【牛津译林版】（江苏专用）2012届高三英语一轮复习精品学案：语法部分第4讲形容词和副词

1、第4讲 形容词和副词（要点透析）一、注意形容词和副词的基本用法形容词在句中一般作定语(修饰名词)、表语、补语。a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园The play Teahouse is both moving and interesting.Who left the window open?而副词在句中主要作状语，用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和句子。completely right 完全正确very carefully 非常仔细He went to bed late last night.他昨晚很晚才睡觉。Luckily，I was not knocked down.幸运的是，我没

2、有被撞倒。【特别注意】系动词后的表语应该用形容词。The boy looks sad.男孩子看起来很伤心。The boy looks sadly at me.男孩子悲伤地看着我。形容词若作状语，表示主语所处的状态。 He finally came back, safe and sound.他最终回来了，安然无恙。二、形容词的位置1单个形容词作前置定语，但在下列情况作后置定语。形容词修饰不定代词时。There is nothing new in today's newspaper.当表语形容词alone，awake，alive，asleep，alike等作定语时。The people,

3、and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.人民，只有人民，才是创造历史的动力。else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。What else do you know? 你还知道别的什么？2. 形容词构成短语时作后置定语。A man carried a bag full of rice on his back.The enemy took away everything, useful or useless.3多个形容词的排序。原则：关系最密切的形容词， 最靠近被修饰的名词。常见顺序归纳为如

4、下口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等) 描绘性形容词(beautiful, interesting)大小、长短、高低形容词形状、年龄、新旧形容词颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词用途、类别形容词 中心名词。a big round conference table 一张大的圆会议桌a small shiny black leather handbag 一只小的闪亮的黑色皮包a blue German sports car 一辆蓝色德国赛车her charming small round pink face 她的迷人的红润的小圆脸三、副词

5、的位置1. 副词修饰形容词和副词时，应放在被修饰的词之前，但enough，nearby必须置于其后。This book is quite interesting.这本书是很有趣的。The boy is old enough to go to school.这男孩已够大，可以上学了。2. 频度副词(always, often, usually, never, seldom, hardly, sometimes等)要放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays.在星期天孩子们

6、经常和他们的父母去公园。He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。I will never forget that day.我永远也忘不了那天。3. 同时出现的不同种类的副词排列顺序一般为：状态或程度地点方式 频度时间；但要突出某一状语时，可以将它提前。Mr. Brown drove his car quickly outside then.布朗先生那时在外面开着快车。You always study very hard here this term.这学期你总是在这里努力学习。Yesterday, they worked very hard in t

7、he fields.昨天，他们在地里辛勤地劳作着。4. 修饰全句的副词多置于句首，作评注性状语。 Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men.幸运的是，他没有被淹死而是被解放军救了起来。Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.对她来说非常幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。【疑难点击】1. 注意常用同义与近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别。ago与beforeago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before

8、而不用 ago。【疑难点击】good与well与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。real与truereal强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。2以“ly”结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以“ly”结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely等。表原意(无“ly”)和引申意(有“ly”)的副词：close近， closely 仔细地l

9、ate晚， lately最近deep深，表示空间深度，deeply表示感情上的深度，深深地wide表示空间宽度，widely广泛地free免费，freely 无限制地有无“ly”意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对be dead asleepdeadly非常be deadly tiredpretty相当be pretty certain that， pretty goodprettily漂亮地be prettily dressedmost 最 mostly主要地；绝大多数3. 通常用“事物”作主语的形容词。(im)possible, (un)necessary, (im)probable,

10、(in)convenientCome and see me whenever it is convenient to you.4. 注意某些分词转化而来的形容词。表示情感类的过去分词表示心理状态，而现在分词则表示性质，令人frightened 感到害怕的frightening 令人害怕的The frightening noise made the girl too frightened to move. 这个可怕的声音令女孩感到非常害怕，以致不敢动。另注意这些分词形容词 remaining，promising，demanding，missing, gone，lost，seated，drunk等

11、。She was the more promising worker of the two.5复合形容词的构成由两个或两个以上不同词类，其间用连字符连接，构成复合形容词。形容词名词ed middleaged 中年的 warmhearted 热心肠的名词过去分词manmade 人造的名词现在分词 Englishspeaking 讲英语的名词形容词 lifelong 终生的形容词现在分词 goodlooking 好看的副词现在分词 hardworking 勤劳的副词过去分词 wellknown 著名的数词名词形容词 twelveyearold 12岁的四、形容词、副词比较级句型1. 同级比较：as

12、as， the same as, suchas， not as(so)asasas 之间一定要用形容词或副词原形。I am as old as you. 我和你年龄一样大。Tom works as hard as Mary. 汤姆和玛丽工作一样努力。so用以替代第一个as时，只能用于否定句。 John is not as/so clever as Jack. 约翰不像杰克那样聪明。He doesn't read as/so clearly as she. 他读得不像她那样清楚。asadj.不定冠词可数名词单数asasadj.不可数名词asGerman is as difficult a

13、 language as English.Bread is as important food as rice. 2. 比较级than的句型。比较级前可用much，far，a lot，a little，a bit，rather，even，still，a great deal等表示程度，但比较级前不能再用more。She sings far/much better than the others. 她唱得比别人好得多。Your book is far/much more interesting than his. 你的书要比他的书有趣得多。表示不同程度比较时，句子主语不能包括在比较对象的范围之内

14、。He studies harder thanany other studentin his class. anyone else allthe other studentsany of the other students 他比班上其他学生学习用功。(他本身也是学生不能用any students来表示比较对象的范围) 比较级用于否定句中表示最高级的意思。There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world.父母之爱，是世间最伟大的爱。 3最高级句型(只用于三者或以上的比较)最高级可用by far，easily，nea

15、rly，by no means, 序数词等修饰，置于最高级之前。He is the second tallest boy in our class. “否定词语比较级”，“否定词语soas”结构也可以表示最高级。Nothing is so easy as this. Nothing is easier than this./This is the easiest thing.没有比这更简单的了。It can't be worse. 不可能更糟糕了。4. 一些固定习惯用语与句型。“the比较级，the比较级”结构，意为“越，越”。“比较级and比较级”结构，意为“越来越”，表示程度逐渐增

16、长。Our life is getting better and better. 我们的生活越来越好。A is to B what C is to D. A 和B 的关系就像C和D的关系。Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气和人类的关系就像水和鱼的关系。morethan是而不是或颠倒词序译作：与其说不如说That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了(与其说那小女孩饿了，还不如说她累了。)no more than only 只不过(言其少)no more than five yuan

17、只不过5元not more than at most 不多于，至少(指事实)not more than five yuan 不多于5元no morethan和一样不no richer than 和一样穷(不富裕)not morethan不比更not more diligent than不比更勤奋no less than as much as 和一样多no less money than和一样多的钱no fewer than as many as 和一样多no fewer friends than 和一样多的朋友can't be tooadj. can't be adj. eno

18、ugh 无论都不为过You can never be careful enough. You can never be too carful. 你无论怎么小心都不为过。第4讲 形容词和副词（考点突破）() 1. What do you think of the movie? Wonderful. It couldn't be _. (2010·北京四中高三调研)A. so good B. the best C. any better D. worse() 2. It is definite that new digital mobile phones have less ra

19、diation, but that does not _ mean that they should be used without caution. (2010·河北冀州中学高三仿真)A. obviously B. necessarily C. generally D. eventually () 3. What do you think of the film 2012? Well, it's good. At least it's _ the one I saw last time with Jean.(2010·重庆高三模拟)A. as bad as

20、 B. not as good as C. no worse than D. not better than() 4. You should look _ into the matter to get more information about it. (2010·浙江杭州西湖高级中学高三月考)A. farther B. far C. farthest D. further () 5. What do you think of the concert? I really enjoy it. I didn't expect it _ wonderful. (2010·

21、;重庆高三模拟)A. most B. more C. that D. very() 6. My mom once worked in a very small village school, which is _ only on foot.(2010·安徽合肥市高三第三次质量检测)A. acceptable B. adequate C. accessible D. appropriate () 7. The _ student standing at the gate speaks very good Chinese. (2010·河南郑州智林中学高三模拟)A. tall

22、young American B. young tall AmericanC. American tall young D. American young tall () 8. The weather was great and the people were friendly _ a perfect trip. (2010·湖北襄樊四中高三月考)A. altogether B. somehow C. otherwise D. anyway() 9. How is everything going with you these days? Quite well. Not so smo

23、othly as I hoped, _.(2010·江西新余一中高三一模)A. though B. instead C. either D. too ()10. It is known to us all Email is _ efficient than sending a fax. (2010·北京市重点中学考前预测)A. much B. many C. more much D. much more()11. Can't we just live in today, _ the worries of tomorrow or the regrets of the

24、past? (2011·四川成都市三校高三联考)A. free from B. aware of C. sure of D. tired from ()12. Lisa is completely _ and receives no money from her family. (2011·河南许昌高中高三摸底考试)A. conscious B. confident C. independent D. sensitive()13. Attention, coffee lovers! We have for you, the best coffee machine _ inv

25、ented. (2011·安徽亳州一中高三月考)A. ever B. already C. even D. nowadays ()14. We shouldn't complain about being poor many families are much _ than we are. (2011·浙江杭州高级中学高三月考)A. better off B. well off C. worse off D. badly off()15. The man was lying on the ground _ dead.(2011·江苏白塔高级中学高三月考)A

26、. as possible as B. as well as C. as soon as D. as good as ()16. We _ contact each other; she is _ of an acquaintance than a friend. (2010·江苏盐城八中高三模拟)A. seldom; more B. often; better C. often; more D. seldom; better()17. I don't want to move to that city. It is heavily polluted. Pollution i

27、s common. The city here is _.(2010·江苏南京一中高三模拟)A. no less clean B. no clean C. no cleaner D. not less clean ()18. Several hours later, with the help of the police, the students managed to escape from the dangerous place, _.(2010·江苏扬州市高三模拟)A. hungry and frightened B. hungrily and frightening C. hungry and frightening D. hungrily and frightened ()19. This book by Tony Garrison is of great use for our course. But I think his latest o