2018年6月高考英语试题全国卷-高考真题

1、2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1)英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是Co1. WhatwillJamesdotomorrow?A.WatchaTVp

2、rogram.report.2. Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She'sgenerous.helpful.3. Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30.B.Giveatalk.B.She'scurious.B.At8:30.4. Howdoesthewomangotowork?A.BycarB.Onfoot5. Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.andpatient.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分。

3、满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。C.WriteaC.She'sC.At10:30C.Bybike.C.DoctorA、B、C三个选项中选5秒钟，听完后，各小题将听第6段材料，回答第6、7题6. Whatdoesthewomanregret?A. Givingupherresearch.B. Droppingoutofcollege.C. Changinghermajor.7. Whatisthewomaninterestedinstud

4、yingnow?A.Ecology.B.Education.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Whatisthemam?A.Ahotelmanager.B.Atourguide.driver.C.ChemistryC.Ataxi9. Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?A. Lookingforsomelocalfoods.B. Showingheraroundtheseaside.C. Offeringinformationaboutahotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace

5、?A.Inanoffice.B.Athome.C.Atarestaurant.11.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Visitafriend.C.Workextrahours.12.WhoisAlicegoingtocall?A.Mike.B.JoanC.Catherine.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?A. TolookatanapartmentB. Todeliversomefurniture.C. Tohaveamealtogether.14. Wh

6、atdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor.B.Itsdesign.C.Itsquality.15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A.It'sagoodsize.B.It'snewlypainted.C.Itsadequatelyequipped.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Godowntown.B.Talkwithherfriend.C.Makepayment.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Whoisthespeakerprobablyta

7、lkingto?A.Moviefans.B.Newsreporters.C.Collegestudents.18. WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?A. Beforehelefthishometown.B. AfterhecametoAmerica.C. Whenhewas15yearsold.19. Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.He'sproud.B.He'ssympathetic.C.He'sgrateful.20. Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkab

8、out?A. Howeducationshapedhislife.B. Howhislanguageskillsimproved.C. Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticway

9、toseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）Joinaguidedbiketourand

10、viewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMailasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourfo

11、rD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesat

12、NightBicycleTourDuration:3hours（7miles）JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitalHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremakeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andb

13、ottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21. Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A. CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B. WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C. CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D. WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBikeTour.22. WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCity

14、BikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23. Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.BGoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupasto

15、rminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'

16、;sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,I4,Finn,13.andJack,11.WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains,“Ipay55isforaportion（一份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoi

17、l.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood.Butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries（系列节目），SaveMoney:GoodFoodfollowsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyh

18、ouseholdexpenses,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sFasterspecial,theycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.24. WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenj

19、oysembarrassingherguests.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.family.25. HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A. Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.D.ShehashadatightbudgetforherB. Hepreparesfoodforherkids.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26.Whatdoestheau

20、thorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.D.Introduceanewtopicforthediscussion.A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChefCB.BalancingOurDailyDietD.CookingWellforLessLangu

21、ageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwassillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,smalltightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetot

22、enmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps1200languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especi

23、allyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelati

24、velyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6000,whichmeansthathalfth

25、eworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuminCameroon(eightremainingSpeaker),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,witha

26、question-mark)noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28. Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.29. Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Adv

27、anced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.B.About340030. Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6000peopleatpresent?A.About6800C.About2400D.About120031. Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A. Newlanguageswillbecreated.B. People'slifestylesarereflectedinfewerlanguages.C. Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D. Geographyde

28、termineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenews

29、onesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing.CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslifefromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyuseh

30、asevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tth

31、rowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,“saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-wecontinuetousethem.Accord

32、ingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.32. Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.old.C.Theycostmoreto

33、useathome.33. WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A.Tduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.consumptionofthedevices.34. Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.C.TheLCDTV.B.TheyarenobetterthantheD.Theygooutofstylequickly.B.TotestthelifecycleofaD.Tofind

34、outelectricityB.Thetablet.D.Thedesktopcomputer.Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案）？Theteam'sdateonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreondemand

35、environmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign

36、-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakearoomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,t

37、herehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,m

38、irrorsandbasketsthatmostofususedtoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofa,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyreq

39、uireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisioninyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.A. WhileallofthemareusefulB. Whateveryou

40、9;relookingforC. Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD. Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE. It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF. Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG. Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三部分语言知识运用（共

41、两节，满分45分）第一节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，茜分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga"free"course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I_41_theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto4

42、2afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren't_43_enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour_44_wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which_45_Iwoundbelearningfromoneofthegames_46_.Icouldhardlywaitto_47_him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduateretur

43、ningtoteach,andthis_48_wasnogameforhim:hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit_49_thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto_50_theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto_51_whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand_52_toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat_53_andlearnlifelesso

44、nsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe_54_.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe_55_me:“Theabsolutemostimportant_56_thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood_57_.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto_58_asituation,processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingand_59_thebestmovefromamongallyouroptio

45、ns.“Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy41.A.putforward_60_asajournalist.B.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.cha

46、llengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job49.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.w

47、roteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidencei

48、namedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,

49、cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwiseit'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercis

50、esto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）10处语假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌

51、写的以下作文。文中共有言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1 .每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2 .只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywereliving

52、inasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andanotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedt

53、oreturnforeverytwoyears,butheagreed.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假如你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗，请你回复邮件，内容包括：1 .到达时间2 .合适的礼物3 .餐桌礼仪注意：1.词数100左右2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。答案和解析1-5BCCBA6-10BABCC11-15ABAAC16-20BCBCA21. A细节理解题。题目问“哪一个骑车游需要提前预定”，根据第一段内容中的“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailabilityandthecherryblossomsdisappear（在

54、有效期和樱花消失前预约）”可知应选A。此题难点在于熟悉词汇（inadvance和reserve）。22. D细节理解题。题目问“首都骑车游中你能做什么"，根据第三段内容中的“KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks（知识丰富的向导会给你讲关于总统、国会、纪念馆还有公园的最有趣的故事）”可知应选D选项“听有趣的故事”。23. D细节理解题。题目问“以下哪一个是夜间骑车游提供的”，根据第四段内容中的“Allrider

55、sareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights（所有骑行者装备反光背心和安全灯）”可知应选D选项。24. B.细节题，出处可定位至第一段herlatestrole,为各种家庭展示如何用比较少的预算去做既好吃又有营养的饭菜；A选项虽然提到Susanna和guest,但是embarrass偷换了原文的概念，可以排除；C选项无中生有；D选项原文中未提到她自己的家庭预算很紧张。25. C.细节题，出处定位至第二段withthehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whileprep

56、aringrecipesforunder$5perfamilyaday.可知Matt在烹饪事物上帮助了Susanna。26. C.细节题，出处定位至SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,可知作者是为读者介绍了SaveMoney这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息，故选择C项。27. D.主旨题，主旨句一般可定位至文章的第一段，but后的关键信息点sheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousand

57、nutritiousmealsonatightbudget.可知答案D。28. B.细节题。由hunter-gatherertimes定位至U第自然段，根据whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps1200languagesbetweenthem.可是当时人少，但是语言很多。29. C.猜题题。根据第二段后半部分dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover,列举的英语、西班牙语、中文等都是使用人数较多等语言，所以选择powerful。30. B.细节题。根据第三段Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages和Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisawere6000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewe