新概念1第143-144

1、Passive Voice被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的。当句子的主语是动作的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be表现出表现出来。来。o They play football on Sunday.o Lucy does the homework in the evening.o They often use computers in class.o We make t

2、hese machines in Beilun.o People speak English as the first language in UK.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beilun.English is spoken as the first language in UK.His brother washes bow

3、ls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are washed by his brother every day.改为被动语态1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词He looked after the little baby yesterday.主谓宾(受动者)The little baby was looked afterbyhim yes

4、terday .o They built the tall building last year.o He took good care of his little brother yesterday.o We cleaned our classroom just now.o They used this room for resting.o They planted many trees years ago.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by hi

5、m yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.Many trees were planted by them years ago.2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Th

6、e room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.o We will have a sports meeting next week.o Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.o The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.o The farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next spring.o Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow.

7、A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.3.They will fini

8、sh the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词过去分词4Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off th

9、e lights.4.They should learn English well.5.Jim could do it yesterday. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.It could be done by Jim yesterday.练习：1.Many people speak English.2.They made comput

10、ers in the U.S.A.3.People used knives for cutting things.4.People used metal for making machines.5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.6.They speak English in Canada. 7.They write business letters in English. 8.They grow rice in South China. 9.They plant many trees in North China. 10.Lu Xun wro

11、te this book. 11.The workers built some bridges.12.We can use the box as a table. 13.We should clean the classroom everyday 被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class. e.g. T

12、hey look after the new students in the school.被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school. 2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补), 并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to” e.g. They make us do all the work.被动句：We are made to do all the work by them. e.g. We often hear her sing songs.被动句：She is often heard to sing

13、 songs by us. e.g. I saw him walk to school.被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（ let ，have ，make，feel，see ,watch, hear, notice) 3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for” 。常见加to的动词有give，send, teach，write, show,

14、 pass, ask, tell常见加for的动词有make, draw, buy e.g. He gives me a flower everyday. 被动1 I am given a flower by him everyday. 被动2 A flower is given to me by him everyday. e.g. My mother bought me a computer. 被动1 I was bought a computer by my mother . 被动2 A computer was bought for me by my mother .练习：将下列句子变

15、为被动句。 1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully. 2.The mother looked after the baby in the room. 3.We took care of the things. 4.They gave us some work. 5.The boy made them laugh all the time. 6.My mother buys me a bike. 1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The stude

16、nts clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was ma

17、de to have can be used3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. w

18、e were given were given to us7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factor

19、y women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students in this schoo

20、l study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by them下列时态的被动语态构成下列时态的被动语态构成 Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + b

21、eing +过去分词过去分词I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词过去分词We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过

22、去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is /are +doneS+was/were +doneS+ can/may/must/should + be+ doneS+ will+be+ doneS+ am/is/are + being + doneS+ have/has + been+ doneS+ was/were+being+ doneHomework :1.He cleans the classroom everyday.2.They finished their homework.3.I ca

23、n mend his bike.4.She will buy ten books tomorrow.5.We shouldnt allow them to go out with their friends.6.The old man often makes us laugh.呵 呵 哈 哈嘿 嘿 嘻 嘻surround placewood throw beauty spot rubbishhundred countcity coverthrough piecevisitor tyretidy rustylitter amonglitter basket prosecutesurround v

24、. 包围包围篱笆围绕着我家房子。篱笆围绕着我家房子。The fence surrounds my house.surrounding adj周围的，附近的周围的，附近的 n（复数）环境，周围的事物（复数）环境，周围的事物周围的风景周围的风景 the surrounding scenery 近郊近郊the surrounding country社会环境社会环境social surroundings居住环境居住环境living surroundings孩子们生活在舒适的环境中。孩子们生活在舒适的环境中。The children live in pleasant surroundings.wood

25、n. 森林，森林， 树林树林(复数复数) 比比forest 小小 木头，木材，木料（不可数）木头，木材，木料（不可数） 他在森林中迷路了。他在森林中迷路了。He got lost in the woods.森林中有座房子是木头建成的。森林中有座房子是木头建成的。Theres a house which is made of wood in the woods.hundred n. 百，一百百，一百 800eight hundred250two hundred and fifty205two hundred and five数以百计的数以百计的hundreds of成百上千的成百上千的thous

26、ands ofthrough prep. 1.穿过穿过 2.遍及遍及 ，到处，到处 3.整个，从整个，从到最后到最后辨析：辨析：through 内部内部across 表面表面over 上空上空太阳穿过窗户照进来。太阳穿过窗户照进来。The sun shines through the window.红灯亮的时候，不要过马路。红灯亮的时候，不要过马路。Dont walk across the street when the light is red. 看，一只苍蝇正飞过你的头顶。看，一只苍蝇正飞过你的头顶。Look! A fly is flying over your head. visitor

27、 n.谢绝会客！谢绝会客！No visitors！访客签名薄访客签名薄 visitors book visit v.我每年都要去很多地方。我每年都要去很多地方。I visit many places every year. 去年我去了加拿大。去年我去了加拿大。I visited Canada last year.tidy adj. 反义词反义词 untidy妈妈的房间总是很干净，而我的却很乱妈妈的房间总是很干净，而我的却很乱 。 Moms room is always tidy, but mine is untidy. v. 使使整洁，整理（常与整洁，整理（常与up连用）连用）我妈妈正在收拾房

28、间。我妈妈正在收拾房间。Mom is tidying up a room.外出前要整理仪容。外出前要整理仪容。Tidy yourself up before you go out.litter n. 杂乱的东西杂乱的东西 垃圾垃圾 请勿丢垃圾！请勿丢垃圾！No litter, please.垃圾袋垃圾袋litter bag垃圾箱垃圾箱litter bin / dustbin随意丢垃圾的人随意丢垃圾的人litterbug有些游客在景区乱认垃圾。有些游客在景区乱认垃圾。Some tourists leave litter in beauty spot. v. 乱丢垃圾，乱丢垃圾， 把把弄得乱七八糟

29、弄得乱七八糟请勿弄乱你的房间。请勿弄乱你的房间。Dont litter your room. place v. 1.放置，安放，摆布放置，安放，摆布 2. 安置安置sb. 3. 把（希望，信赖）寄托于把（希望，信赖）寄托于他把数字以正确的顺序排号。他把数字以正确的顺序排号。He placed the numbers in the right order. 他们派我去美国。他们派我去美国。They placed me to America.你要信赖你的领导。你要信赖你的领导。You should place confidence in your leader. n. 1.工作，职务，职责工作，职

30、务，职责 2. 空间，余地空间，余地他在工程公司任职。他在工程公司任职。He got a place in an engineering company.决定下一步该做什么不是你的职责。决定下一步该做什么不是你的职责。Its not your place to decide what to do next.from place to place到处，处处到处，处处give place to让位于让位于 被被所替代所替代know ones place懂分寸，不过分，举止谦虚懂分寸，不过分，举止谦虚 take place 发生发生in place of代替代替throw v. 对应词对应词 catch她给我扔过来一个苹果。她给我扔过来