高级英语第三版2_张汉熙

1、Lesson One1. And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2. Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepar

2、ed to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each oth

3、ers private lives. 5. .it could still go ignorantly on .The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the tabl

4、e to eat, we call their meet beef.7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8. English had come

5、royally into its own.English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the Kings English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The w

6、orking people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is always a great

7、danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.a. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not i

8、ndulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。b. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。c. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing i

9、n English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。d. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it -she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind-but her remark fell quite naturally into

10、 the talk.我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的-她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题-但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。e. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .”下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。f. Words are not themselves a reality ,but only representati

11、ons of it ,and the Kings English ,like the Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class representation of reality.词语本身并不是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁-法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。g. Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict , and made immune to change from below.或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它不能被

12、制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变化。h. There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing , or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.如果一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字，或者试图使用那些创作书面散文的文字，那么没有比这样的交谈者更糟糕的了。i. When E.M. Forster writes of “

13、the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase , the force and even terror in the image.当E.M.福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力，甚至可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。j. There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meeting of “ the Kings

14、English.”那天晚上如果我们立刻解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有第二天晚上的谈话了。 Lesson Three1. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to claim all men were created equal and God had endowed them with certain unalienable rights

15、which no state or ruler could take away from them. However ,today this issue has not yet been settled in many countries around the world .2. This much we pledge- and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Un

16、ited and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a large number of joint undertakings.4. .our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace.The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war

17、 have far surpassed the instruments of peace.5. .to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in force.6. .before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in

18、planned or accidental self-destruction.Before the terrible forces of destruction, which atomic bombs can now release,overwhelm mankind, which may be planned or brought about by an accident7. .yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the band of mankinds final war.Yet both

19、 groups of nations are attempting to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power that restrains each group from launching mankind;s final war.8. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness.So let us start once again , be

20、aring in mind that being polite is not a sign of weakness.9. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.10. .each generation of Americans h

21、as been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country by frighting and dying for their countrys cause.11. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go

22、 forth to lead the land we love.Let us lead the country we love , knowing our sure reward will be a good conscience and history will finally judge whether we have done our task well or not. l We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginn

23、ing , signifying renewal as well as change.我们今天庆祝的不是一个政党的胜利，而是一个自由的盛会，它代表这一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开端，它代表着重生和改变。l Let the word go forth from this time and place , to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century,tempered by war, disciplined by a har

24、d and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed , and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.此时此地我向朋友和敌人宣布：火炬已经传递给了新一代的美国人，他们出生于本世纪，经受过战争的洗礼，受过冷峻而苦涩的和平的考验

25、，以我们的古代遗产为傲，不愿意见到或者允许这些人权被逐渐取消。这个国家一直致力于维护这些人权，如今我们在国内和全世界也在维护这些人权。l Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price , bear any burden, meet any hardship , support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.让世界上每一个希望我们成功或窘迫的国家知道：

26、我们将不惜任何代价，承担任何责任，应对任何艰难，支持一切朋友，反对一切敌人，以确保自由的幸存和成功。l United , there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. 只要我们团结起来，我们将在大量的合作型事业中战无不胜。l Divided, there is little we can do ,for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.如果分裂开来，我们将一事无成，因为我们不能在争执中去应对巨大的挑战，我们的关系会崩裂

27、。l If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.如果自由的社会不能帮助多数穷人，它就不能拯救少数的富人。l We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.我们不敢以软弱来诱惑它们。因为只有当我们的军备力量

28、无疑是非常充足的时候，我们才能确保不会使用武力。l In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine,will rest the final success or failure of our course.我们的同胞们，我们事业成败的关键与其说掌握在我的手中，不如说掌握在你们的手中。l Now the trumpet summons us again-not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle , though embattled we ar

29、e; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle , year in and year out , “rejoicing in hope , patient in tribulation,” a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny , poverty disease and war itself.现在号角再次向我们吹响-不是号召我们扛起武器，虽然我们需要武器；不是号召我们去参加战斗，虽然我们严阵以待；而是号召我们为迎接黎明而肩负起漫长斗争的责任，年复一年，

30、”从希望中得到欢乐，在苦难中保持坚韧“， 去反对人类共同的敌人：专制、贫困、疾病和战争本身l With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds,let us go forth to lead the land we love , asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth Gods work must truly be our own.良心是我们唯一可靠的报酬，历史是我们行为的最终裁判，

31、让我们出发去领导我们所热爱的国家，祈求上帝的祝福和帮助，但是要明白上帝在人间的工作毕竟就是我们自己的工作。Lesson Four1. A nice enough young fellow, you understand ,but nothing upstairs.He is a nice enough young fellow,you know , but he is empty-headed.2. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.A passing fashion or craze ,in my opinion, shows a

32、 complete lack of reason.3. I should have known theyd come back when the Charleston came back.I should have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s,came back.4. “All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where ve you been?”All t

33、he important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you dont know?5. My brain , that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is precision instrument, began to work at high speed.6. With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.Except for one th

34、ing(intelligence)Polly had all the other requirements.7. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.8. In fact, she veered in the opposite

35、direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction,that is , she was not intelligent but rather stupid.9. “ In other words ,if you were out of the picture,the field would be open. Is that right?”If you were no longer involved with her, others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.10

36、. Back and forth his head swiveled , desire waxing, resolution waning. His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to abandon Polly became weaker.11. This loomed as a proje

37、ct of no small dimensions. To teach her to think seemed to be a rather big task.12. Admittedly it was not a prospect fraught with hope ,but I decided to give it one more try.One must admit the outcome did not look very hopeful, but I decided to try one more time.13. There is a limit to what flesh an

38、d blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear .14. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein , and my monster had me by the throat.I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly ultimately rejected me and ruined my

39、 plan.15. Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me .Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic which was overwhelming me.l My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as chemists scales. As penetrating as a scalpel.l 我的大脑如发电机一样强大，像化学家的平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。l To be swept up

40、in every new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it-this , to me , is the acme od mindlessness.被卷入每一股新来的时尚之中，因为其他人都是这样做，自己也进去傻干-这对于我而言，简直就是愚蠢至极。l Let me emphasize that my desire for this young woman was not emotional in nature.我强调一下我渴望得到这个妙龄少女

41、不是情感的驱动使然。l It is , after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.毕竟，与使这个丑陋而聪明的女孩变漂亮相比，使一个美丽的愚笨的女孩变得聪明要容易得多。l He was a torn man, First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. Then he turned away and set his jaw resolut

42、ely.他神情不安。先是带着面包店橱窗旁边的流浪儿的那种神情盯着大衣。然后转过头，坚定地咬紧牙关。l Maybe somewhere is the extinct crater of her mind , a few embers still smoldered.说不定她头脑中死火山口某处还有闷燃的余烬。l After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs, to guide them during a trial, carpenters have blueprints

43、to guide them when they are building a house.毕竟，外科医生在做手术时有X 光线作为指导，律师在审判时有辩护状作为指导，木匠在建造房子的时候有蓝图作为指导。l If Madame Curie had not happened to leave a photographic plate in a drawer with a chunk of pitch blend,the world today would not know about radium.如果居里夫人没有把一张相片底片放在装有沥青铀矿的抽屉了，今天的世人就不会知道镭了。l Suddenly

44、, a glimmer of intelligence -the first I had seen- came into her eyes.突然，一道智慧的灵光-第一次看见-在她的眼中闪现。l Heartened by the knowledge that Polly was not altogether a cretin,I begin a long, patient review of all I had told her. 知道波利并不完全是个白痴，我感到很振奋，于是我开始把给她讲过的一切时间、耐心地复习了一遍。Lesson Five1. The slighted mention of

45、the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged.At the very mention of this postwar period ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was , in any case ,inevitable .In any case,an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class resp

46、ectability and affected refinement.3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4. .it was tempted ,in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behi

47、nd an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication.In America at least,the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit

48、.The young found greater pleasure in drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful,added a sense of adventure.6. .our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. .they “wanted to get into the fun before the who

49、le thing turned belly up.”The young wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole ended.8. .they had outgrown towns and families.These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their hometowns or their families.9. .the returning veteran also had to face the sodden,Na

50、poleonic cynicism of Versailles,the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition.The returning veteran also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did,and to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the

51、people.10. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”.(Under all this force and pressure)something in the youth of America,who were already very tense ,had to break down.11. .it was only natural that hopeful young writers , their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, an

52、d “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center.It was only natural that hopeful young writers ,whose minds and writings were full of violent anger against war, Babbittry,and “Puritanical” gentility,should come in largen numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditiona

53、l artistic center.12. Each town had its “fast”set which prided itself on itself on its unconventionality.Each town was proud that it had a group of wild ,reckless people,who lived unconventional lives.l No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized tha

54、n the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation.在20世纪生活的方方面面中，所谓的青年一代的反抗是人们评论最多和渲染最严重的。l The answers to such inquiries must of necessity be “yes”and “no”-”yes”because the business of growing up is always accompanied by irresponsible ,and immoral in social behavior at the time can now be seen in per

55、spective as being something considerably less sensational than the degeneration of our jazz mad youth对这些问题必然有两种答复，“是”或者“不是”-回答“是”，是因为在成长的过程中，总会存在青年一代的问题；回答“不是”，是因为当时看上去那么狂野、不负责和不道德的行为，以今天的角度来看的话，远远比不上迷恋爵士乐的青年的堕落行为那样耸人听闻。l War or no war ,as the generations passed , it became increasingly difficult fo

56、r our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.无论是否会发生战争，随着时代的变迁，让我们的年轻人接受与喧嚣的商业社会格格不入的行为准则越来越难，在当时商业化社会中，他们被期望为了成功而战。l The faddishness , the wild spending of money on transitory pleasures

57、 and momentary novelties,the hectic air of gaiety, the experimentation is sensation-sex, drug, alcohol,perversions-were all part of the pattern of escape , an escape made possible by a general prosperity and a post-war fatigue with politics,economic restrictions,and international responsibilities.追求

58、时髦，为了获得短暂的快乐和瞬间的新奇而挥霍钱财，纵情狂欢，寻求感官刺激-性、毒品、酒精、性变态-这些都是逃避的表现，普遍的繁荣、战后对政治、经济限制和国际责任的厌倦使得这种逃避成为可能。l Meanwhile ,the true intellectuals were far from flattered.同事，真正的知识分子完全没有感到受宠若惊。l Flaming diatribes poured from their pens denouncing the materialism and what they considered to be the cultural boobery of our society.激昂的不满从他们的作品中喷涌而出，他们的作品谴责物质主义以及他们认为的我们社会中的文化愚人。l It was in