医学英语词根词头

1、cardiac adj. 心脏的cardiomyopathy n. 心肌病cardiovascular adj. 心血管的cardiology n. 心脏病学（希腊语）myocarditis n. 心肌炎 electrocardiogram n. 心电图人体部位English Latin（ 拉丁语 ） Greek静脉veinveno-phlebo-胸chestpecto-thoraco-腹bellyabdomino-ventro-脊柱backbonespino-spondylo-脑braincerebro-encephalo-头headcapito-cephalo-心heartcordi-ca

2、rdio-手handmano-/manu-cheiro-血管vesselvaso-angio-1.adren/o:adrenal gland（肾上腺）adrenal-al, pertaining to,肾上腺的adrenaline-lin/line, substance,肾上腺素adrenalitis-itis, inflammation,肾上腺素的2. ar: pertaining to 与有关的vascular vascul/o, blood vessel.血管的cellular细胞的Molecular分子的，由分子组成的3. bi/o: life 生命，生物Biomedical 生物化学

3、的biology -logy, the study of,生物，生物学bio physical 生物物理学4. chrom/o, chromomat: color 颜色chromosomes -somes, bodies,染色体chromatin -in, substance,核染色质5. crin/o: secrete分泌endocrinology内分泌学crinogenic gen/o+ic, pertaining to the production,促分泌的crinology 分泌学6. - cyte: cell 细胞erythrocyte erythr/o, red,红细胞leukoc

4、yte leuk/o, white,白细胞lymphocyte lymph/o, lymph（淋巴） 淋巴细胞7. cyt/: cell 细胞cytology 细胞学cytochemistry 细胞化学cytobiology 细胞生物学8. embry/o: embryo （ 胚胎 ）embryology胚胎学欢迎下载10embryoma -oma, tumor 胚瘤病理学embryopathology胚胎病理学pathology, the study of disease,9. endo-: inner 内部的 endocrinology内分泌学endocardinal心内膜的endocel

5、lular细胞内的10. hist/o: tissue 组织histology组织学Histopathology组织病理学histotherapy组织疗法hepat/o, liver 月干脏 hepatitis, the inflammation of liver月干炎vs. endo/crino/logy gastr/o, stomach 胃 enter/o, intestine 肠 gastr/o/enter/o/logy 肠 胃病学(1) . 炎：the inflammation of -itis hepatitis 月干炎;hepat/o: liver 月干 arteritis 动脉炎

6、;arter/o: artery 动脉 vasculitis 血管炎;vascul/o: vas/o: vessel 血管 nephritis 肾炎;nephr/o: kidney 肾pancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o: pancreas 胰腺ovaritis; oophoritis 卵巢炎;pleuritis 胸膜炎;pleur/o:pleura 胸膜(2) . 术 - operation of 缝合术:-orraphyaneurysmorraphy (suture);动脉瘤缝术aneurysm:动脉瘤切除术:ectomy: removal pharyngectomy 咽切

7、除appendectomy: 阑尾切除术append/o: appendic/o: appendix阑尾固定术:-pexy: fixing rectopexy 直肠固定术rect/o: rectum 直肌3)方位/时间方面的词缀上： upper/superior; epi-; supraepithelium上皮组织；下：lower/inferior; infra-; sub-subcutaneous皮下的；cutane/o: skin前：front/anterior/prior/ fore-; ante-; pre-; antero-forehead 前额； anteroposterior 前

8、后的precirrhosis前期月干硬化；cirrh/o:orange 硬变后：backposterior post-; retro-postheptical月干后的；heptic/o: liver;retrocardiac 心后的；cardi/o:heart内：inner/internal/ in-; endo-; ento-; entro-; intro-;inhale, inhalation 吸入endoscopy 内窥镜检； -scopy : visual exam夕卜：outer/externalex-; exo-; ultra-；extra-；extract 抽出；exhale 呼

9、出 excretion 排泄物；exocardial心外的间：inter-; between;intermuscular 肌肉间的；常见药物词缀：-cillin 青霉素类药物阿莫西林(羟氨芳青霉素)amoxicillin 片剂、胶囊剂氨茉西林钠(氨茉青霉素)ampicillin sodium 注射剂竣茉青霉素钠 carbencillin双氯青霉素 dicloxacillinCef-头抱类药物头抱氨茉 cefalexin头抱羟氨茉 cefadroxil头抱克洛Cefaclor头抱口比的Cefepime头抱丙烯Cefprozil头抱拉定 cephradine1. a-, an- not/witho

10、ut asymptomatic anemia(-emia, blood) amorphous2. ana- apart分离 anatomyanalysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown) analyst (-yst=ist, specialist)3. angio- vessels血管 angiogram (-gram, record)angioplasty (-plasty, surgical repair) angitis (-itis, inflammation)4. anti- against反对 antibody (body, substance)antig

11、en (a substance,)5. -ary pertaining to pulmonary (pulm/o, the lungs) urinary (urin/o, urine)6. de- lack of/down/loss deficiency degeneration deoxyribonucleic7. dia- complete, cross through diagnosis (gnos/o, knowlege) dialysisdiameter (-meter, instrument of measurement)8. electr/o electricity电 elect

12、rocardiograph(-graph, an instrument of recording) electromyogram (my/o, muscle;-gram, record) electroencephalogram (encephal/o, brain)9. en- in, within endemic (dem/o, people), enclose engulf10. gnos/o knowledge agnostic Prognosis常见的医学英语词缀(1) 痛- headache, stomachache .the pain of ; ache, -algia; -ag

13、ra; -dynianeuralgia 神经痛;neur/o: nerve (神经);gastralgia 胃痛 ;gastr/o: gaster, stomach( 胃)arthralgia 关节痛；arthr/o: joint( 关节)abdominalgia 腹痛;abdomin/o: abdomen (腹部)(2) .与检查有关的词缀镜检：-scopy 镜检法；-scope 镜；gastroscopy胃镜法；量具：-meter: instrument for measuring (硬U量仪)； cardiometer 心力计;thermometer 温度计心电图：electrocard

14、iogram =ECG; ( electrocardiograph心电图仪) 脑电图：electroencephalogram=EEGB超:type B ultrasonic CT : computerized tomography 计算机 x 射线断层尿检：urineanalysis 血常规：blood routine(3)其他词缀怕， 畏惧-phobia: fear ； photophobia 畏光,phot/o:light困难 dys- : bad, difficultydysfunction 功能障碍；dyspepsia 消化不良dyspnea 呼吸困难,-pnea : breathi

15、ng不良 mal- : badmalnutrition营养不良；malpractice 事故malfunction机能障； malignant 恶性的； maladministration管理不善好， 正， eu - ： good ; eugenic 优生的 adj.eugenics 优生学;gen/o: producing （生产）euthanasia 安乐死;-thanasia: death （死）瘤，肿块 -oma: tumor; cancer; swellinglymphoma 淋巴瘤；hematoma 血肿血症 -emia : blood conditionleukemia 白血病；

16、septicemia 败血症高：hyper- : high , above;hyperdynamia:肌力过度;（dynam/o: power, force: dynamic adj.）hypertension 高血压（high blood pressure ）低：hypo-; low; belowhypotonia 张力/压力过低hypotension （low blood pressure ） 低血压hyposensitive adj. 弱敏的疗法：-therapyradio therapy 放疗;radiotherapist（放疗专家）chemotherapy 化疗physiothera

17、py 理疗psychotherapy心理疗法therapist 治疗师无， 没有 a- an-: withoutatypical非典型性的asexual 无性的asymptomatic无症状的anemia贫血anorexia 厌食症 orex/o: appetiteanesthes ia 麻醉（感觉缺失:esthesi/o : feeling, perception ）elasticity n.弹性，弹力feebleadj.虚弱的，衰弱的，无力的sag vi. 松弛sensoryadj. 感官的，感觉的，知觉的squeezev. 挤； 榨； 捏stamina n.精力；耐力，韧劲taut ad

18、j.紧的，绷紧的Transitory adj.短暂的，转瞬即逝的wreak vt.wrinkledadj.前缀意思olig/ofew, scanty(men/o)经量异常pan-allcure-all 治百病的药super-* above, excess equi- equal, same面的hetero- other, different异性恋的；施行（暴力）；有皱纹的发(脾气)；报仇例子oligomenorrheapanaceasupernumeraryequilateral,heterosexual定义的例子a scanty menstrual flowremedy that cures

19、 all ills; ain excess number having equal sides超过数量等边的，等pertainingto the opposite sexhomo-, same,maintaininga constant body temperaturehomeo- unchanginghomothermic保持一个恒定的体温 ；warm blooded 恒温的iso- equal, same isograftgraft between two genetically identicalindividuals同基因移植物macro- large,macrocyte extrem

20、ely large red blood cell大红细胞abnormally largemega-,* large;megalo abnormally largemegabladderenlargement of the bladder膀胱扩张micro- smallmicroscopicextremelysmall;visible onlythrough a microscope显微镜的neo-newneonatea newborn infant新生儿哺乳物normo normalnormovolemianormal blood volume血量正常ortho straight, corre

21、ct, orthoticCorrectingorprevcntingdeformities 矫正的uprightpoikilo- varied(杂色的)；poikiloderma皮肤异色病irregularpseudo- falsepseudoplegiafalseparalysis(suffix-plegia)假麻痹，假瘫re- again; backregurgitationbackward or return flow,asof bloodor stomach contents回流；反刍dextr/o rightdextrocardialocationof theheart(cardi/

22、o) in th右位心e right side of thechestsinistr/oleftsinistradecto-out; outside developingectodermec-,embryoex/oaway from;outsideexciseend/o-in; withinendoscopea cavity ormes/omiddlemesencephalonsyn-,togethersynapsesym-toward the left 向左 outermost layer of the外胚层to cut out切除，删去device for viewing the insi

23、de oforgan内窥镜midbrain 中脑a junction between two nervecells（神经元的）突触tel/e-, endtelangiona terminal vessel （rootangi/o）tel/o-终动脉与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀?病 patho-? Pathogen （病原体）/pathology （病理学）/pathogenesis（发病机理/发病原）疗法-pathy ,-pathic? neuropathy 神经病变 /nephropathy （肾病）/adrenopathy（肾上腺病）病态 -osis, -otic? neurosis（神经

24、症；神经衰弱症"tuberculosis（肺结核）/schistosomiasis （血吸虫病）增多 leukocytosis/granulocytosis（粒细胞增多）减少 -penia, -penic? leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia （红名田胞减少）/granulocytopenia（粒名田胞减少）? 小/微-let? droplet（小滴）/platelet （血小板）/leaflet （小叶）复合/多poly-? polyuria（多尿症）/polymer聚合物/polyopia视物显多症全/泛pan-? pancolectomy 全结肠切除

25、术/panmyelosis 全骨髓增生/pandemic全国流行的（疾病）? 相反dis-? disease （疾病，不健康）/disorder（失调）/disability（不健全，残疾）困难/障碍dys-? dysfunction（功能紊乱）/dyspepsia消化不良；胃弱/dyspnea （呼吸困难）不良mal-? malfunction（故障，失灵）/malnutrition（营养不良）/malpractice（玩忽职守,不良行为）炎症-itisappendicitis （阑尾炎）/bronchitis（支气管炎）/arthritis （关节炎）瘤/块-omalymphoma （淋巴

26、瘤）/adenoma 腺瘤/hematoma 血肿血症-emialeukemia 白血病 /septicemia 败血病 /bacteremia 菌血症痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia 止痛；无痛法/hypoalgesia 痛觉减退/ algometer痛觉测验计 麻痹-plegiahemiplegia （偏瘫）/pamplegia （全瘫）/myoplegia（肌瘫痪）?流出-rrhea? Diarrhea （腹泻）/hypermenorrhea （月经过多）/rhinorrhea（流鼻涕）坏死-necrosis , necro-/necr-? he

27、patonecrosis（月干坏死）/myonecrosis （肌坏死）/necrospermia（死精症）结石 litho-/-lith? lithiasis 结石病 /lithogenesis （结石形成）/cholelithes 胆结石3.与方位有关的前缀上 upper/superior: epi-/supra-? epidemic （流行病）/epithelium （上皮细胞）/supracostal（肋上的；肋外的）下 lower/inferior: infra-/sub-? infracostal肋骨下的 /subclavicular（锁骨下的"subcutaneous（

28、皮下的）前 front/anterior/prior: fore-/ante-/pre-? Forehead 前额/anteroposterior 前后的/precirrhosis（前期月干硬变）后 back/posterior: post-/retro-? Posthepatic 肝后的 /postprandial 餐后的 /retrocardiac 心脏后的 内 inner/internal: in-/endo-/ento-? Inhalation 吸入/endoscopy内窥镜检查/entocranial【解剖学】颅内的外 outer/external: ex-/exo-extract

29、取出/excretion（排泄，分泌物）间 between: inter-Intermuscular （肌间的）/intercostal（肋间部分）旁/ 副 on the side of: paraParathyroid（甲状旁腺的）/paraprotein （病变蛋白，副蛋白） /pararenal 肾旁的周,围 around : peri? Perioperative（围手术期的）/pericarditis 心包炎 /peritoneum 腹膜中心、central: centri-/centra- /centro-centrifugation 离心分离 /centralize 集中地 /c

30、entronucleus 中心核 反/对 opposite: counter-/contra-Counterpart（副本）/countershock 对抗休克 /contraindication 禁忌症注：in vivo/in ' vaivou/ 活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体夕卜或试管内；in situ/insaitju:/ 原位 4.与外科手术有关?切除：-ectomyAppendectomy阑尾切除术 /gastrectomy 胃切除术/splenectomy 脾切除术 切开:-tomyTracheotomy 气管切开术/hysterotomy 子宫切开术

31、/craniotomy穿颅术；颅骨切开术切（割）：-tome? tracheotome气管切开刀/thoracotome 开胸刀 吻合 -stomy? gastroesophagostomy胃食管吻合术成形术-plasty? Tracheoplasty 气管成形术/osteoplasty 外科骨成形术/myoplasty（肌成形造影:-graphy? Angiography血管造影/nephrography 肾实质造影/phlebography（静脉造影术）经： trans? Transabdominal 经腹的 /translateral经两侧的 /transurethral（经尿道的）?

32、注：-graphy 为方法，如： electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器,如：electrocardigraph 心电图机；gram为图象, 文字，如： electrocardiogram 心电图记录医学英语中的常用词缀-phasia 某种语言的变态speech演讲heterophasia 异语症uttering故意提供或传递伪造文件罪words that are different from those intended异语症， 错语症-lalia 含糊不清的讲话speech, babble coprolalia 秽语症compulsive use of obscene words （copro means“feces "）秽语症-lexia 苛性液葡萄干reading dyslexia 读写困难 difficulty in reading读写困难-plegia 麻痹，瘫痪paralysis tetraplegia四肢麻痹