高考英语二轮复习语法系统讲解课件：冠词

1、语法系统讲解语法系统讲解 一、冠词一、冠词 重温语法聚焦高考重温语法聚焦高考 高考冠词考什么？高考冠词考什么？ 一、考查不定冠词和零冠词的区别一、考查不定冠词和零冠词的区别 - Is it _ English dictionary? - Yes, and it is _ useful one. A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an 二、考查不定冠词和定冠词的区别二、考查不定冠词和定冠词的区别 1.Theres _ dictionary on _ desk near the window. A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. the,

2、the 2._ earth we live on is bigger than _ moon. A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the CAB三、考查三、考查“零冠词零冠词”的用法的用法 1. It takes us nearly _ hour to go to Korla by _ air. A. an, a B. a, an C. an, / D. a, the 2. My uncle isnt _ old man, and he likes playing _ football. A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D.

3、 an, /四、综合考查四、综合考查 _ car in front of our school gate is _ . A. The, the Turners B. A, the Turners C. /, the Turners D. The, the TurnersCDA重点归纳：重点归纳： 1、冠词是虚词，本身不能单、冠词是虚词，本身不能单 独使用，也没有词义，独使用，也没有词义， 它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。2、冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。 下面我们分别来进行讲解不定冠词，定冠词， 和零冠词的用法一、不定冠词的用法一、不

4、定冠词的用法例1 Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. / 分析分析 a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。 A 例2 There is _ “f” and _ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an分析分析在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。A归纳归纳：1. a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必

5、都是元音音素，u发音是ju:或ju时前面用冠词a，u读?时前面用冠词an。2. 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有：f ef, h eit, l el, n en, r a；, s es, xeks 。 There is an “R” in the word.This is a European country. European词首字母不发音， j是辅音音素。This is a one-eyed dog. one w是辅音音素。例Tom is _ honest boy. We all like him. A. a B. an C. the D. /分析分析honest 中h不发音，读音

6、以元音音素 放于前面，表示“一个”时应加an。B 例 -Why not take _ friend with you? -Thats _ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 分析分析 使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是 何人或何物。A例6 English is _ language. It is _ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, / 分析分析 a language意为“一种语言”。language 是可数名词。B例Tom has _ high fever

7、 and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./分析分析表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。A例Mary takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D. one分析分析give, take, have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。 have a talk (bath, look) make a living (promise) take a swim (walk, rest) give a t

8、alk (whistle, smile)B不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法1、表示一类人或事物中的、表示一类人或事物中的“任任何何” 一个，相当于汉语中一个，相当于汉语中“一一”， 但不用于强调数目的概念。但不用于强调数目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说、指某人或某物，但不具体说明明 是是 何人或何物。何人或何物。3、表示单位、表示单位4、表示、表示“一类一类”例There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A分析分析文章中第一次出现的可数名词

9、前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.B二、定冠词的用法二、定冠词的用法例 _ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai.A. The B. An C. This D. That分析分析名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。The boys here are interested in sports.A例3 _ first one sat down and the second stood up.A. The B.A C. O

10、ne D. An分析分析序数词前表示顺序时前加the。Mary is the third to come in.A例Winter is _ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so分析分析形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加 the。Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.B例_ moon moves around _ earth, and they both are smaller than _ sun. A.The, the, the B.A, an, a C.The

11、, an, the D.The, the, a分析分析定冠词用于表示世界上 独一无二的物体名词前。A例We live in _ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some分析分析表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。The sun rises in the east.A例 _ browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A分析分析the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。B例He will go to see you off at _ Railway S

12、tation.A. a B. an C. the D./ 分析分析the普通名词构成专有名词。the United Statesthe United Nations the Peoples Republic of ChinaC例I was playing _ piano at eight yesterday morning.A. a B./ C. the D. this 分析分析play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加 the。 Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute. 表示数量时可用a。 This is

13、 a new piano against the wall.C例10 Our teacher gets up early in _ morning. A. the B./ C. a D. an 分析分析牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。 in the afternoon (evening)in the daytime at the beginningin the endA例11 There is a large ship in _ middle of the river. A. a B./ C. the D. any分析分析牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。on t

14、he right (left)in the front ofin the middle of the meeting / the forestat the foot of the hillC例12 Last night we went to _ cinema.A. the B. a C./ D. those 分析分析牢记一些固定搭配：go to the concert (theatre)A例13 _ young should care for and help _ old. A. The, a B. The, the C. A, the D. An, an分析分析the形容词（形容词名词化）表

15、示一类人或事物。 the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautifulB例14 The small town lies on _ Yangtzi River.A. a B. an C./ D. the分析分析定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面the Dead Sea / the Black Seathe North China Plain华北平原D二、不用冠词的场合二、不用冠词的场合例1Paper is made of _ bamboo.A. a B. the C. / D. that分析分析物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。Wood

16、 can be made into chairs and tables.Iron is a kind of metal.C例_ January is the first month of the year.A. The B.A C./ D. That分析分析表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。Spring is coming.He was born in December.如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。He was born in the Summer of 1964.C例We have no classes on _ Sundays.A. the B. thes

17、e C. D. those分析分析表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。C例 I studies _ English in _ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the分析分析学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry) China is in Asia. in Germany (Japan) in Africa (Europe )A例They often take a walk in _ Hyde Park.A. the B. a C./ D. this分析分析在一些专

18、有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。Christmas Day New years EveNational Day Childrens DayTeachers Day Wall StreetC例 The thief was thrown into _ prison. A. the B. a C. this D. /分析分析表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。背会下列词组：go to work (college, school, hospital, church) be in hospital (school, bed, prison)go to school/ go to

19、the school上这所学校go to bed/ be on the bed东西摆在床上 go to class (be in class)/ be in the class 在教室里 D例 He doesnt have _ breakfast at home.A. a B. the C. this D. /分析分析表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿的饭”，可加a。have a big supper (nice lunch)D例We go to work by _ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. one分析分析表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表示

20、，该名词前不用冠词。by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或by sea (water, air, land)如果用介词in或on，名词前 要加冠词或物主代词。A例 _ running is good. A. The B. A C./ D. An分析分析动名词前一般不用冠词。Walking on the moon is difficult.Seeing is believing.C例10 These boys play _ football after class. A. a B. the C. that D. /分析分析球类、棋类、球类、棋类

21、、游戏名称前不加冠词。游戏名称前不加冠词。D例11 The students of _ Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an 分析分析名词数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。turn to page3/ the third pageLesson One/ the first lessongate Five/ the fifth GateB例12 There is no _ book on the desk.A. the B. a C. an D./分析分析名词前有物主代词、指

22、示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或Any和 no时，均不再用冠词。No books, not a book, not any booksD例13 He often works late at _ night.A. / B. the C. a D. all分析分析表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。 at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。A例14 What does this word mean, _? A. my father B. Father C. father

23、 D. a father分析分析家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。He is secretary of our lab.Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper.father和mother大写时前不加物主代词，小写时前要加物主代词，如：my father, his mother。B定冠不定冠定冠不定冠 意思差千万意思差千万有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。义有所不同。如：如：1)at table在吃饭；在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁在桌子旁2)in clas

24、s在上课；在上课； in the class在班级中在班级中注意一些特殊的情况：注意一些特殊的情况：3)go to school去上学去上学; go to the school 到那所学校去到那所学校去4)go to bed上床睡觉上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去到床那边去5)in front of在在的前面的前面 ; in the front of在在的前部的前部.不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法1、表示一类人或事物中的、表示一类人或事物中的“任任何何” 一个，相当于汉语中一个，相当于汉语中“一一”， 但不用于强调数目的概念。但不用于强调数目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说

25、、指某人或某物，但不具体说明明 是是 何人或何物。何人或何物。3、表示单位、表示单位4、表示、表示“一类一类”定冠词的用法定冠词的用法1、文章中第一次出现的可数名词前、文章中第一次出现的可数名词前 用用a(an)。下次再出现此名词。下次再出现此名词2、名词后有表示范围、地点的介词、名词后有表示范围、地点的介词 短语限定时短语限定时3、序数词前表示顺序时、序数词前表示顺序时4、形容词最高级前及、形容词最高级前及 Only修饰的名词前修饰的名词前5、定冠词用于表示世界上独、定冠词用于表示世界上独 一无二的物体名词前一无二的物体名词前6、表示东、南、西、北方的名词前、表示东、南、西、北方的名词前7、姓氏的复数形式前时，、姓氏的复数形式前时， 表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人表示