上海高考英语知识点整理

1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流 上海高考英语知识点整理.精品文档. abstract adj/n.抽象的；摘要区分concrete n/adj.混凝土；具体实在的 burst v.爆裂，突然发出 burst into tears=burst out crying放声大哭 burst into laughter=burst out laughing放声大笑区分break v/n.打破，违反；暂停，破裂n.暂停interval n.间隔，中间休息 区分external adj.外面的，外部的break out爆发break down出故障=go wrongbreak in强行

2、闯入break into sp.强行闯入某地break through突破break up打破break away from从.脱离，逃离，断绝关系break into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑 announce vt.宣布，通告 同根announcement n.宣布区分pronounce vt.宣称 同根pronunciation n.发音 good adj.好的be good at擅长e.g.Men are generally not good at bargaining with shopkeepers when shopping.男士一般不擅长在购物时讨价还价。do

3、 good to=be good for对.有好处do more good than harm利大于弊do more harm than good弊大于利 同根for good永远 同根goodness n.善，美德 同根goods n.商品，货物 harm vt/n.伤害，损害，危害harmful/harmless adj. do harm to=be harmful to类似hurt vi/vt.痛类似injure vt.伤害，损害（事故受伤）类似wound n/vt.伤口；受伤（战争受伤）区分harmony n.和睦，融洽，友好，和谐 destroy vt.破坏，拆毁，消灭destruc

4、tion n.破坏，毁坏destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的类似ruin vt.破坏 同根ruins n.废墟区分remains遗迹类似damage vt/n.破坏 同根damages n.赔偿金do damage to 对造成破坏类似site n.场所，地点，选址ancient site历史遗迹 remain vi.留下，保持不变，剩余remains n.遗迹remaining adj.剩下的 construct v.建造，构造=put up=set up 同根constructive adj.建设性的 同根construction n.建设区分instruct vt.讲授，指

5、示 同根instruction n.教学，指示，说明 同根instructive adj.有教育意义的 post n/vt.柱，邮政，职位；张贴，邮寄 同根postal adj.邮政的 同根postcode n.明信片；postcard n.邮政编码 同根postman n.邮递员；postmaster n.邮政局长 同根postgraduate n.研究生；bachelor学士区分position n.位置 1.portion n.一部分 同根postage n.邮费类似store vt/n.储存；商店-storage n.储藏类似cover vt/n.遮盖；封面，盖子-coverage覆盖

6、面积cover all the cost涵盖所有成本类似orphan n/adj.孤儿；孤儿的-orphanage n.孤儿院类似marry vt/vi.结婚-marriage n.结婚区分carriage n.车辆，马车poster n.海报类似cook n.厨子；烹调-cooker n.厨具 sometime adv.某个时候区分sometimes adv.有时=from time to time区分some time 在某个时候区分some times 几次 time n.时间all the time/way一直，总是at no time绝不in no time立刻马上by the ti

7、me到.为止（完成时）at the same time与此同时ahead of time=in advance提前in time及时on time准时at a time一次一个take ones time慢慢来at one time=once=once upon a time曾经for the time being=at present现在The room is 3 times as big as mine=The room is twice bigger than mine=The room is three times the size of yours同根timetable n.时刻表同

8、根times n.时代behind the times落后时代keep up with the times追上时代同根pastime n.娱乐，消遣 want vt.想要wanted adj.招聘，被通缉的want to know=wonder类似wonder v/n.想知道，惊叹；奇迹，疑惑wonderful adj.令人惊叹的类似miracle n.奇迹 同根marvelous adj.令人惊奇的，奇特的区分wander vi.徘徊，闲逛 promise v/n.承诺promise sb sthpromise to do sth类似用法promise,agree,hope,suggest,

9、demandmake a promise 作出承诺keep/break ones promise 遵照承诺/食言promising adj.有前途的，有希望的 mobile adj/n.活动的，移动的；汽车mobile phone=cell phone手机区分mode n.方式，形式，风尚区分model n.模型区分modern adj.现代化的同根modernize v.使现代化区分modest adj.谦虚的区分moderate adj.适度的，中等的moderation n.适度in moderation 适度类似medium adj/n.中间的，适度的；媒介物，传媒media区分rad

10、ium n.镭区分stadium n.体育场 material n.材料rare-material 原材料区分medal n.奖牌，纪念章区分metal n.金属区分mention vt/n.精神的，智力的，内心的as is mentioned above正如上文所提到的同根mental adj.精神的，智力的physical物质的，生理的 order n/vt.整齐，秩序；命令，整理命令：order sb to do sth订购：place an order for sth=order sth秩序：in order整齐的；out of order混乱的 in good/bad order井然

11、有序；秩序混乱 put.in order整理为了：in order to=so as to do with a view to doing in order that 句子out of order混乱区分orderly adj.整齐的，有秩序的区分disorder n.杂乱，混乱 同根disorderly adj.杂乱的，混乱的 form n/vt/vi.形成，表格；构成，组成formal adj.正式的 inform vt.通知，告知informal adj.非正式的类似casual adj.偶然的，随便的，非正式的非正式的inform暂时的a causal interest暂时的兴趣临时的

12、casually adv.区分reform v/n.改革区分transform vt.改造，改革区分translate v.翻译，转变区分transplant vt.移植区分transport vt.运输，输送区分transportation n.交通工具，客运，货运区分transfer v.搬，转动，转换 interrupt vt.打断，打扰区分interpret口译，翻译translate translate A into B 同根interpreter n.解释，说明，翻译 同根interpretation n.解释，口译 lie vi/n.躺，位于（lay，lain）lie in在于

13、vt.说谎（lied lied)区分lay vt.放下，产卵，铺设（laid laid）lay down 制定lay the table 铺桌子lay down放下lay much emphasis on重点强调lay a solid/foundation打下坚实基础 同根layer n.层 present n礼物=gift类似gift n.礼物，天赋 have a gift for有天赋gifted adj.有天赋的 vt.赠送，授予，呈现同根presentation n.赠送，呈现，授课present sb with sth=present sth for sb提供某人某物 adj.现在同

14、根presently adv.不久，不一会，现在=soonat present=for the time being=currently目前现在the present government现政府 adj.出席的，到场的同根presence n.在场，出席the people present 在场的人represent vt.代表同根representative n.代表 expose vt.暴露，揭露be exposed to+doing接触，暴露，感染exposure n.暴露exposition n.博览会（EXPO） interview n/vt.采访，面试同根interviewer n

15、.面试官同根interviewee n.被面试者区分candidate n.参选者，求职者 employ vt.雇佣，使用同根employee n.雇主同根employer n.雇员同根employment n.雇佣unemployment n.失业 unemployed adj.失业的be employed/used to.被用来 apply v.申请，应用同根applicant n.申请人同根application n.申请表，应用make an application for sthapply for 申请apply A to Bbe applied to应用于e.g.She has a

16、pplied to the company for a position as a secretary.她已经向这家公司申请做秘书。e.g.Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learnt in class to practice.应该鼓励学生将课堂知识应用于实践。同根appliance n.器具 device n.装置；instrument n.仪器，乐器 implement n/vt.工具，用具；tool n.工具 pass v/n.传递，经过，通过；通行证passage n.通过，通道，经过，文章的一段类似corri

17、dor n.走廊passenger n.乘客passer-by n.过路人pass on传递conveymessage n.信息messenger n.送信人 区分massage n.按摩 point v/n.指出；小数点be on the point of doing sth=be about to do sth正要做某事There is no sense/point in doing sth毫无意义v.point at/to指向 point out指出indicate sense n.感觉a sense of humor幽默感make sense有意义make sense of弄懂e.g.

18、Someone need a textbook to make sense of a foreign tonguecommon sense/knowledge常识in sense在某种意义上讲havein common有共同点 vt.意识到类似realize vt.实现，认识，体会real adj.真的，真正的really adv.确实的realistic adj.现实的，真实的reality n.现实类似aware adj.意识到be aware ofsensible adj.明智的，合理的be sensible of类似wise adj.有智慧的类似advisable同根sensitive

19、 adj.敏感的be sensitive tononsense n.胡说，废话 case n.实例，事例suitcase n.行李箱in no case=at no time=by no means=on no condition =on no account=under /in no circumstance绝不in any case=any way不论如何in case+句子；in case of doing/sth以防万一类似circumstance n.情况，境遇（常用复数）(situation)类似account n/vi.叙述，账户账目；解释，说明account for占多大比例e

20、.g.Sth account of 11.4% of B某物占据B的11.4%accountant n.会计人员类似mean vt/adj.意味着；平庸，卑鄙，中间的mean to do sth打算做mean doing意味着be meant for/to do旨在e.g.The magazine is meant for young girls who like fashion.那本杂志是编给喜欢时尚的女孩看的。meaning n.意义，意思means n.方法手段meantime n.间隔时间meanwhile adv.同时 due adj.应得的，到期的，预定的类似because con

21、j.因为类似owe vt.归功于owe.to.将某事归功于.同根owing adj.欠着的，未付的due to/because of/on account of/owing to+doing同根own adj/vt.由于，因为同根owner n.所有者 state n/v.国家，状态；声明the state of marriage婚姻状况同根unstated adj.含蓄的同根statement n.声明 qualify v.使具有资格的同根qualification n.资格同根qualified adj.有资格的qualify sb for/to do/asbe qualified to

22、do/as/for区分quality adj/n.优质的；性质，特性，品质，质量，品质be of good quality区分quantity n.量，数量a large quantity of大量的 provide vt.供给，提供provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb=supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb=offer sb sth类似supply n/vt.供应，供应物；供给类似offer vt.提供，提议，开价类似afford vt.买得起，承担be able to/afford to do sthe.g.In th

23、e mountain area,many children about my age cant afford to go to school.在山区，很多同我年龄相仿的儿童上不起学。区分offend vt.冒犯，得罪 同根offence n.冒犯行为，过错 同根offensive adj.冒犯的区分defend vt.防御，辩护 同根defence n.防御，辩护 同根defensive adj.辩护的 同根defendant n.被告区分defeat vt/n.击败 able adj.有能力，能干的同根ability n.能力区分capable n.有能力同根capability n.能力，

24、性能，潜质be capable of doing sth有能力做某事e.g.As a top student in the class,she is capable of working out these maths problems.作为班上的优秀学生，她有能力解答这些数学问题。区分capacity n.能力，容量，职责 cover n/vt.封面；遮盖，采访，掩盖，占地面积区分discover vt.发现区分recover v.寻回，恢复 other adj.别的，其他的同根otherwise adv/conj.否则，不然another adj/pron.另一个the other day

25、几天前I did see it the other dayanother day改天Let us discuss it another dayevery other day=every second day=every two days隔天every few days每隔几天another two weeks=two weeks more=two more weeks另外两周 favour n/vt.恩惠，善行；喜爱，支持be in favour of支持，赞同do sb a favour=help sb=give sb a hand=approve of同根favourite adj.最爱的

26、同根favourable adj.有利的，赞同的Optimism(乐观） is looking at a more favourable side of events同根unfavourable adj.不利的类似approve vt.赞成同根approval n.赞成同根disapproval n.不赞同同根disapprove v.不赞同 propose vt.建议propose doing sthpropose that+（should）虚拟语气proposal n.建议proposeproposalrefuserefusalapproveapprovaldenydenialburybu

27、rialtrytrial sure adj/adv.确信的，可靠的，有把握的；确实be sure to do sth=be bound to do sth一定会做某事be sure of/about sth有把握做某事make sure that+句子 确保assure vt.保证，承担assure sb of sthassure sb that+句子 向某人保证 ensure vt.保证ensure sb sthinsure vt/vi.给保险同根insurance n.保险 certain adj.确定的，有把握的be certain to do必将区分curtain n.幕区分conta

28、in vt.包含，容纳=include=seat 同根container n.集装箱，容器类似seat n/vt.座位；就坐；容纳e.g.The bag contained a book.包中有书。e.g.The report contains mistakes.文件中存在错误。区分obtain vt.得到 digest vt/n.消化吸收；摘要 同根digestion n.消化，吸收 同根digestive adj.消化，吸收的 former adj.前者 late adj/adv.迟的，晚的同根latter adj.较后的，后一半的the formerthe latter前者后者同根lat

29、er adj/adv.较晚的later on后来同根latest adj.最新的，最近的at latest最新的同根lately adv.近来，最近类似recently recent adj.新近的，近来的 congratulate vt.祝贺congratulate on sb祝贺某人congratulation n.祝贺类似celebrate vt.庆祝celebration n.祝贺 count v.计算，数count on=depend on=calculate on依赖依靠count up=add up总计区分counter n/v.柜台；应对区分encounter vt/n.意外的

30、相遇，邂逅=meet=come across区分account n/vi.叙述，账户账目；解释，说明account for占多大比例 e.g.Sth account of 11.4% of B某物占据B的11.4% 同根accountant n.会计人员类似calculate n.计算，估计 同根calculator n.计算器depend vi.依靠，依赖 同根dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的 focus v/n.集中，聚焦focus on集中于，焦点在于 concentrate v.集中concentrate on集中注意力在同根concentration n.专心，集中 dep

31、end vt.依赖依靠dependenceindependence n.独立dependentindependent adj.独立的depend on 依靠依赖，取决于 operate v.工作，运转，活动，操作operate on给某人动手术同根operation n.操作，经营，营业，手术同根operator n.操作员，话务员区分cooperate vi.合作，配合 lose vt/vi.失去，损失lose ones way=get lost迷路be lost in陷入沉思 touch v/n.触摸，触及，涉及touch on涉及，论及，述及同根untouched adj.未碰触过的区分

32、tough adj.坚韧的，困难的，强硬的，固执的hard The life in the city is tough区分rough adj.粗糙的，崎岖的，粗制的smooth 光滑的，平稳的同根roughly adv.概略的，粗糙的rough condition艰苦的环境区分cough v/n.咳嗽区分cotton n. 棉花 agree v.同意agree on在某方面达成协议agree to do sth同意做某事agree with sb同意某人的意见agree with sth与.一致e.g.He is always promising to study hard,but his a

33、ctions dont agree with his words.他总是承诺要努力学习，却言行不一。同根agreeable adj.令人愉快的同根disagreeable adj.不合意的，令人不快的同根agreement n.协议=contract类似grant vt/n.同意，授予，承认take sth for granted=take it for granted that.认为.理所当然e.g.The Chinese take it for granted that sons and daughters should support their parents.中国人认为子女有义务赡养

34、父母。 decide v.决定同根decision n.决定类似determine vt/vi.决定同根determination n.决心，坚定，果断，确定decide to do=determine to do=be determined to do决心做某事=make up ones mind to do=make a decision divide vt.分开同根division n.部门，分开divide into将分为 divided by除divide.between A and B将.分为A和Bseparate adj/vt.分开，划分，区分separate.from expl

35、ode v.爆炸，爆发类似blow up同根explosion爆炸 explosive炸药 bomb炸弹 bullet子弹 gun手枪区分guy n.家伙，小子 include vt.包括区分conclude v.结束，推断出同根conclusion n.结束，结论，推论in conclusion=in a word总之arrive at/draw come to a conclusion得出结论区分exclude vt.排斥在外，不包括同根exclusion persuade vt.说服同根persuasion n.劝说persuade sb to do sth成功的劝说某人做某事 gene

36、ral adj.普遍的，一般的in general=generally speaking一般来说general idea文章大意同根generation n.一代人from generation to generation 一代代的generation gap代沟区分generous adj.慷慨的，大方的generosity慷慨 curious adj.好奇的curiosity n.好奇心 differ vi.不同同根different adj.不同的，有区别的同根difference n.A be different from BA与B不同A differ from B in C=A an

37、d B be different in CA与B在C方面不同 aspect n.方面区分inspect vt/vi.检查，检阅，视察inspector检查者区分prospect v/n.勘察；预期，景色，前景区分respect n/vt.尊敬，重视，方面respective adj.各自的，各个的respectable adj.受尊敬的同根respectively adv.各自的区分expect vt.期待，预料expect to doexpect sb to do sthexpect too much of him对他期望过高as is expected正如所预料的expect too mu

38、ch of sb对某人期望过高expectation n.区分suspect vt/n.推测，察觉，怀疑；嫌疑犯类似doubt vt/n.怀疑doubtful adj.有疑问的doubtless adj.无疑=undoubted country n.国家，乡下from country to country国与国之间from door to door=from house to house人与人之间from time to time=sometimes=at times=every now and then同根countryside n.乡下区分county n.郡区分league n.联盟，协

39、会 city n.城市同根citizen n.公民类似town n.城镇类似urban adj.城市的区分rural adj.农村的区分valley n.山谷，溪谷区分village n.村庄区分civil adj.国内的，公民的同根civilian n.平民 同根civilization n.文明同根civilize v.使开化 fail vi/vt.失败，不及格，衰退fail in doing在某方面失败fail to do未能成功的做某事同根failure n.失败，故障power failure断电crop failure粮食歉收 succeed v.成功，继承succeed in d

40、oing=manage to do sth同根success n.成功，成就，胜利同根successful adj.成功的同根successfully adv.成功地 consider vt.考虑，认为consider.as=regard.as=look on.as=view.as=think of.as=cont.as将看做区分considerate adj.考虑周到的be considerate/thoughtful of 考虑周到的类似considered adj.经过深思熟虑的同根consideration n.考虑o consideration/account考虑=c

41、onsider区分considerable adj.重大的，相当多的，相当大的considerable orders大量订单同根considerably adv.很大程度上 worth prep/n.值得；价值be worth doing=be worthy to be done=be worthy of being done值得同根worthy adj.值得的，值得敬重的同根worthless adj.无价值的 区分priceless 无价的 类似price n.价格the reduced price已经下调的价格 区分prize n.奖品同根worthwhile adj.值得的It is

42、worthwhile to do/doing类似valuable adj.有价值的，有用的 同根value n/vt.价值；重视 face n/v.面孔；面对make a face做鬼脸sb be faced with/by sth=sth face sb面对e.g.After a rainstorm,they found themselves faced with a serious flood一场暴风雨过后，他们发现自己面临着严重的水灾。=After a rainstorm,they found a serious flood facing themselves in face of面对同

43、根facial adj.面部的区分fascinate vt.迷住，吸引be fascinated with/by被迷住 express n/vt.快车，快递；表达，表示EMS（express mail service)特快专递express my thanks to you.表达我的谢意同根expression n.表达，表示，表情，短语类似phrase n.短语 admit vt.承认，准许进入admit (to)doingbe admitted to/into考入e.g.He has been admitted into XX university.考入e.g.The driver who

44、 had knocked down an old man admitted drinking before driving.那名撞到老人的司机承认自己是酒后驾驶。同根admission n.准许进入类似allow vt.允许=permitpermit/allow doing sth sb to doe.g.He is so independent that he wont allow anyone to lead him by his nose.他很独立，所以不会允许任何人牵着他的鼻子走。同根permission同根permissible earth n.陆地on the earth在地球上o

45、n earth究竟同根earthquake n.地震 once adv.一次at once=immediately=in no time=right away/now=with delay立刻all at once突然once upon a time曾经=onceonce in a while偶尔，有时候once again/more再一次，又一次 contact n/v.联系，接触contact sb与某人联系=make/keep in/get contact with sbeye contact眼神交流类似connect vt.连接，联系connect A with B=be connec

46、ted with类似combine v.结合combine A with Bbe combined with结合 同根combination n.结合区分contract n/v.合同；订立合同，感染感染=be infected with合同=agreement n.合同区分contrary n.相反on the contrary 相反be contrary to 与相反区分contrast n.对比by/in contrasta sharp contrast鲜明的对比区分constant adj.连续不断的，始终如一的，一成不变的constant activities连续不断的活动 pres

47、s v/n.压平；报刊，新闻舆论Press conference记者招待会 同根pressure n.压力类似stress n.压力，紧张，强调，重音high blood pressure高血压lung cancer肺癌heart disease/attack/trouble心脏病区分depress vt.丧气，压下，抑郁The Big Depression29-33年资本主义世界经济危机depressed adj.感到沮丧的depressing/depressive adj.令人沮丧的区分oppress vt.压迫，压制区分impress vt.印象深刻sth deeply impress

48、sb=sb be deeply impressed by sth.某物留给某人深刻的印象e.g.The great changes in Shanghai in the past decade have deeply impressed me.=Ihave been deeply impressed by the great changes in Shanghai in the past decade.上海过去十年的变化，留给我深刻印象。impress sb with sth=impress sth on sb使某人记忆深刻e.g.The girl impressed the intervie

49、wer with her liveliness and humor.那个姑娘又活泼又幽默，给面试官留下深刻印象。同根impression n.印象 condition n/vt.环境，状况air-condition空调 同根air-conditioned adj.有空调的be in good condition状态好on condition that以.为条件on no condition绝不 同根conditioner护发素 区分surround n/adj.包围，环绕 同根surrender v.投降 同根surrounding n/adj.周围的事物；周围的 同根surroundings

50、 n.周边环境区分environment n.环境（自然环境）区分situation n.情况，处境，场面 charge v/n.主管，费用，充电，控告索价charge for要价 free of charge免费 charge sb some money收费主管in the charge of在.管理之下The baby is in the charge of my mun in charge of主管，负责My mum is in charge of the baby take charge of主管控告charge sb with sth=accuse充电同根charged adj.带电

51、的 blame vt/n.责怪blame sb for sth=blame sth on sb将某事的责任归咎给某人e.g.You shouldnt blame her for it,for she is innocent.因为她是无辜的，所以你不应该将此事归咎于她。=You shouldnt blame it on her,for she is innocent.be to blame for该受责备的e.g.The children are not to blame for what happened yesterday.昨天发生的事情不可以责怪孩子们。 devote vt.奉献，专用于=

52、dedicate区分delicate adj.纤细的，雅致的，易碎的be devoted to=devote oneself to doing/n.奉献于，致力于区分debate v/n.辩论区分contribute v.贡献同根contribution n.贡献make a contribution to doing/n.=contribute to doing贡献于同根contributing n.主导因素区分distribute vt.分发，配送distribute to分散，分担attribute to归因于 courage n.勇气，勇敢have the courage to do sth有勇气去做某事同根co