初二英语全册复习资料(共29页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语八年级上册知识要点Unit 1 How often do you exercise?重点语法：频率副词 询问别人做某事的频繁程度 提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。例句：A: How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视？) B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。) A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜欢的节目是什么？) B: It's Animal World.(

2、是动物世界。) A: How often do you watch it?(你多长时间看一次这个节目？)主要频率副词的等级排序： always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)隔一段时间做某事数次用 数词 + 时间间隔 的结构构成。如： once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊词 once) twice a day 一天两次(“两次”用特殊词 twice) three times a month 一个月三次(三次或三次以上用 基数词 +

3、times 的结构构成) four times a year 一年四次特殊疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。特殊疑问句的构成及用法：结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句， 即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）疑问代词：1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree? 2）Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to? 3) Whose 谁的，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词 Whos

4、e pen is this? 4) Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lilys? 5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now? 疑问副词：When:何时，询问时间 When will she come back? Where何地，询问地点， Where do you come from? Why为什么，询问原因， Why ar

5、e you late for school? How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school? How old多大，询问年龄，How old is Jims little brother? How many/much多少，询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree? How far多远，询问距离， How far is it form your home to school? How long多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?

6、 How often多长时间按一次，询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents? How soon多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back? 频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always. 重点短语：how often 多久一次 as for 至于；关于 how many 多少（针对可数名词） how much 多少（针对不可数名词） of course = sure 当然；确信 look after = take care of = care

7、 for 照顾；照看 a lot of = lots of = plenty of 许多；大量 every day 每一天 every night 每晚 hardly ever 几乎不 be good for 对有益 be good for one's health 有益健康 try to do sth. 尝试做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 kind of 有点 want sb. to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事 keep in good health 保持健康 No two men think ali

8、ke. 人心各异。Unit 2 What's the matter?重点语法：询问别人如何感觉 了解人体器官和部位的英文名称 了解一些常见病的英文名称 告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了病2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形例句：A: What's the matter?(怎么了？) B: I'm not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。) A: When

9、did it start?(什么时候开始的？) B: About two days ago.(大约两天前开始的。) A: Oh, that's too bad.(哦，这很糟糕。)You should lie down and rest.(你应该躺下休息。) B: Yes, I think so.(是的，我是这么认为的。) A: I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康复。)重点短语： have a cold 患感冒 shouldn't = should not be stressed out 紧张的；有压力的 a few 有些；几个（针对可数名词）

10、a little bit 有些；几个（针对不可数名词） at the moment 此刻；现在 What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the problem? 怎么了？ lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a doctor 看病 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 listen to 听 for example 举个例子 be good for 对有益 it's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）（加形容词） get tired 感到疲倦 s

11、tay healthy 保持健康 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 need to do sth. 需要做某事Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?重点语法：用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态 强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行,要用到句型“be+doing”,其中be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。一肯定句中，结构为“be+doing.” I am going shopping th

12、is afternoon. 二否定句是在be之后加not. Im not going to shopping this afternoon. 三一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?Yes, I am/ we are. No, Im not./ We arent. 四特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping? Who are you going there with? Where is she going?例句：A:

13、What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林辉，放假准备干什么呢？) B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。) A: That sounds interesting!(这听起来很有趣。)What are you doing there?(你去那里准备干些什么事？) B: I'm going hiking in the mountains.(我准备上山徒步旅行。)How about you, Tony?(你呢，托尼？)What are you doing for vacation?(你放假

14、准备干些什么呢？) A: I'm visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(我要去拜访我在香港的朋友。) B: Oh yeah?(是吗？)How long are you staying?(你要去多久啊？) A: Just for four days.(只去四天。)I don't like going away for too long.(我不想远走太长时间。) B: Well, have a good time!(祝你旅途愉快！)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!(记得从香港寄一张明信片回来！) A: Sure. Sh

15、ow me your photos when we get back to school.(当然。当我们再回学校的时候，再看看你的照片。)重点短语：how long 多久 get back = come back 回来 take a vacation = have a vacation 去度假 a lot = very much 很；非常 be going to do sth. 将要去做某事 sound + adj. 听起来（加形容词） sound like + n. 听起来像（加名词） have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 show

16、 sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看 want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 spend sometime in doing sth. 花时间做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 ask sb. about sth. 询问某人某方面的事情 go shopping 去购物 leave for 离开去某地Unit 4 How do you get to school?重点语法：用 How 引导的特殊疑问句, 有How, how far, how long

17、, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。 其中询问别人做某事的方式 其回答有多种方式，其中一种结构是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的结构。 询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 be + (distance) + away + from 的结构。特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about?+ 名词或动词-ing形式，用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis?例句：A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上学？) B: I take the su

18、bway.(我乘地铁去上学。) A: How far is it from your home to school?(从家到学校多远？) B: It's three miles.(有三英里远。) A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(从家到学校需要花多长时间？) B: It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分钟。)重点短语：by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车 how far 多远 depend on 依赖于 by boat = take the boat 乘船 look at

19、 看 by train = take the train 乘火车 by bike = ride one's bike 骑车 by subway =take the subway 乘地铁 by plane = take the plane 乘飞机 on foot 走路 get up 起床 have breakfast 吃早饭 leave for somewhere 离开去某地 take sb. to somewhere 带某人去某地 half an hour = thirty minutes 半小时（三十分钟） around the world = all over the world

20、全世界 get to school 到学校 think of 认为 on weekend 在周末Unit 5 Can you come to my party?重点语法：询问并请求某人做某事，以及情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答情态动词can的用法：Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can的否定形式为cannot，cant. can表“能力”，意思是：能，会 I can paly basketball,but I cant swim. can表示能力时可和be able to 互换，be able to有更多的时态，常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They

21、 will be able to run this machine on their own in three months. 表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people. 表示允许，意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it. 表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”This cant be true. Can it be true? 如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请表达邀请的常用句型：Can you come to? Could

22、 you come to? Would you like to come to? Do you want to come to? 接受邀请的常用句型：Sure. Certainly. OK. Id love to. 谢绝邀请的常用句型：Im sorry, I cant. I have toIm afraid I cant. I have toI dont think I can. I have to例句：A: Hey, Dave.(你好，戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看电影吗？) B: I'm sorry, I can&#

23、39;t.(对不起，我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(这个周末我有太多作业要做。) A: That's too bad.(这太糟了。)Maybe another time.(只好等下一次了。) B: Sure, Joe.(当然，乔。)Thanks for asking.(谢谢你的邀请。)重点短语：the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday 前天 come over 来访 study for a test 复习迎考 go to the doctor = see the doc

24、tor 看病 have to 不得不；必须（强调客观上） must 不得不；必须（强调主观上） help sb. with sth. = help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 too much + n. 太多（针对不可数名词） too many + n. 太多（针对可数名词） much too + adj. 太（加形容词） go to the movies 看电影 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 thanks for doing sth. 为（做）某事而感谢 go to the dentist 看牙医 be going to do sth. 将要做某事（该

25、事已计划好） will do sth. 将要做某事（该事尚未计划） keep quiet 保持安静Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.重点语法：形容词的比较级，规则变化、不规则变化在两件或多件事物中进行比较 使用形容词的比较级和最高级than 是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是“比”，用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.Youre older than I am. You are older than me.形容词比较级前，有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, thre

26、e times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点；even表示“甚至，更加，还要”even bigger还要大些，three times表示 “三倍”，如three times bigger than 比大三倍Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级，very,so,too, quite 修饰原级 通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加 -er(以e结尾的单词直接加r，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-er)的结构构成，最高级是在形容词前加 the ，形容词后加 -

27、est(以e结尾的单词直接加st，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-est)的结构构成。(eg/ big bigger the biggest 形容词 big 的原级、比较级和最高级；small smaller the smallest 形容词 small 的原级、比较级和最高级) 当一个单词有3个或以上音节时，其比较级是在形容词前加 more 的结构，其最高级是在形容词前加 the most 的结构构成。(eg/ expensive more expensive the most expensive 形容词 expensive 的原级、比较级和最高级；outgoing more outgoi

28、ng the most outgoing 形容词 outgoing 的原级、比较级和最高级)例句：A: Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活泼开朗一些。) B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一样。)We are both quiet.(我们都很静。) A: Do you look the same?(你们长相相像吗？) B: No, I'm a little taller than her.(不，我比她高

29、一点。)重点短语：more than 超出 in common 共同的 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 most of 大多数 in some ways 在某些方面 the same as 与一样 make sb. + adj. 让某人（感觉）（加形容词） stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停止当前做的事去做另一件事 begin with 以开始 each other 互相 enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得高兴 spend sometime in doing s

30、th. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 on a farm 在农场Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?重点语法：l 描述一个过程服从别人的指令询问做某事的过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句分步回答用 first(首先), next(接着), then(然后), finally(最后) 等时间副词引导从句。例句：A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉？) B: First cut up three bananas, three appl

31、es and a watermelon.(首先切三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下来把水果放到一个碗里。)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。) Finally mix it all up.(最后将它们放在一起搅拌。)l 可数名词与不可数名词一可数名词英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个，如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除

32、外），如two bananas three tomatoes many apples a few students few bags二不可数名词1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of 2.常见的量词短语有：a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of 3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much， a little， little4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有：Lots of= a lot

33、 of许多，大量 some一些（用于肯定句） any一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句）重点短语：turn on 打开（电器）闭合开关 turn off 关闭（电器）断开开关 cut up 切碎 mix up 混合 add . to . 把加到上 pour . into . 把浇到里面 put . in . 把放到里面 put . on . 把放到上面 a cup of 一杯 a teaspoon of 一勺Unit 8 How was your school trip?重点语法：一般过去时态结构：主语 + 谓语动词的过去式 + 宾语 谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态 do/does 的一般过去时态

34、形式：did一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词was/were 否定：wasnt /werent Be动词句型 一般疑问句：was/were +主语特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语陈述句：主语+was/were+(肯定句) 否定句：主语+wasnt/werent+行为动词句型（当句中

35、的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句）肯定式：主语+动词过去式否定式：主语+didnt+动词原形一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形特殊疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形例句：Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。) She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亚州。) The weather was beautiful.(那儿的天气很好。) I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)重点短语：hang out 闲逛 sleep late 睡过头 take photos = tak

36、e pictures 照相 have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 at the end of 在的尽头 the class monitor 班长 a day off 一整天 go for a drive 开车兜风 have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快 a bowl of 一碗 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事一些不规则动词的原形和过去式：hang hung buy bought sleep slept read/ri:d/ read/red/Unit 9 When was he born?重点语

37、法：一般过去时的特殊疑问句 谈论著名人物一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态，即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+（表语）+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”以when引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，句型是：When was/wereborn? was/were born in +时间When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的？He was born in 1975.二以how long 引导的特殊疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进

38、行提问。句型是： How long did + 主语+动词？How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.三When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝？When +did+主语+动词？例句：A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯·史密斯打嗝了多长时间？) B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 个月。) A: When did he

39、start hiccupping?(他什么时候开始打嗝的？) B: He started in 1922.(他从 1922 年就开始打嗝了。) A: When did he stop hiccupping?(他什么时候停止打嗝的？) B: He stopped in 1990.(他到 1990 年才停止打嗝。)重点短语：too . to . 太以致不能 take part in = join 参加 because of 因为 major in 主修；专研 start doing sth. 开始做某事（该事已计划好） start to do sth. 开始做某事（该事尚未计划） spend so

40、metime with sb. 花时间和某人在一起 spend sometime in doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（强调全局） see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）Unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player.重点语法：一般将来时态，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you goi

41、ng to do next Sunday? 2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week. 3. be +V-ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow. 4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 oclock. 5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin. do/does 的两种一般将来时态形式：will do；be going to do 两种形式

42、的区别：will do 强调事情尚未计划好而即将做 be going to do 强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做 本单元重点强调 be going to do 的形式。例句：A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你准备干些什么？) B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音乐课。)I really love music.(我很喜欢音乐。) A: Sounds interesting.(听起来很有趣。)I'm going to learn a foreign language

43、.(我明年要学一门外语。)重点短语：grow up 成长；长大 at the same time 同时 all over 遍及 all over the world = around the world 全世界 be going to do sth. 将要做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 study hard 努力学习 take lessons 上课 sound + adj. 听起来（加形容词） sound like + n. 听起来像（加名词） save money 存钱 buy sb. sth. = by sth. for sb. 给某人买某物 buy sth.

44、with the money 用钱买某物 write articles 写文章 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 play sports 运动 keep fit 保持健康 write to sb. 给某人写信 enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?重点语法：情态动词情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。如：Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定)等。情态动词的特点：(1)情态动词有一定

45、词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now. (2)变否定句时，直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He cant play the guitar well.He cant answer the question. You mustnt be late.(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?(4)can 可表示

46、能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以。”cant, 意为“不能，不会，不可以。”，还有“不可能”之意。-Can you drive? Sorry, I cant. It cant be true.(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请Can you please sweep the floor? 委婉请求别人做某事 引导词用 can, shall, will 等情态动词的过去时态例句：A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的电脑吗？) B: Sorry. I'm going to work on it now.(对不起，我正在忙着用

47、电脑。) A: Well, could I watch TV?(那么，我能看电视吗？) B: Yes, you can.(是，你可以看电视。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打扫完房间之后。)重点短语：do the dishes = wash the dishes 洗碗 take out 取出 make one's bed 整理床铺 work on 从事；忙于 do chores = do housework 干家务 do the laundry = wash the clothes 洗衣服 take care of = care for =

48、 look after 照看；照顾 sweep the floor 扫地 fold one's clothes 叠衣服 go to the movies 看电影 get a ride 骑车 go to a meeting 开会 hate (to do/doing) sth. 讨厌做某事 like (to do/doing) sth. 喜欢做某事 invite sb. to somewhere 邀请某人去某地 go to the store = go shopping 购物 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（该事尚未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做某事（该事

49、已做过） give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 买某物给某人 on vacation 度假Unit 12 What's the best radio station?重点语法：在各事物间进行比较 用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级，本单元重点讲形容词/副词的最高级，即用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个 “最”the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates. 最高级可被序数词以及much, by fa

50、r,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest. 表示最高程度的形容词，excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher. 形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是，被修饰的词往往省略。He is the youngest (boy) in his class. Who/Which +be+最高级，A,B,or C? Who is the most use

51、ful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car? the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class. One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.例句：A: Hello! I'm a reporter.(你好，我是记者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能问你一些问题吗？) B: Sure.(当然可以。) A: What's the best clothing store in town?(城里最好的服装店是哪一家？) B: I think Jason's is the best.(我认为杰森服装店是最好的。) A: Why do you think so?(为什么这样认为呢？) B: Jason's has the best quality clo