高级英语下lesson 12

1、Lesson 12 why I writeThe Spanish Civil War(July.18 ,1936Mar.28,1939)西班牙西班牙内战是在西班牙第二内战是在西班牙第二共共和和国发生的一场内战，由共和国发生的一场内战，由共和国总统曼努埃尔国总统曼努埃尔阿扎尼亚的共阿扎尼亚的共和政府军与人民阵线左翼联盟和政府军与人民阵线左翼联盟对抗以弗朗西斯科对抗以弗朗西斯科佛朗哥佛朗哥为中为中心的西班牙心的西班牙国民军国民军和长枪党等和长枪党等右翼集团；反法西斯的人民阵右翼集团；反法西斯的人民阵线和共和政府有线和共和政府有苏联苏联和墨西哥和墨西哥的援助，而佛朗哥的国民军则的援助，而佛朗哥的国民

2、军则有有纳粹德国纳粹德国、意大利王国和葡、意大利王国和葡萄牙的支持，因为西班牙意识萄牙的支持，因为西班牙意识形态的冲突和轴心集团与共产形态的冲突和轴心集团与共产势力的代理战争，使西班牙内势力的代理战争，使西班牙内战被认为是战被认为是第二次世界大战第二次世界大战发发生的前奏。生的前奏。Spanish Civil War & OrwelWhy I Write (1946) is detailing Orwells personal journey to becoming a writer. First published in the Summer 1946 edition of Gangrel,

3、 it not only offers a type of mini-biography, but also examines the motivation of writing itself through the four reasons Orwell felt people write.contents:part 1 (1-4): this part is talking about his early experience as a child and his early writing practice as a green-hand(新手).part 2 (5-9): a writ

4、ers works are closely associated with the time he lives in.part 3 (10-14): by nature, he is a writer who gives priority to the first three motives. Though most of his writings politically-oriented, he tries to fuse esthetic form and political content.contents:outrage v. 触犯，违反。如：outrage common sense

5、N. 1.愤怒；义愤；愤慨 2.暴行；骇人听闻的事 3.骇人听闻的事件 When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.outrageoussomewhat in some measure or degree ; to some extent.往往后跟形容词。如：The result was somewhat surprising. 结果有些让人感到吃惊。He looked somewhat annoyed. 他显得有些不高兴。 facility ability to perform something easily 灵巧，便

6、利，熟练。如: He translated sth with great facility. 他翻译时驾轻就熟。He showed facility in painting. 他在画画方面显得很熟练。Cf. faculty n. 能力，技能；系，学科，学院；全体教员narcissism 自恋，（精神分析）自我陶醉症。Narcissus （希腊神话） （爱上自己映在水中姿影的美少年，溺死后化为水仙花。） filter through pass or slip through slowly 渗出，（光等）漏出透至。如：The new ideas are filtering into the chi

7、ldrens minds.Sunlight filtered through the window.meticulous taking or showing extreme care about small details.过分仔细的。如:She is meticulous in her dress.。He is very meticulous in checking his accounts.arrestingattracting attention; striking. 迷人的。如:a person of arresting good looks An arresting sight C.

8、f. arrest captureassess evaluate 评估。如; assess the importance of /the value of 评估的重要性/价值; assess the situation审时度势。assessment n . discipline train and control the mind 控制。如：You should learn to discipline yourself more.你应该学会更好地控制自己。 Mathematics and physics are related disciplines.vary vary fromto随着而变化

9、。如：Prices of vegetables vary from season to season .蔬菜价格随季节变化而变化。Opinions vary from individual to individual.仁者见仁，智者见智。 Varied variablevaried 1.各种各样的;各不相同的;形形色色的；多变的, 变化的, 不同的 2.多彩的;杂色的 variable1.变化的, 可变的, 易变的，多变的，变化无常的 2. 可更改的；可变的 strivestrive after, for / against : to struggle hard to get or conqu

10、er 为奋斗。如：strive for freedom / excellence 追求自由/卓越。 outweigh to be more important than 比.更重要，胜过。如：My love for my parents outweighs everything else.我对父母的爱重于一切。 Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?有利因素大于不利因素吗？ guise general outside appearance 外观。如: an old idea in a new guise 新瓶装旧酒。 in the guise

11、 of 打扮。如: a thief in the guise of a salesman 打扮成推销员的小偷。Cf. disguise reconcileaccept or be resigned to something not desired.使和解，调解;使能安于，将就接受。如: He had to reconcile himself to his fate .reconcile work and rest 劳逸结合。He could not reconcile himself to such a low position .reconcile ones ideal with reali

12、ty ingrained根深蒂固的。如: ingrained morality 根深蒂固的德行真题再现35. Putting aside the need to earn a living, I think there are four great _ for writing, at any rate for writing prose. （200710）motives53. Her feelings _ between excitement and fear. （200710）A. fluctuated B. changed80. 先不说写作是为了养家糊口，我认为写作有四个主要动机，至少写散

13、文是如此。 （200810）1 我介绍这些背景情况是因为我认为要判定一个作家的写作动机,就得对其早年的经历有所了解.作家的题材总是由他所处的时代决定的,至少在我们这个动荡不安的时代是如此。I give all this background information because I do not think one can assess a writers motives without knowing something of his early development. His subject matter will be determined by the age he lives i

14、n-at least this is true in tumultuous ages like our own.2 一个人越是意识到了他的政治倾向,他就有越多的机会在把作品政治化的同时不偏废审美和心智的追求。The more one is conscious of ones political bias, the more chance one has of acting politically without sacrificing ones aesthetic and intellectual integrity.A 1. He wants to write books with a po

15、litical purpose. 2. The four great motives are: (1) sheer egoism (2) aesthetic enthusiasm (3) historical impulse (4) political purpose. 3. He is against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism. A 4. He thinks that the more one is conscious of ones political bias, the more chance one has of acti

16、ng politically without sacrificing ones aesthetic and intellectual integrity. 5. The Spanish war and other events in 1936. A6. No. He thinks that by the time you have perfected any style of writing, you have always outgrown it. 7. He thinks that we shouldnt write sheer purple passage which is meanin

17、gless. 8. Yes. B1而后形成了不讨人喜欢的癖性，使我在整个学生生涯中都不受欢迎。 2作为一个小孩，我常常想象着自己是令人激动的冒险故事的主角。 3一缕金黄的阳光透过平纹薄棉布窗帘，斜射在桌子上。 4他写作的主题是由他生活的时代所决定的。 B 5我认为有四种写作动机，至少写散文是这样。 6认为艺术应当与政治无关的观点本身就是一种政治态度。 7这更加深了我对当局本能的憎恨，第一次真正意识到了工人阶级的存在。 81936年至1937年发生的西班牙战争和其他一些事件改变了这种情况，我了解了我的立场。C 1. effaced 2. slant 3. outgrown 4. perverse

18、 5. shivering 6. outweighs 7. reconciled 8. undervalued D 1. immature 2. fluctuated 3. force 4. reconciled 5. downright 6. simile 7. shivers 8. readable E 1. unsociable disposition 2. people who are imagined, not real people 3. the usual kind of writing that I was obliged to do 4. attract listeners

19、E 5. those most respected in society 6. collect them for the future use by the descendants 7. the same group, party or cause 8. knew by chance FAs a very small child, I made up my mind to become a writer in future. When I became a writer, what I have most wanted to do is to make political writing in

20、to a work of art. The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is wrong. FWriting is exposing lies, protecting truth and also an aesthetic experience. Animal Farm was the book in which I tried to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole. Writing should serve the soc

21、iety and the public.FThis is the principle I must follow. If a writer lacks political purpose, he will only write some purple passages, even some humbug. GAccording to Orwell, no book is genuinely free from political bias. The opinion that art should have nothing to with politics is itself a political attitude. If a writer lacks a political pu