宾语从句基本用法及练习习题

1、基本用法宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句结构：主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序）、从属连词。连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和特殊疑问词（what， how， where， when等)。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether，whether.or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车。Nobo

2、dy knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试。Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那时老师们在问我是否曾去过那里。宾语从句的基本用法名词性从句在复合句中作谓语动词、 非谓语动词、 介词的宾语时被称为宾语从句。高考中常见的宾语从句包括以下几种情况：1. that引导的宾语从句(that经常可以被省略)， 例如：His mother said (that) Saul Grant was a music critic. 他母亲说索尔格兰特是

3、个音乐评论家。把握that引导的宾语从句要注意以下特殊情况：(1) 宾语从句(通常是由that引导的宾语从句)常置于句末并用it作形式宾语。例如： We think it important that Mary should tell the truth. 我们认为玛丽说出实情很重要。我已讲得很清楚： 我方将与贵公司签订这个合约。(2) that 从句作介词宾语只用于except that和in that结构。例如： His report is correct except that some details are omitted. 除了有些细节未提到之外， 他的报道是正确的。批评和自我批评

4、是必要的， 因为它能帮助我们改正错误。(3) allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等及物动词后可以接不定式或动名词作宾语， 但不可以接that引导的宾语从句。例如：I admire their winning the match. ()I admire that they won the match. (菖)2. 与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句， 这包括：(1) 动词(间接宾语)与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句。常用于这种句型的动词有s

5、ee, know, wonder, show, ask, tell, decide, find out, imagine等。例如： Tell me how you went to school. 告诉我你怎么去上学的。约翰不知道为什么警察局要他去， 但昨天他还是去了。(2) 介词与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句。例如： I am not interested in what he is doing. 我对他做的事不感兴趣。他将写一本中国人如何学英语的书。(3) be形容词与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句(这种结构中的“be形容词”可以被视为发挥着及物动词的作用， 其后的从句具有宾语从句

6、的性质)， 例如： Are you certain that youll get there in time 你有把握及时赶到那里吗他很失望没有获得硕士学位。3. whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换， 例如： The boss asked me whether/if she was qualified for the task. 老板问我她是否胜任这项任务。关联词关联代词关联代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。关联代词一般指疑问但what,whatever除了指疑问外也可以指陈

7、述。Do you know who has won Red Alert game你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏吗The book will show you what the best CEO should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cellphone你决定好是买诺基亚还是买摩托罗拉的电话吗关联副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。He didnt tell me whe

8、n we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。Could you please tell me how you use the new panel你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到。二、动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢因为他们的队员更强壮。He told us t

9、hat they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中他们都会帮忙的。部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了。Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有make sure     确保make up

10、ones mind     下决心keep in mind     牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误。可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every

11、day .我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会感觉非常遗憾。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯。We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it双宾语这类动词主要有hate,take,owe,have,see ,

12、mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tellI hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行。We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的。When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutr

13、al.开启发动机时一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。若宾语从句是wh-类则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。Can you tell me if there any shop here你能告诉我这里有商店吗三、介词的宾语从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students in

14、to our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。The new book is about how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的。用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班其他一无所知

15、。四、形容词的宾语从句有些形容词具有动词的含义所以也可以带一个宾语从句例如1. I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有 sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试。I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你

16、。He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他。五、if与whether1)whether和if常用来引导宾语从句这时两者的含义区别很小一般可通用。例如I don't know whether/if they will come to help us. 我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。I am not sure whether/if I'll have time to go with you. 我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。上面两句无区别。但是当whether与or not

17、连成一个词组时whether不可换用if。例如I don't know whether or not they will come for our help. 我不知道他们是否要来求我们支援。【注意】若whether和or not不连在一起在口语中可以用if取代whether当然也可以用whether。例如I am not certain if/whether the train will arrive on time. 我没有把握火车是否准时到达。I don't care if/whether your car breaks down or not. 我不在乎您的车是否是会出

18、故障。此外还有三种情况值得注意(1)在介词后面只能用whether不能用if。例如This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 这件事要看我们是否有决心去做。It depends on whether he is ready. 这件事要看他是否有准备。I am not interested in whether you'll come or not. 你来不来我不感兴趣。We haven't settled the question of whether we'll renew our supplies of

19、 coal for factory. 是否要为我们工厂补充一些煤这个问题我们还没有决定。(2)在动词不定式之前只能用whether不能用if。例如He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 他不能知道是否要留下来。She doesn't knows whether to get married now or wait. 是否现在结婚或是等待她不知道。(3)在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中只能用whether不能用if。例如We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.

20、我们讨论了是不是要对我们的计划作一些修改。We were discussing whether we should discuss the business with them. 我们正在讨论我们是否要和他们谈这个生意。2)引导主语从句时只能用whether不能用if。例如It is unknown whether he will come. 他是否来还不知道。Whether the news is true remains a question. 这个消息是否真实仍然是个问题。3)引导表语从句时只能用whether不能用if。例如What we want to know is whether

21、 he will come to speak to us tomorrow. 我们想知道的是他明天是否来给我们讲话。The question is whether they can take our advice. 问题是他们是否能接受我们的意见。4)引导同位语从句时常用whether。例如The question whether we'll build another lecture building hasn't been settled. 是否要另建一幢教学楼的问题还未决定。The question whether he'll come is unknown. 他

22、是否来的问题还不知道。5)可以用来引导一个否定的宾语从句whether则不能用来引导否定的宾语从句因为它表示正反两方面的选择意义比较强。例如Tell me if it is not going to rain, please. 请告诉我明天是否不会下雨。He considered if he shouldn't tell her the secret. 他考虑他是否不该告诉她这个秘密。6)if除引导宾语从句外还可以引导条件状语从句作“是否”解。在容易引起混淆产生歧义的情况下就不可用if而须用whether。例如Please let me know if you intend to co

23、me.这个句子有两种解释 A“请让我们知道你是否想来。” B“如果你打算来请让我们知道。” 第一种解释是把if引导的从句看作宾语从句把动词know视为及物动词(vt)第二种解释是把if引导的从句当作条件状语从句把动词know看作不及物动词(vi)。在口语中我们可以通过语调来表示两者的区别但是在书面语中无上下文(如一张便条上写着这句话)那就含混不清了。如果我们想表达的第一种含义就得用whether来改写第一句。Please let me know whether you intend to come. 又如Let me know whether he has left for Shanghai.

24、 告诉我他是否已经去上海了。Let me know if he has left for Shanghai. 如果他去上海请告诉我一声。此外whether还可以引导让步状语从句作“无论、不管”解这儿就略而不谈了!六、不省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时当宾语从句较长时当主语状语置于主句尾宾语从句之前时当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时此时第一个that可以省略第二个that不可以省略当宾语从句中的主语是t

25、his,that或this,that做主语的定语时当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时当宾语从句有it做其先行词时在直接引语中转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.当that在从句中充当主语时七、否定转移宾语从句的反意疑问句主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成

26、I think he wont come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim.我相信那人不是Jim杀的。如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前疑。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课是不是八、时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew

27、 he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know which country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书可不知道是哪个国家。He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海。从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事

28、情告诉了Mary。从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱。如果从句是一个客观真理那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮围着地球转。当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时不能按

29、正常语序安排经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手宾语从句是最常用的语法之一,无论任何时候都为陈述语序。练习题考题1 With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether考题2 I was

30、surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which考题3 I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is考题4 The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. where B. how

31、 C. what D. which考题5 When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that考题6 The old ladys hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor _ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _, only

32、 because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why考题7 We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when考题8 We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abro

33、ad. A. if B. where C. whether D. that一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2.  Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days.  J

34、ack didnt know .Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _

35、 _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture Who knowsWho knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture8Where did she park her car Do you know Do you know _ _ _ her car9What does he often talk about The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly I dont k

36、now. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street I don't know. I don't know _ he still _ in that street.12. What's his name I asked him.  I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fr

37、ied chicken He asked the boys.  He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai I don't know.  I don't know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.二、选择填空。(   ) 1. What did Mike say He said _.A. if you are free the next week   B. what colour was itC. th

38、e weather is fine  D. summer comes after spring(   ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back   D. not to be so angry(   ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car  B. how much does the car cost C. how

39、 much did I pay for the car  D. how much I spent on the car(   ) 4. Peter knew_.A. whether he has finished reading the book   B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year   D. when they will leave for Paris(   )5. Could you tell me _A. where do you l

40、ive  B. who you are waiting for  C. who were you waiting for    D. where you live in(   )6. I can't understand _the boy alone.  A. why she left   B. why did she leave B. C. why she had left D. why had she left(   )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. 

41、0; A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen(   ) don't know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get he getsB. does he get D. why he got(   )9. The manager came up to see _A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is    D. what's the matter(  

42、)10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens   B. where did it happen   C. how it happened    D. how did it happen(   )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help.A. how we should do   B. what should we do   C. how to do it       D. what to do it(

43、  )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how check  B. to check  C. how to check  D. to how checking(   ) don't know _their parents are. A that   B what   C why   D which(   )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set Sorry, I've no idea.A

44、./, bought   B. has, bought   C. did, buy   D. did bought(   ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years.A. how, another  B. what, more  C. how ,other  D. what, another(   )16. Could you tell me _ Yes. He _ to the USA.

45、A. where is he/ has been    B. where he is/ has gone  C. where was he/ has been   D. where he was/ has gone(   )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow.   Yes. But if it _, we'll visit the museum instead.A. you have/ will rain      B. you will h

46、ave/ will rain   C. you will have/ rains     D. will you have/ rains(   )18. I really don't know if she _ it when she _.A. finds/ arrives      B. finds/ will arrive   C. will find/ will arrive   D. will find/ arrives(   ) Liu said _ she would lea

47、ve the message on the headmaster”s desk.A. that    B. where    C. which     D. what(   )20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be h

48、eld(   )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was  an interesting book.A. that    B. how    C. what    D. if(   )22. You must remember _.A. what your teacher said  B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said w

49、hat  D. what has your teacher said(   )23. I don”t know _ .A. which room I can live   B. which room can I live  C. which room I can live in  D. which room can I live in(   )24.Do you know when he _ back  Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you .A. comes ; c

50、omes         B. comes ; will come  C. will come ; comes          D. will come ; will come(   )25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took   B. take     C. takes  D. will take(   )26 Mary said that

51、 she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone . B. had never gone B. C. has never been D. had never been(   )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had     B. has   C. will have  D. are(   )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty  A. who  B.

52、what  C. when  D. that(   ) don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what  B. if  C. when  D. where(   )30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday eveningA. what     B when    C why    D how三、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told me _ he didn&

53、#39;t go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really don't know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They don

54、9;t know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I don't know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ you are studying for (why, what)四、句型转换1. “Do you want to try it

55、” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)Tom's mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I  _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasn't decided _ _ _ _ buy.4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I

56、don't know _ _ _ to the hospital.5. I dont suppose they will come, _ _ (改为反意疑问句)五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountai