冠词、数词、形容词的用法及练习-初中英语

1、冠词、数词、形容词的用法及练习-初中英语冠词的用法专题精讲及同步练习 -命题趋势 冠词虽小,只有a,an和the三个,但却是历年各地中考必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言,以单项选择为主,有时在完形填空中出现。从命题意图看,以考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别、不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别为主。同时考查冠词的各种不同用法。 -考查重点 冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法,定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。其中,不定冠词与定冠词的用法区别以及在具体语言环境中冠词的应用是历年中考试题老师。 Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉 4.在星期,月份,季节,节日前。例如:on Sunday在周日

2、,in March在三月,in spring在春天,on Womens Day在妇女节 (特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,那么要加定冠词:He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。) 5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:Tom汤姆,Mum妈妈 6.在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如:I have lunch at school every day. 特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the

3、 football?那只足球在哪儿?(指足球,并非“球类运动) 7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。例如:No.25 Middle School 8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。 (1)与by连用的交通工具名称前:by bus乘公共汽车;by car乘汽车;by bike骑/坐自行车;by train乘火车;by air/plane乘飞机;by sea/ship乘船,但take a bus,in a boat,on the bike前需用冠词 (2)名词词组:day and night日日夜夜;brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻;her

4、e and there到处 (3)介词词组:at home在家;in surprise惊奇地;at noon在中午;on foot步行;at night在晚上;on duty值日;at work在工作;on time准时;for example例如;in class在上课;on show展览;in bed在床上 (4)go短语:go home回家;go to bed上床睡觉;go to school去上学;go to work去上班;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼 六.用与不用冠词的差异 in hospital住院/in th

5、e hospital在医院里 go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边 on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上,在世上 in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(内部的)前面 take place发生/take the place(of)代替 at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁 by sea乘船/by the sea在海边 in future从今以后,将来/in the future未来 go to school(church)上学(做礼拜)/go to the school(church)到学校(教堂)去 o

6、n horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上 two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人) out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的,办不到的 next year明年/the next year 第二年 a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人) 七、例题剖析 例1.He gave my sister _useful book yesterday. A. an B. a C. / D the

7、【答案】B useful的第一个音素为ju 应选B。 例2.My brother is_ honest boy, so he has many friends. A. a B. an C. the D / 【答案】B honest 的第一个音素为元音。 例3.More college graduates would like to work in_ west part of country_ next year. A. the; the B. /; / C. /; the D. the; / 【答案】A 方位名词前加the,in the west part;由句意可知为第二年,即the nex

8、t year。 例4.There is a big tree_ the house. A. in the front of B. in front of C. in front D. at class 【答案】B 由句意可知是物体外部的前面。 例5.Jim always answers the teachers questions _. A. in class B. in the class C. after class D. at class 【答案】A 课上答复老师的问题,应选in class。 八、同步练习 1.There is _ apple on the desk. A. a B .

9、the C. an D./ 2.The girl under _ tree is my sister. A. a B .the C .an D./ 3.Mary is from _ USA. A. a B. the C. an D./ 4.He met _ friend of his on the road. A. a B .the C .an D./ 5.Mr Black will go back to England_. A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train 6.Yesterday I went to_ work on _fo

10、ot. A. /, / B ./, the C .the, / D. the, the 7.There is _“h in the word “hour, but_ “hdoesnt make a sound. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, ,an D .an. the 8.Im going to see my mother. She is ill _. A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital 9. We have three meals _day. We have break

11、fast at 6:30 in _morning every day. A. the, the, the B. the, /, the C. a, /, the D .a, the, the 10.This is_ film Ive told you about several times. Its great. Ive never seen _ more moving one. A. a, a B. the, the C. the, a D. a, the 11.Tina,could you please play_ piano for me while Im singing? With p

12、leasure. A .a B. an C. the D. / 12.I want to try again. Please give me_ third chance again. A .a B. the C. an D. / 13. Whats the matter with you? I caught_ bad cold and had to stay in_ bed. A. a; / B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the 14._ sun is shining brightly. A. A B. An C. The D. / 15. Swimming is_ in

13、 summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun 参考答案: 1-5CBBAA 6-10ADACC 11-15CAACB数词的用法数词:表示数目、多少和顺序先后的词叫数词。数词有两种：表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如：one，ten twenty-three；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如：first，third，twentieth。基数词相当于名词，在句中可做主语、表语、定语、状语等。如：Three of my classmates are from Shanghai.I am twenty this year.

14、They have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon.1)序数词的构成：大多数的序数词是由基数词加-th构成。如：sevenseventh；tententh以-t结尾的基数词只在词尾加-h。如：eighteighth以-ve结尾的基数词改-ve为f再加-th。如：fivefifth；twelvetwelfth以-y结尾的基数词改-y为-ie再加-th。如：twentytwentieth，thirtythirtieth几十几的序数词只在个位数表达。如：twenty-onetwenty-first；thirty-three

15、thirty-third特殊的序数词：onefirst；twosecond；threethird； nineninth2)序数词在句中同样可做主语、表语、定语、状语等。如：June the first is Childrens Day.When did you first meet each other?She was the last to arrive.3.数词的用法：1)表示年、月、日，“年用基数词，“日用序数词。如：May eleventh，20072)表示时间。如： Its eleven twenty.3)表示编号。编号既可以用基数词表示，也可以用序数词表示。区别是基数词用在名词之后

16、，序数词位于名词之前，并加定冠词。如：Lesson Nine；the Ninth Lesson4)介词 in ones+整数数词的复数形式，表示年龄。如：She is in her early forties.(她四十出头。)5)序数词前加冠词“a表示“再一次。如：Can I try a second time?6)在hundred，thousand，million，billion前有数词时为实数意义，它们的词尾不能加复数。前无数词时为虚数意义，hundred，thousand，million，billion可加复数，并可和of连用，构成短语。如：five hundred students；m

17、illions of people分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s，如：1/5：one fifth2/3：two thirds2-：two and three quarters0.09：point zero nine2.7：two point seven90%：ninety percent0.5%：point five percent表示两倍时用twice，表示三倍以上的倍数时用times。如：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.This desk is twice as large as that one.8.算式表达法：5

18、+6：five plus six(or five and six)7-6：seven minus six23：two multiplied by three(or two times three)8/4：eight divided by four1)当名词词组中心词为表示时间、路程、金钱或重量等复数名词时，往往根据意义一致的原那么，把这些复数名词看做一个整体，谓语采用单数形式。如：Twenty dollars is not enough.Two months has passed before we realized.但是如果“数词单用，表示人或物，谓语动词一般用复数。如：Three were

19、 killed and ten were missing in that accident.2)如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数+of-词组，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of-词组中名词或代词的单、复数形式：如果of-词组中名词或代词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；如果of-词组中名词或代词是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：Two thirds of the earth is covered with water.Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.3)如果主语是many a，more than one+单数名词

20、构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Many a student in this class has hoped a long break.4)a+单数名词+or two做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如one or two+复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：A word or two is missed in the sentence.One or two words are missed in the sentence.巧记形容词的排列顺序 当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词,形容词该如何排列?为什么不能说a black new pen,而是说成a new black pen?这

21、里面有无规那么可循?如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词,就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。 Opshacom中p代表opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等; sh代表shape,指表示形状的形容词,如long,short,round, narrow等; a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old,new,young等; c代表colour,指表示颜色的形容词,如red,black, orange等; o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等; m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,aluminium等。 英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列,如a nice long new black British plastic pen当然,实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。 请根据形容词排列规那么