2011版高中英语二轮专题复习学案专题一 语法和词汇知识之代词、数词和介词（新课标）

1、 世纪金榜 圆您梦想 2011版高中英语二轮专题复习学案：专题一 语法和词汇知识之代词、数词和介词（2）（新课标）【专题考点】1 考查不定代词、替代词、it的用法及其他代词2 考查数词的基本用法3 考查介词及其短语的辨析和介词的搭配【典例探究】1.（2010·福建卷·T 22）. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me?A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing【解析】选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生的

2、时候，请为我说点什么好吗？something可用于疑问句中，表示希望得到对方的肯定回答，与语境相符。【知识拓展】不定代词的常见考点不定代词的考点常见的有：1. none/no one：none可用于表示人或物，可接 of，有范围的限定，其谓语的数可单可复；no one通常只表示人，不接of，无范围的限定。2. each/every：each 和every着眼点不同，范围也不同，前者重在个体，表两者或两者以上；后者着眼于整体，表三者或三者以上。3. either/neither：either两者中任一个；neither 两者中没有一个。4. other/another：other泛指“另外的”，

3、常与复数名词或不可数名词连用，但前面有the、some、any、each、every、no以及形容词性物主代词时，可与单数可数名词连用。another是由不定冠词an和other合并构成，通常代替或修饰可数的单数名词，意思是“任一”、“再一”。2.（2010·山东卷·T32）Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.A. it B. that C. what D. one【解析】选D。考查代词用法。 句意为：帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。分析句子结构可知，habit之后

4、的空格处为同位语部分，用one相当于a habit, 空处后的部分为定语从句部分，修饰one, 其后省略了引导定语从句的关系代词which或that, 作learn的宾语。 【知识拓展】 “代词作同位语”考点剖析将同位语与代词用法放在一起考查是各种测试题中常见的一种现象，常涉及it, that, one, this, that, as, what及something, anything, nothing等，而其中对one，it, that, what等代词的考查尤其多见, 针对one在句中用于代替“a/an+单数名词”充当同位语的这一考查角度在数年高考题中曾经多次呈现，通过比较我们可以发现某些

5、高考题的相似之处。(2002全国I) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what【解析】选B, 此句中用one替代a moment，作an unforgettable moment的同位语，泛指值得我珍惜的那样一个时刻。又如Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of the sailors on his ship.同时仔

6、细研究题目的四个选项，我们也可以看出，山东高考题只是2002年全国卷的一个翻新版而已。3.（2010·江苏卷·T29）So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is _ ideal. We have to work still harder.A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to 【解析】选B。考查固定短语意义的辨析。句意：到目前为止，我们已经做了很多工作来打造低碳经济，但是还远不理想。我们还必须更加努力工作。本题考查固定短语的辨析：next

7、to意为“几乎，差不多；紧邻着”，与句意相反；far from意为“远非；远离”，后面常常接名词或者形容词；out of意为“从里；出于”；due to意为“由于”，后面常常接名词，可以作表语或者原因状语，相当于because of。根据句意选择B项。4（2010·湖北卷·T30）It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exc

8、hange for 【解析】选D。考查介词短语意义辨析。句意：公务员用自己对他人的格外关照作交换而向他人索要钱物的行为是非法的。根据句意，in exchange for 用作交换，换取；符合题意，因此选择D。in preference to 优先于；in place of 代替；in agreement with 与一致；均不合题意。5.（2010·江西卷·T 29） We give dogs time ,space and love we can spare, and , dogs gives us their all.A. in allB. in factC. in s

9、hortD. in return【解析】选D 。考查介词词组辨析。句意： 我们给狗我们所能够抽出的时间、空间和爱， 作为回报， 狗给予我们他们的一切。in all 总共； in fact 事实上；in short 简言之； in return 作为回报。【跟踪演练】1.（2011·福建省福州市八县联考）After watching the movie Inception盗梦空间, I bought some DVD copies of the film, but now is left.A. noneB. nothing C. no one D. neither2（2011·

10、;吉林东北师大附中模拟）It was our optimism and faith _ Shackleton that had helped us persevere _ staying aliveAwith; onBin; at Cfor; in Din; in 3（2010·河南省开封市二模）24For quite students, their teachers advice is more important than of their parents.Afew; oneBa few; thatCa little; someDa lot; many4（2011·吉林

11、实验中学二模）Of all the books on the desk, _ is of any use for study.AnothingBno oneCneither Dnone5（2010·吉林省实验中学二模）6. _ went to see our professor last week. A. I, he and you B. He, I and you C. You , he and I D. I, you and he6（2010·吉林省实验中学二模）28. Not far from the club , there was a garden, _ owne

12、r seated in it playing bridge with his children. A. whose B. its C. of which D. in which7（2010·湖南省长沙市一中二模）28. The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen _ immediately.A. toB. atC. onD. with8（2010·河南省开封市二模）33China has produced many great writers over the last ten year

13、s, Mo Yan.Aamong them wasBamong whom wasCin which wasDamong whom were9 （2010·吉林省实验中学二模）36. Measures have been taken to solve the problem, but it may be some time _ the situation improves. A. since B. when C. unless D. before10（2010·江苏省宁海外国语学校二模）25The fire spread fastLuckily the local gover

14、nment had brought it under control the situation got worse Athough Buntil Cbefore Dsince11 Its a mistake to think of Florida only _its tourist attractions. A. in addition to B. by way ofC. in terms of D. by means of12. Weve been looking for cheap houses but havent found _we like yet. A. one B. other

15、 C. it D. that13. This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear_. A. in no time B. on the timeC. at a time D. at one time14. _not like Jim to be late for class. He is always on time. A. Heres B. Thats C. Its D. Theres15. Shelly didnt allow her failure in the

16、 exam to discourage her._ , she began to work harder than before. A. On the contrary B. In additionC. In conclusion D. On the whole16. Where shall we go to spend the weekend? Nowhere_, anywhere you like. A. in all B. in generalC. in case D. in particular17. Where did you get your laptop? Id like to

17、get one. Well, at _shop on Avenue 48, but I cant say exactly. A. some B. any C. each D. every18. Because Henry and Mark had to work, _of them came yesterday. A. both B. none C. neither D. either19. The number 5. 12 is a special number, _, I think, that will be remembered by Chinese people forever. A

18、. what B. it C. which D. one20. Could you please buy me an MP4 as well as a digital camera, Mum? You can choose_, not both, my dear. A. each B. any C. either D. none21. Equipped with modern facilities, todays hospitals are quite different from _of the past. A. that B. those C. one D. ones22. The Sin

19、o-U. S. relations, although they have experienced twists and turns in the past, _have moved forward. A. in return B. in turnC. on the whole D. on the other hand23. Some experts are warning that the step the US government has taken to deal with the current crisis is _of much risk. A. ones B. one C. t

20、hat D. those24. Mary, I have got a new cellphone number!Oh, hold on. Ill put it down just_. A. in need B. in case C. in time D. in use25. How about your present salary? My basic salary is about $500 and _Ill receive some extra income. A. in general B. in additionC. in public D. in common26._ of the

21、land in that county _covered with green plants and beautiful flowers. A. Two third; areB. Two thirds; isC. Two third; isD. Two thirds; are27. She went to the bookstore and bought_. A. dozen books B. dozens booksC. dozen of books D. dozens of books28. It is reported that the floods have left about _p

22、eople homeless. A. two thousand B. Two-thousandsC. two thousands D. two thousands of29. It took us quite a long time to get there. It was _journey. A. three-hour B. a three hourC. a three-hour D. three hours30. _people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day. A. Several million B. M

23、any millionsC. Several millions D. Many million答案1A 2D3 B 4 D 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 B 9 D 10 C11【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意为：认为佛罗里达只在旅游方面有吸引力是错误的。in terms of就而言; in addition to除了, 此外; by way of经由; by means of通过方式。12.【解析】选A。考查代词的用法。句意为：我们一直在找便宜的房子, 但是还没找到一所我们喜欢的。此处表示泛指, 代替单数可数名词, 故用one。it用来代指上文提到的同一个事物。13.【解析】选A。考查介词

24、短语。in no time立即; at a time每次; at one time一度, 曾经。14.【解析】选C。考查代词。分析句子结构可知, 该句中缺少主语, 故用it作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。15.【解析】选A。考查介词短语的用法。句意为：Shelly不允许考试不及格使自己失去信心, 相反她比以前学习更努力了。on the contrary相反地; in addition另外; in conclusion最后, 总之; on the whole总的来说。16.【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意为：我们到什么地方去过周末? 没有什么特别的地方, 你喜欢的地方就行。in al

25、l总共; in general总的来说, 一般来说; in case以防, 万一; in particular尤其, 特别。17.【解析】选A。考查代词的用法。some此处表示“某个”。any一些, 任何一个; each表示两者或两者以上的每一个, every表示三者或三者以上的每一个。18.【解析】选C。考查代词的用法。句意：因为亨利和马克要工作, 所以昨天两人都没来。“两者都不”用neither; “两者都”用both; “三者（以上）都不”用none; “两者之一”用either。19.【解析】选D。考查代词。此处one指代a special number, 在句中充当同位语, 意为“某

26、个, 一个”本题的解题关键是弄清楚I think为插入语。20.【解析】选C。考查代词的用法。语境为：你可以任选其一, 但不是两个。either(两者中的)一个, each两者或两者以上每一个; any一些, 任何一个; none三者（以上）都不。21.【解析】选B。考查代词的用法。句意为：因为装备了现代化的设施, 现在的医院已经完全不同于过去的医院了。将本句补全后为：Equipped with modern facilities, todays hospitals are quite different from the hospitals of the past. 然后考虑用those替代

27、特指的复数名词。22.【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意为：中美关系虽然历经波折, 但总的来说还是向前发展的。in return作为回报; in turn轮流, 反过来; on the whole总的来说, 总而言之; on the other hand另一方面。根据语境用on the whole。23.【解析】选B。考查代词的用法。此处不定代词one代指one step。句意：一些专家警告说美国政府处理当前危机的措施是一项很危险的措施。24.【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意为：我把你的新手机号码记下来, 以防万一。(just) in case以防万一, 以防; in need在危难中, 在

28、危急中; in time及时; in use在使用中。25.【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。in general总的来说; in addition另外; in public公开地; in common共有, 有共同之处。由句意：“我的基本工资约为500美元, 此外还会有一些额外收入”可知, B项正确。26.【解析】选B。英语中的分数由基数词和序数词构成, 基数词作分子, 序数词作分母, 当分子大于1时分母要用复数; 分数+名词作主语时谓语动词的单复数由名词的数来决定。27.【解析】选D。句意：她去了书店, 买了许多书。dozens of也是表示不确切的数量, 意思是“许多, 几十”, 这种约数的表

29、达常用“复数名词+of+名词/代词”构成, 除dozen外, 还有hundreds/thousands/millions/scores of. . . 。28.【解析】选A。句意为：据报道洪水已经使大约2 000多人无家可归。当dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million前有具体数字时, 都要用单数形式。29.【解析】选C。数词+名词构成复合形容词作定语。此时名词要用单数形式。30.【解析】选A。与数词或several等连用时, million不加-s。【真题在线】1. （2010· 全国卷I·T23） I'll spend ha

30、lf of my holiday practicing English and _ half learning drawing.A. another    B. the other C. others     D. other2. (2010·全国卷II·T12)Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.A.  others  B.  the othe

31、r  C. another  D.  one other3. (2010·全国卷II·T14)The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this  B.  that  C.  one  D.  it4. （2010·安徽卷·T21）You are the team star! Working with _is really your cup of tea.A. both B. ei

32、ther C. others D. the other5.（2010·重庆卷·T23）.He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again.A. neither B. either C. each D. all6. （2010·江西卷·T 27）Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A. somethingB. anything

33、 C. nothingD. everything7.（2010·辽宁卷··T33）.The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that countryA . so B. much C. that D. it8. （2009·全国卷·T 34）Everybody was touched_ words after they heard her moving story. A. beyond B. without C. of D. in9. （2009&

34、#183;全国卷·T 7）Charles was alone at home, with _looking after him. A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one10.（2009·全国卷·T 12）The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get _completely free. A. other B. others C. one D. ones11.（2009·全国卷·T 13）Jenny nearly missed the flight _doing too

35、 much shopping. A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of 12.（2009·北京·T 29）The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, _little foreign ownership. A. by B. of C. with D. from13. （2009·北京·T 35）Being a parent is not always easy, and being the pare

36、nt of a child with special needs often carries with _extra stress. A. it B. them C. one D. him14.（2009·湖北·T 29）Youd sound a lot more polite if you make a request _a question. A. in search of B. in the form of C. in need of D. in the direction of 15.（2009·湖北·T 30）His efforts to ra

37、ise money for his program were_ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A. in place B. in sightC. in effect D. in vain 16.（2009·湖南·T 22）Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _themselves, and solve their problems _ themselves. A. to; by B. by; t

38、oC. for; to D. in; on 17.（2009·陕西·T 8）He invited me to a dance after the show _Christmas Eve. A. at B. on C. in D. by 18.（2009·陕西·T 10）Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _of them. A. other B. any C. none D. some 19.（2009·重庆·T 21）Try on this red skir

39、t; you will look great_ it. A. on B. by C. in D. for 20.（2009·重庆·T 22）Over the past 20 years, the Internet has helped change our world in _way or another for the better. A. any B. one C. every D. either 21.（2009·山东·T 23）I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning

40、I couldnt face_ day like that. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 22. （2009·山东·T 33）It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _easy reach. A. near B. upon C. within D. around 23.（2009·福建·T 23）How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!Its

41、a challenge, I guess, _man against nature. A. of B. for C. by D. about24.（2009·天津·T 10）The art show was _being a failure; it was a great success. A. far from B. along withC. next to D. regardless of 25.（2009·辽宁·T 28）_is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. A

42、. Such B. This C. That D. So 26.（2009·辽宁·T 32）Children need friends _their own age to play with. A. of B. for C. in D. at 27.（2009·江苏·T 30）This special school accepts all disabled students, _educational level and background. A. according to B. regardless ofC. in addition to D. in

43、 terms of 28.（2009·江苏·T 35）Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _of their parents. A. those B. one C. both D. that29（2009·四川·T 3） I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have

44、 enough money to buy_. A. one B. it C. this D. that30.（2009·四川·T 6）A great person is always putting others interests _his own. A. below B. above C. in D. on31.（2009·上海·T 26）Wow! Youve got so many clothes. But _of them are in fashion now. A. all B. both C. neither D. none32.（2009&

45、#183;上海·T 25）Four Chinese models were _the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. A. among B. between C. along D. beside答案1. 【解析】选B。考查代词。another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，other“其他的”， others表示“其他的人或物”。句意：我的假期的一半时间将用来练习英语，另一半时间将用来学习绘画。根据句意以及another与the

46、 other的用法可知选B。【知识拓展】another，the other，other，others的区别another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，常用于“onethe other”结构，表示“一个-另一个-”；另外，the other后面还可跟名词，特指其他的人或物。other是形容词，表示“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须跟名词，表示泛指，如other people泛指其他的人。others相当于other后面跟名词，如other people=other。例如：1）I have three best friends. One is Tom

47、, one is Bob, and another Jack.我有三个朋友，一个是汤姆，一个是鲍勃，另一个是杰克。（another指三者或三者以上中的另一个） 2）In front of me are two men. One is tall and thin and the other short and fat. 我前面有两个人。一个又高又瘦，另一个又矮又胖。（the other表示两者中的另一个） 3）In our class, all the other students are in favor of my plan except the monitor.在我们班，除了班长所有其他的

48、学生都支持我的方案。（the other后面可跟名词，特指某个范围内的其他的人） 4）Some are active in the discussion, and others (other students) are not.一些学生积极参与谈论，而另一些却不积极。（others相当于other后面跟名词，表示泛指）2. 【解析】选B。考查代词。others表示“其他的人或物”, another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，常用于onethe other结构，表示“一个。另一个”。根据句中的Neither side可知应为两方，故选B。句意：双

49、方都不愿意彼此交谈除非我们能消除他们之间的分歧。3. 【解析】选D。考查it作形式主语。此处it would be good for you to have a holiday是宾语从句作thought的宾语。It在这个宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。其他三个选项都不能作形式主语或宾语。句意：医生认为去度假对你是有益的。4. 【解析】选C。考查代词词义辨析。句意: 你真是个合作明星。和别人一起工作真是你喜欢的事情。really ones cup of tea 真的是某人所喜欢的。both表示两者都 either 表示两者中的任何一个,强调个体; others表示复数意义,泛指他

50、人; the other 指代单数可数名词时,特指两者中的另一个。此句中应是泛指“他人”。5.【解析】选B。考查代词。句意：战争中他已失去了冷静和健康，并且这两样东西再也找不回来了。根据题干是两者，选项中可以用于两者的是A和B。排除C和D，C项为“每一个”，D项为“ 所有的”，用于三者或三者以上。题干中有never，never/not+either=neither所以B是正确答案.6.【解析】选C。考查代词的用法。句意：游泳是我最喜欢的运动项目，没有一种运动能像游泳这样作为保持健康的一种方法。something 有些； anything 任何事情； nothing 没有; everything

51、 一切。7.【解析】选D。考查it的指代用法。句意：她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。句子结构：the fact做句子的主语，that she was foreign做the fact 的同位语，made 做谓语， for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构做made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此时要用it做made的形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾补之后，其他词没有这种用法。8【解析】选A。考查介词短语。beyond words为习惯用语, 意为“无法用语言表达”。句意为：听过她的这个动人的故事以后, 每个人都被感动得

52、说不出话来。9.【解析】选D。考查代词。句意为：Charles一个人在家, 没有人照看他。句中的alone at home暗示没人在家陪伴Charles, 因此选no one, 表示“没有人”。10【解析】选C。考查代词辨析。句意为：光盘特价了！买一送一！空白处填one, 指代one CD。11【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意为：由于购物时间太长, Jenny差点耽误了航班。as a result of“由于, 作为的结果”, 符合语境。on top of在之外, 另外; in front of在前面, in need of需要。12【解析】选C。考查介词的用法。句意为：该地的酿酒工业以一种特殊的方式得到了发展, 几乎没有国外的所有权。with表示“拥有”。13【解析】选A。考查代词的用法。句意为：当一名父亲或母亲并不总是容易的, 当一名有特殊需要的孩子的父亲或母亲经常还要承受额外的压力。此处的it指代的是前面提到的“Being a parent is not always easy”这种情况。14【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意为：如果你以问题的形式提出要求, 那样会显得更有礼貌。in the form of以的形式; in search of寻找; in need of需求; in the direction of往的方向。15【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析