学术英语(人文社科类)Unit 8

1、8 8Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart PowerPeople often associate power of a nation with military might or economic strength. Is there something more to the concept ofpower? The answer is in the affirmative, at least to some who study political science. This unit explores the complex nature of power and

2、how it impacts international relations.Text ACritical reading and thinkingTask 1 Text A draws on classification and definition to discuss the characteristics of power. Complete the following tree diagram about the characteristics of power according to the text.Suggested answersAsset vs. goalCharacte

3、ristics of powerIssue:Is power the more the better?Power is an asset thatcan be applied to_.Power is a goalas countries_sufficient power to_.help countriestry to seekUnit 8Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power achieve goalspursue national goalsText ACritical reading and thinkingTask 1 Text A draws on

4、classification and definition to discuss the characteristics of power. Complete the following tree diagram about the characteristics of power according to the text.Suggested answersHard power vs. soft powerCharacteristics of powerIssue:_?Hard power is tangible because it is easier toobserve _.Soft p

5、ower can bepotent point because ithas the ability to_.the resultattract othersUnit 8Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power Which is more desirableText ACritical reading and thinkingTask 2 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.Suggested answers1 In the e

6、nd those who have the greatest hard power will gain the upper hand in any conflicts.2 Power is normally associated with being tough and hard.3 We can compare power to money because like money it can be used to obtain what we desire.4 The more power a country has, the better it will become.FTTFUnit 8

7、Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power Text ACritical reading and thinkingTask 2 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.Suggested answers5 Soft power can enable a country to have it her way.6 Realists do not believe in soft power.7 Iraqi war demonstrated

8、 soft power.8 President Bush does not believe in soft power.TTFTUnit 8Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power Text ACritical reading and thinkingTask 3 One kind of interpretation of power is that hard power is more concerned with economic and military might while soft power is more about values and cult

9、ure. Work in pairs and discuss what the soft power of the following countries are.Suggested answers1 The U.S.: American fast food, high technology, Hollywood blockbusters 2 The U.K.: English literature, the royal family3 China: Chinese traditions and culture, Confucius InstituteUnit 8Hard Power, Sof

10、t Power, Smart Power Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 1 Specialized vocabulary1Match the words and expressions in Column A with their definitions in Column B.Column AColumn B1. balance of powera. a concept that describes the degree of equilibrium (balance) or disequilibrium (imbalance

11、) of power in the global or regional system2. soft powerb. the use of treats or force as a diplomatic tactic3. power capacityc. assets that can be used negatively as a treat or a sanction, or positively as an inducement by one country to shape the behavior of another country4. hard powerd. analysts

12、who believe that countries operate in their own self-interests and that politics is a struggle for powerfacgUnit 8Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 1 Specialized vocabulary1Match the words and expressions in Column A with their definitions in Column

13、B.Column AColumn B5 realistse. operating according to the belief that politics is based on the pursuit, possession, and application of power6 realpolitikf. traits of a country that attract other countries to emulate it or otherwise follow its lead through the power of example7 coercive diplomacyg. t

14、he sum of a countrys power assets that determine its potential for exercising international power8 national willpowerh. the willingness of a country to use its power capacity to influence global eventsedhbUnit 8Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 2 Sig

15、npost language2 Translate the following sentences into English using the expressions in the above box.To conclude , I wish the summit a complete success.We hope, in short, to bring theory and practice together.To sum up/ to summarise/ in summary/ there is no clear1 总之，这个案件没有确凿的证据。总之，这个案件没有确凿的证据。_2 最

16、后，我预祝峰会圆满成功。最后，我预祝峰会圆满成功。_3 简而言之，我们希望能将理论与实践结合起来。简而言之，我们希望能将理论与实践结合起来。_Unit 8Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power evidence of this case.Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 2 Signpost language2Translate the following sentences into English using the expressions in the above box.On the whol

17、e, it has been a successful year.Now, let me recap the main points.4 总的来说，这是成功的一年。总的来说，这是成功的一年。_5 现在我总结一下要点。现在我总结一下要点。_Unit 8Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 3 Formal English2Replace the underlined words and expressions in the following sentences wi

18、th the more formal ones from Text A.1 When the goals and interest of states conflict, which side will gain control is often decided by who has the most power. key: 2 Power in common usage carries the meaning of “hit-over-the-head” or “make you” capabilities key: 3 Power can be based on positive pers

19、uasion as well as negative coercion. In fact, power has many forms. key:4 Military muscle, wealth, and some others are fairly obvious and easy to feel. key:prevailconnotationIndeedUnit 8Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power tangibleLanguage building-upText ASuggested answersTask 3 Formal English2Repla

20、ce the underlined words and expressions in the following sentences with the more formal ones from Text A.5 We seek to acquire money and to build up a reserve against both anticipated needs and something that might happen unexpectedly. key:6 The fact that power has two sides, both as an asset and a goal creates a debate over whether more is always better. key:7 Other countries admiring its values, imitating its example, aspiring