(5)

43、 三餐饭前不用。如： We have breakfast at home and lunch at schoo. l(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如： Children 's Day(7) 球类名词前不用。如： The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(8) 城市的重要 /主要建筑物名称前不用。如： They are now at People 's Cine.ma(9) 一些习惯用语中不用。 at / to / from / out of / after / for school; on foot;练习题：1. rec

44、ent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher thanthe number of English speaker by year 2090.A. A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a2.If you go by train ,you can have quite a comfortablejourney ,but make sure you getfast one.A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/3. It is of

45、ten said that teachers have very easy life.A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a4.I can ' t remember when exactly the Robinsons left city ,I only re member it was Monday. 。A. the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a5.If you grow up in large family ,you are more likely to develop ability to get onwell wit

46、h others .A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the6.Mrs ,Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has gift for painting she has won twonational prizes.A. a, a B. an ,the C. an ,a D. th7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport.A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the8.On May

47、 5,2005,at _World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in men' s with score of 4:1.A. a ,a B. / the C. a ,/ D. the ,a9.I knew John Lennon ,but not famous one.A. /,a B. a ,the C. /,the D. the, a10.The book tells life story of John Smith ,who left school and work

48、ed for anewspaper at the age of 16.A. the, the B. a , the C. the./ D. a,/11. When you come here for your holiday next time, don 'gt o to hotel ; I can find youbed in my flat.A. the ,a B. the,/ C. a ,the D. a,/12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off.A. a price B. priceC. the price

49、 D. prices13.on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadiansis major concern of the country.A. The ,/ B. The ,a C. An ,the D. An,/14.When he left college ,he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office .A. /, a B /, the C .a the D .the, the15The most important thin

50、g about cotton in history is _part that it played in IndustrialRevolution.A. /,/ B. the,/ C. the , the D. a ,the说说你今天的收获吧：五、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级要点：一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下 (1) 符合规则的：情况加法例词一般情况直接加 -er ; -estall-taller-tallest以 e 结尾的词加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以 “辅音 +y”结尾的词变 y 为 i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driesth

51、eavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加 -er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加 more ; mostmore delicious most delicious(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：原级比较级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest形容词和副词比较级的用法级别句 例注 备原级同

52、 等 程 度肯定形式) +as样 +级 一 As 像(gu n ou sti yo re as el n e s ic w ass su a i. t m ayn r s laa AaPc否定形式级) 原样 +) 那 ss(a a o ( + + s 如 ot + 不o nc u s e st ot ci t n s no o. s as s d h lt e s u do as g fi e ll n if h e EdSw比较 级比不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级 +than (比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级

53、前面可以加 much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit 等程度加深比较级 +and+ 比较 级 （越来越 ）The + 比较级， the + 比较级 （越 , 越 ）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高 级最高程度 （用于三 者或三者 以上）The + 最高级 +of (in) (最)Spring is the best season of the ye

54、ar.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的 the 往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义 的限制，没有比较级。三形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法( 1)和冠词连用the 形容词原级 v(复 )，指一类人或物the 形容词比较级，指两者中 “较 的 ”的那一个， eg. the younger of the two a/ an 形容词比较级 eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.( a) most形容词最高级 “非常

55、 ” eg. a most beautiful city( 2 ) 相关结构1) 原级比较：肯定句 as .as .否, 定句 not so / as .a. s .2) 比较句： 比较级 than 或. more (less) .than .The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.( 注意代词 that 的用法 )3) 比较级 and比较级 或 more and more比较级 “越来越 ”richer and richer, more and more interesting4) The mor

56、e ., the more 越.，“越”The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.5) 比较级 than any other n. (单) (适用于范围一致时)(all) other n.(复)any n.(单) (适用于范围不一致时)He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class.any student in my class.6) 倍数表达法。A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.A is