英语句子成分及简单句的五种基本句型

1、Members of the SentencecontentCONTENTS定义定义：句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。：句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。句子成分有：句子成分有：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语 、定语、状语、补语、同位语定语、状语、补语、同位语一、主语（一、主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。主句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于语一般位于_ 。主语的主要类型包括：名词、代词、数词、名词化主语的主要类型包括：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或的形容词或-ed-ed分词、不定式、分词、不定式、-ing-ing分词和分词和( (主语主语) )从句等。从句

2、等。1名词充当主语。名词充当主语。 Young people love pop music句首句首2代词充当主语。如：代词充当主语。如： It rains quite often in spring 3 数词充当主语。如：数词充当主语。如： Two plus two makes four Five will be enough4名词化的形容词或名词化的形容词或-ed分词充当主语。分词充当主语。 如：如： The disabled are well taken care of5不定式充当主语。如：不定式充当主语。如： To study hard is your duty Its not easy

3、 to look after a sick old man6-ing分词充当主语。如：分词充当主语。如： Spitting in public is not allowed Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主语主语 (真正的真正的)主语主语7从句充当主语从句充当主语(该从句称作主语从句该从句称作主语从句)。 That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 关联词主语关联词主语(从句从句) How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story

4、 关联词主语关联词主语(从句从句) 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English.二、谓语二、谓语二、谓语二、谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常。通常由由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动连系动词词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.动词动词情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.Th

5、ey will go there tomorrow.三、宾语三、宾语 宾语宾语(object)表示动作的承受者，在句中一表示动作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物动词之后。般放在及物动词之后。 宾语的主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不宾语的主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不定式、定式、-ing分词、从句等。分词、从句等。(能做主语的词能做主语的词) 1名词充当宾语。如：名词充当宾语。如： Dry wood catches fire easily 2代词充当宾语。如：代词充当宾语。如： We can invite them to our party 3副词充当宾语。如：副词充当宾语。如： The athlet

6、es left there just now4不定式充当宾语。如：不定式充当宾语。如： Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分词充当宾语。如：分词充当宾语。如： You wont forget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 6从句充当宾语。如：从句充当宾语。如： Do you know how serious the situation is ? I dont understand what you mean 双宾语双宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有

7、两个宾语: 直接宾语直接宾语(Direct Object)和和间接宾语间接宾语(Indirect Object), 称为双宾语称为双宾语.这两个宾语往往这两个宾语往往一个指人一个指人(一般为间接宾语一般为间接宾语), 另另一个指物一个指物(一般为直接宾语一般为直接宾语). He gave me a book. 间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语 间接宾语间接宾语一般放在一般放在直接宾语直接宾语之前。有时为了强调之前。有时为了强调间接宾语间接宾语，也可以将也可以将直接宾语直接宾语放在放在间接宾语间接宾语之前之前，要借助于要借助于介词介词toto或或forfor。He passed me the d

8、ictionary? （ IOIO ）（）（ D D）He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress. （ IOIO ）（）（ D D）She bought a beautiful dress for me.此类常见动词：此类常见动词：pass，show, give, lend, hand, offer, tell, send, bring等等此类常见动词：此类常见动词：buy, cook, get, make, sing等等。注意注意: 如果直接宾语是人称代词如果直接宾语是人称代词, 则间接宾语则间接宾语必须后置必

9、须后置, 并在其前加上介词并在其前加上介词to或或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.系动词Add your title表示状态表示状态Add your titleAdd your titleAdd your title感官系动词感官系动词变得变得一直保持一直保持看起来，似乎看起来，似乎seem， appeara.名词名词 His father is a teacher.b. 代词代词 This book is mine.c. 形容词或分词短语形容词或分词短语 The leaves turn yellow

10、 in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting.d. 数词数词 One plus one is two.e. 动词不定式或动名词短语动词不定式或动名词短语 My job is looking after her. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.f. 副词或介词短语副词或介词短语 Sorry, my father isnt in. Tom is in Shanghai now.g. 从句从句 The quest

11、ion is why we should put off the meeting.修饰主语、宾语和表语修饰主语、宾语和表语在翻译时往往译为 “的”后置定语后置定语前置定语前置定语a.形容词形容词 Newton is a famous scientist.b. 名词名词 Lets listen to the weather forecast first.c. 动名词动名词 Our school is going to build a swimming pool.d. 分词短语或动词不定式短语分词短语或动词不定式短语 She is reading an interesting book. I ha

12、ve no pen to write with.e. 介词短语或副词介词短语或副词 I havent got the solution to the problem. I used to live in the room above.f. 从句从句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.a.副词副词 Who can write beautifully?b. 介词短语介词短语 Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside.c. 分词短语分词短语 Not knowing what

13、to do I decided to give up.d. 动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 His mother often comes to see him.e. 名词名词 Please come this way.f. 从句从句 As soon as the teacher came in, all the students stood up.复合结构：宾语宾补复合结构：宾语宾补nadj adv.介词短语分词短语与动词不定式v常用的带复合宾语的动词常用的带复合宾语的动词 ： think, consider, feel, find, want，have, see, hear, notice,

14、make, get, leave, ask, keep.I consider your brother a clever boy.I found the classroom empty.I saw him enter the room.I believe him to be honest.I heard the boy crying.He left the girl in the room.八、八、 同位语同位语 在一个句子中在一个句子中, 一个名词或一个名词或代词代词, 或相当于名词的短语或或相当于名词的短语或从句从句, 放在另一个名词或代词放在另一个名词或代词之后之后, 用以说明它的性质或

15、情用以说明它的性质或情况况, 被称为同位语被称为同位语(Appositive). 可作可作同位语的通常有同位语的通常有:a.名词名词 This is my best friend, Tom.b. 代词代词 We all got a surprise.c. 数词数词 This prize is for you two.d. 从句从句 I had no idea that you were here. 就是一个最简单的就是一个最简单的句子构成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一个句子构成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一个人的头部和躯干。并由此构成了英语的五种基本结人的头部和躯干。并由此构成了英语的

16、五种基本结构构1.S+V 主语谓语主语谓语2.S+V+P 主语系动词表语主语系动词表语3.S+V+O 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语4.S+V+o+O 主语谓语双宾语主语谓语双宾语5.S+V+O+C 主语谓语宾语宾补主语谓语宾语宾补content1. S+V+P 主系表英语五种基本句型This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.content2. S+V 主谓（不及物动词）英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型The sun was shin

17、ning.We all breathe, eat and drink.His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.content3. S+V+O 主谓（及物动词）宾英语五种基本句型Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.content4. S+V+ o + O 主谓间宾直宾英语五种基本句型He brought you a dictionary.He showed me

18、 how to run the machine.content5. S+V+O +C 主谓复合结构英语五种基本句型They painted the door green.We saw him out.He asked me to get back soon. B 6. He got angry. 7. He got up. 8. You will get a surprise. 9. He got his shoes wet. 10. He got her a present. 小结：同一动词在不同的句型里用法也不尽其同小结：同一动词在不同的句型里用法也不尽其同。 练习二:翻译 1.太阳从东方

19、升起来了。 2.她喜欢看书。 3.他的脸红了。 4.我给他看我的照片。 5.他们把门漆成绿色。The sun is rising in the east.She likes reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.温馨提示： 复杂的英语句子都是基于五种简单句，在前面或后面增加一些修饰语加以扩大、组合、省略或倒装。我们只需要理清句子的主干就可以正确把握句子的意思。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。

20、 We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。简简单单句句的的基基本本句句型型1.1.主语主语+ +系动词系动词+ +表语表语2.2.主语主语+ +不及物动词不及物动词 3.3.主语主语+ +及