美文赏析-教案版

1、ManIsLikeaFruitTreeElmerBobstWhiletakingmyboatdowntheinlandwaterwaytoFloridaafewweeksago,IdecidedtotieupatGeorgetown,SouthCarolina,forthenightandvisitwithanoldfriend.AsweapproachedtheEssodock,Isawhimthroughmybinocularsstandingthereawaitingus.Tallandstraightasanarrowhestood,facingacold,penetratingwin

2、dtrulyapictureofasturdyman,eventhoughhisnextbirthdaywillmakehimeighty-two.Yes,themanwasourelderstatesman,BernardBaruch.HeloadedusintohisstationwagonandwewereofftohisfamousHobcawBaronyfordinner.Wesatandtalkedinthegreatlivingroomwheremanynotablesandstatesmen,includingRooseveltandChurchill,havesatandta

3、kentheircues.Inhiseighty-secondyear,stillahumandynamo,Mr.Baruchtalksnotofthepastbutofpresentproblemsandthefuture,deploringourignoranceofhistory,economics,andpsychology.Hisonlyrefereneetothepastwastotellme,withawonderfulsparkleinhiseye,thathewasonlyabletogeteightquailoutofthetenshotsthedaybefore.What

4、isthesecretofthisgreatmansvaluetotheworldateighty-one?Theanswerishisinsatiabledesiretokeepbeingproductive.Twoofthehardestthingstoaccomplishinthisworldaretoacquirewealthbyhonesteffortand,havinggainedit,tolearnhowtouseitproperly.RecentlyIwalkedintothelockerroomofaratherwell-knowngolfclubafterfinishing

5、around.Itwasinthelateafternoonandmostofthemembershadleftfortheirhomes.Butahalf-dozenorsomenpastmiddleagewerestillseatedattablestalkingaimlesslyanddrinkingmorethanwasgoodforthem.Thesesamemencanbefoundtheredayafterdayand,strangelyenough,eachoneofthesemenhadbeenamanofaffairsandwealth,successfulinbusine

6、ssandrespectedinthecommunity.Ifmaterialprosperitywerethechiefrequisiteforhappiness,theneachoneshouldhavebeenhappy.Yet,itseemedtome,somethingveryimportantwasmissing,elsetherewouldnothavebeentheconstantefforttoescapetherealitiesoflifethroughScotchandsoda.Theyknew,eachoneofthem,thattheirproductivityhad

7、ceased.Whenafruittreeceasestobearitsfruit,itisdying.Anditisevensowithman.Whatistheanswertoalongandhappyexistenceinthisworldofours?IthinkIfounditlongagoinapassagefromthebook,Genesis,whichcaughtmyeyeswhileIwasthumbingthroughmyBible.Thewordswerefew,buttheybecameindeliblyimpressedonmymind:“Inthesweatoft

8、hyfaceshaltthoueatthybread.”Tome,thathasbeenachallengefrommyearliestrecollections.Infact,thebattleoflife,ofexistence,isachallengetoeveryone.TheimmortalwordsofSt.Paul,too,havebeenandalwayswillbeagreatinspirationtome.AttheendoftheroadIwanttobeabletofeelthatIhavefoughtagoodfight-Ihavefinishedthecourse-

9、Ihavekeptthefaith.精品语法-混合式虚拟语气主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight（过去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday（现在）.这里有必要提到真实条件句和非真实条件句。1真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形

10、Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.（错）Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.（对）Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.经典例题：I'mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogether

11、withJohnifIfindthemoney.A.canB.mightC.wouldD.need这里用了begoingto寓意打算，不属于虚拟语气的范畴，因此根据句义选can。翻译为，如果我能筹到钱的话，我就会和约翰去欧洲度假。2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall（will）+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。2非真实条件句101)时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。

12、句型：条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.I

13、fhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c. 表示对将来的假想主句should+动词原形would+动词原形句型：条件从句一般过去时were+不定式should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,

14、everythingwouldbeallright.拔高词汇Penetrate'penitreit:渗透；穿透；洞察，penetrating:有洞察力的，穿透力的，尖锐的Statesman'steitsm?n：政治家，同politician,statesman,褒义词。Notables'n?ut?b?lz:要人Dynamo'dain?m?u:口精力充沛的人Deploredi'pl?:悲悼；哀叹；对深感遗憾Sparkle'spa:kl使闪耀，闪耀，发光Insatiablein'sei?bl贪得不厌的，不知足的Requisite're

15、kwizit:必备的，必不可少的Cease'si:z:停止，终了ThumbOm:vt.翻阅；以拇指拨弄；n拇指Indeliblein'del?bladj.难忘的；擦不掉的音标小练习Sound/u:/该音是个后元音，是字母00或ou在单词中的发音。它是长兀音。发音时舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比/u/即美式读音儿/英式读音/二/高。双唇收圆并突出。口形比/u二/匸/稍小，如左图所示。ThetworudeststudentsintheschoolPracticereadingthedialoguealoud.Recordyourvoicetocompareyourproductionoft

16、hetargetsoundwiththerecording.MISSLUKE:Goodafternoongirls.GIRLS:Goodafternoon.MissLuke.MISSLUKE:Thisafternoonwe'regoingtolearnhowtocooksoup.Turnonyourcomputersandlookatunittwenty-twoLUCY:Excuseme,MissLukeMISSLUKE:Yes,LucyLUCY:There'ssomechewinggumonyourshoe.MISSLUKE:Whothrewtheirchewinggumon

17、thefloor?Wasityou,Lucy?LUCY:No,MissLuke.ItwasSusan.MISSLUKE:Who?LUCY:SusanDuke.SUSAN:Itwasn'tme,stupid.ItwasJulie.JULIE:Itwasyou!SUSAN:Itwasn'tme!Mymouth'sfullofchewinggum.Look,MissLuke!JULIE:Stoppullingmyhair,Susan,itwasyou.SUSAN:YOU!JULIE:YOU!MISSLUKE:lExcuseme!Ifyoutwocontinuewiththis

18、rudeness,youcanstayafterschooinsteadofgoingtopool.SteveJobsIntroductionBornin1955LosAltosCA,he,alongwithSteveWozniak,co-foundedAppleComputerCorporationandbecameamultimillionairebeforetheageof30.SubsequentlyhestartedtheNextCorporationtoprovideaneducationalsystematareasonableprice,butfoundthatsoftware

19、wasabettersellerthanhardware.AppleComputerJobsandWozniakputtogethertheirfirstcomputer,calledAppleI.Theymarketeditin1976atapriceof$666.AppleIwasthefirstsingle-boardcomputerwithbuilt-invideointerface,andon-boardROM,whichtoldthemachinehowtoloadotherprogramsfromanexternalsource.JobswasmarketingAppleIath

20、obbyistslikemembersoftheHomebrewComputerClubwhocouldnowperformtheirownoperationsontheirpersonalcomputers.TheNextStepJobssoldover$20millionofhisApplestock,spentdaysbicyclingalongthebeach,feelingsadandlost,touredParis,andjourneyedontoItaly.ItwasnotuntillateAugustthathebegantocatchhisbreath.ThenJobstho

21、ughtbackonhisexperienceatApple.Thoughheisnotanengineer,hefelthisgreatesttalenthadbeenspearheadingdevelopmentofnewproducts.Jobsalsorecalledwithspecialpridethathehadhelpedintroducepersonalcomputersintoeducation.Tocollecthisthoughtsoneday,hetookuppenandpaperandbegantowritedownthethingsthatwereimportant

22、tohim.AlongwiththedevelopmentofMacintosh,helistedthreeeducationalprojectshehadlaunched:KidsCan'tWait,AppleEducationFoundation,andtheAppleUniversityConsortium.ASoftwareCompanyAfterleavingApple,Jobs'newrevolutionaryideaswerenotinhardwarebutsoftwareofthecomputerindustry.In1989Jobstriedalloverag

23、ainwithanewcompanycalledNextStep.HeplannedtobuildthenextgenerationofpersonalcomputersthatwouldputAppletoshame.Itfailed.Aftereightlongyearsofstruggleandafterspendingsome$250million,NextStepcloseddownitshardwaredivisionin1993.Jobsrealizedthathewasnotgoingtorevolutionizethehardwareindustry.Heturnedhisa

24、ttentiontothesoftwaresideofthecomputerindustry.HonorsHewasawardedtheNationalMedalofTechnologyfromPresidentRonaldReaganin1985withSteveWozniak(thefirstpeopletoeverreceivethehonor),andtheJeffersonAwardforPublicServiceinthecategory"GreatestPublicServicebyanIndividual35YearsorUnder"in1987.OnNov

25、ember27,2007,JobswasnamedthemostpowerfulpersoninbusinessbyFortuneMagazine.OnDecember5,2007,CaliforniaGovernorArnoldSchwarzeneggerandFirstLadyMariaShriverinductedJobsintotheCaliforniaHallofFame,locatedatTheCaliforniaMuseumforHistory,WomenandtheArts.精品语法-强调句Itis/was+强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分这个句型用来强调除谓语以

26、外的各种句子成分，被强调部分必须放在itis/was后面，如果强调的部分是人，可以who/whom来代替that.Itwasinthehousethathewasborn.Theywillhaveameetinginthehalltomorrow.可以对此例句中的主语，宾语，地点状语，时间状语分别强调。如下所示：强调主语：Itistheythat/whowillhaveameetinginthehalltomorrow.强调宾语：Itisameetingthattheywillhaveinthehalltomorrow.强调地点状语：Itisinthehallthattheywillhavea

27、meetingtomorrow.强调时间状语：Itistomorrowthattheywillhaveameetinginthehall.一般疑问句的强调：只需将is/was移至句首，且that从句中不用倒装语序，即Is/Wasit.that”(1) DidyoumeetyourbrotheratMcDonald?WasityourbrotherthatyoumetatMcDonald?(强调宾语)(2) HasTomborrowedyourmoneyrecently?IsitTomthathasborrowedyourmoneyrecently?(强调主语)特殊疑问句的强调：疑问词(被强调部

28、分)+is/was+it+that+句子其余部分(1) Wheredidyouseehercellphoneyesterday?Wherewasitthatyousawhercellphoneyesterday?(强调特殊疑问词where)(2) Howwillyougotovisithertomorrow?Howisitthatyouwillgotovisithertomorrow?(强调特殊疑问词how)小练习：(1) Whowasitwantedtoseemejustnow?A.thatB.whoC.whenD.when(2) youmettheforeignerfromCanada?A

29、.WhereitwasthatB.WhoitwasthatC.WherewasitthatD.Wherewasthat答案(1)A(2)C强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相同，即：疑问词+一般疑问句从句的强调：(1) Icamehomelatebecauseitwasraininghard.ItwasbecauseitwasraininghardthatIcamehomelate.(强调状语从句)(2) Whatyousaidreallymadeussad.Itwaswhatyousaidthatreallymadeussad.(强调主语从句)重点notunti

30、l结构的强调:Itis/wasnotuntilthat.Wedidnotgetoffthebusuntilitstopped.Itwasnotuntilitstoppedthatwegotoffthebus.（注意：强调该结构时notuntil不能分开）注意"not.until"句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：一Shedidn'trememberherappointmentwiththedoctoruntilshehadarrivedhome.一Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhomethatsherememberedherappointmentw

31、iththedoctor.-Notuntilshehadarrivedhomedidsherememberherappointmentwiththedoctor强调时间状语和地点状语时与定语从句的区别(1) Itwasin1921thatourPartywasfounded.(强调句式)(2) Itwas1921whenourPartywasfounded.(定语从句)即:强调时间或地点时有介词置于其前时，则连接词用that。其前面应有介词而被省去时，则用连接词when(时间)或where(地点)。又如：(3) Itwasonthefarmthatwepractisedplantingcrop

32、s.(4) Itwasthefarmwherewelearnedalot.但是应注意，有些表示时间或地点的词汇及短语本身不需要在其前面加介词，故其连词也只能是that,而不是when或where。再如：(5) Itwasyesterdaythatwechattedalotonline.(6) ItwastherethatMikewasdrownedyesterday.区分强调句和定语从句Itwasinthehousethathewasborn.强调句Itwasthehousewherehewasborn.定语从句Itwasatmidnightthathegotsick.强调句Itwasmidn

33、ightwhenhegotsick.定语从句区分方法：将句子中的“Itwasthat(when/where)结构去掉:如若还能成完整的句子，则为强调句；如若不能成完整的句子，则为定语从句。其他表达倒装的方式：1. 用助动词do/does/did+动词原形"表强调e.g.:(1) .-Didyoucomeyesterday?-Yes,Ididcome.(2) .Hedidfinishhistaskthismonth.改错：Hedoworkhard.does助动词随人称的数、时态变化2. 用very,just,theonly,atall等词表强调e.g.:(1) .Thisistheju

34、stbookthatI'mlookingfor.(2) .Haveyoureadanyofthereportatall?3. intheworld,onearth,ever等用于疑问词后表强调e.g.:(1) .Whatonearthareyoudoing?(2) .Howintheworlddidshemanagethat?(3) .Wheneverdidyoulostit?3.用感叹词表强调e.g.:Whatalife!这过的是什么日子啊!丿感贝词：what,how一主谓培粵汁意敢5. 用倒装句表强调e.g.:(1) .Onthetablearesomebowls.(2) .Onl

35、yinthiswaycanyouworkouttheproblem.(3) .Hardlyhadheleftwhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerthan6. so作确实”表强调e.g.:(1) .-Youwereinvitedtotheparty,weren'tyou?-SoIwas.I'dforgotten.(2) .-Hewonthechampionshiptenyearsago.Sohedid.拔高词汇Multimillionaire,m?lt?m?j?'ne?:千万富翁，大富翁Subsequently's?bsikw?ntli:.随后，其

36、后；后来Build-in:内置，内建；插入，嵌固Hobbyist'h?b?©t:业余爱好者；沉溺于某嗜好之人Spearhead'sp?hedvt.带头；做先锋Induct?n'd?kt:引导；感应；使就职；征召入伍音标小练习Sound/测门/美式读音符号/主/英式读音符号/士/传统的国际音标的读音符号读音是个中元音，是字母组合er,ir,or和ur在单词中的发音。/$：/是长兀音。发音时舌中部比发"/音时略高。双唇扁平。TheworstnursePracticereadingthedialoguealoud.Recordyourvoicetocomp

37、areyourproductionofthetargetsoundwiththerecording.SIRHERBERT:Nurse！COLONELBURTON:Nurse,I'mthirsty!SIRHERBERT:Nurse!Myheadhurts.COLONELBURTON:NurseShermanalwayswearssuchdirtyshirts.SIRHERBERT:Heneverarrivesatworkearly.COLONELBURTON:Heandernurseturnerweren'tatworkonThursday,werethey?SIRHERBERT

38、:No,theyweren't.COLONELBURTON:NurseShermanistheworstnurseintheward,isn'the,SirHerbert?SIRHERBERT:No,heisn't,ColonelBurton.He'stheinwtohrestwnourrlsde!Tobekind-heartedOneevening,itwasrainingandthewindwasblowinghard.Anoldcouplecametoaninnandpreparedtoputupforthenightthere.Ayoungmanrece

39、ivedthemwithopenarms,butsaid“I'snrry!Ourguestroomshereareallfullandtheinnsnearbyareallfull,too,fortherewillbeanimportantmeetingtobeheldheretomorrow.”Hearingtheyoungmanswords,theoldcouplefeltverydisappointed,andturnedaroundtoleave.Justastheywereleaving,theyoungmancameuptothemandstoppedthem:“Madam

40、andsir,ifyoudon'tmind,youcansleepinmybedroomforanight”Thenextevening,theoldcoupletookoutlotsofmoneytogiveittotheyoungman,butherefusedtotakeit.No!Youneedn'paymeanymoney,forIonlylendmyroomtoyou.”saidtheyoungmanwithasmileonhisface.“You'great,youngman!It'verykindofyou.Maybeoneday,I'l

41、buildahotelforyou!”saidtheoldmangratefully.Withthesewords,theoldcoupleleft.Gazingattheirrecedingfigures,theyoungmanonlylaughedandwentonworking.Severalyearslater,theyoungmansuddenlyreceivedaletterfromtheoldcouple,invitinghimtogotoManhattan.Theyoungmanmettheoldcoupleinfrontofaluxuryhotel.Doyoustillrem

42、emberwhatIsaidtoyouseveralyearsago?Look!ThisisthehotelthatIbuiltforyou!”saidtheoldman.Soon,theyoungmanbecamethemanagerofthehotel.(T)Trueor(F)False1. Theyoungmanacceptedithappilywhentheoldcouplegavethemoneytohim.2. Theyoungmanhadthoughttheoldmanwasonlyjokingaboutbuildingahotelforhim,buttheoldmankepth

43、isword.Keys:1.F.2.T.精品语法-动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较：一、作主语1不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词todoItosurdutytotakegoodcareoftheold. Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework? Itbe形容词forsbtodoItisdif

44、ficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour. Itbe形容词ofsbtodoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays. Itseems(appears)形容词todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等；在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,

45、lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis形容词todo句式，如：It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.2. 动名词作主语Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.动名词作主语时，也常用It句式。如： It'+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doingIt'nsogoodreadingindiml

46、ight.Itnsousesittingherewaiting. It'+形容词+doingItdsangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式代替，如：It'simportantforyoutokeepfit. Thereisno+doingThereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于"It'impossibleto"结构。3动词

47、不定式和动名词作主语的区别 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如：It'nsogoodeatingtoomuchfat.Itnsogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat. 动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如：It'nsouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.二、作宾语1.不定式作宾语 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：,help,hope,lea等，这些词大部分可接tagree,ask,aim,

48、arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,failn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wishhat引导的从句。如：Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfootWhenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.当复合

49、宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式。如:Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.19Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor. 介词but,except,besides+todo(do)在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如：Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.OnSundayafternoonIhad

50、nothingtodobutwatchTV.2动名词作宾语 下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，如：admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,donm'indt,giveup,insiston,putoff等。如：Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth. 动名词作介词的宾

51、语Ishouldgotoattendthebirthdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech?动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：havedifficulty(in)doing,havenotrouble(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing,prevent/stop(from)doing,thereisnouse(in)doing等。3. 部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love

52、,need,require,want等。在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，女口:Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved).hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。在下列情况下，一般要用不定式： hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee. 当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudentsarestarti

53、ngtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem. begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.4.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如：Ourteachersdon'tpermitourswimminginthelake.Ourteachersdontpermitustoswiminthelake.5部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子

54、语境选择使用。 forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如：HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.WeregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeetingDon'tforgettoposttheletterforme.Theyregrettedorderingthe

55、sebooksfromabroad.meantodo打算做某事;doing意味着Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.trytodo设法尽力做某事;doing试着做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.stoptodoOnthewaytotheairport,Istoppedtobuyapaper.Youdbetterstoparguinganddoasyouaretold.can

56、9;thelpdoing禁不住Can'thelptodo不能帮助干Theycouldnt'helpjumpingupatthenews.停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语;doing停止做某事SorryIhavelotsofworktodo.SoIcan'htelptomakeuptheroomforyou. goontodo做不同的事或不同内容的事doing继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续Hewentontotalkaboutworldsituation.他接着又谈了世界形势。Wellgoonfightingsolongasthereisoppressionintheworld. leaveofftodo离开某地去干什么（目的状语）leaveoffdoing停下某事It'tismetoleaveofftalkingandtostartacting.Theyleftofftogofishing.三、做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.aim,duty,hopwhat引导的名out W