临门一脚高考英语热点专题复习知识运用专题四语法填空

1、专题四：语法填空一、考点精要【授之以渔】语篇型语法填空题题型特点：语法填空同时具有单项选择和完形填空两种题型的特点。单项选择侧重考查学生对于基础知识的掌握程度，特别是词汇和语法知识，但它局限于考查词汇和语法知识在简单句子中的意义，对学生语言知识实际运用能力的考查有限。和单项选择相比，语法填空则侧重考查语言知识在具体篇章中的意义，更加强调语言的交际功能。新题型语篇填空充分体现了高考命题的原则：突出语篇，注重交际，讲究灵活，强调应用语篇语法填空题的命题点：(1)给提示词词性转换以加后缀为主：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀、副词后缀、数词后缀；也有加前缀的情况动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词、不th式

2、、-ing形式、过去分词名词数、格形容词比较级、最高级、形容词副词词性互变副词比较级、最高级、形容词副词词性互变(2)不给提示词连词从属连词、并列连词代词人称、非人称(it)、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑问、关系、连接、不定介词简单、合成、短语冠词定冠词、不定冠词副词疑问、连接、关系、时间、地点、方式、程度、句子、承接新题型考查特点：语法填空题主要考语法，还考词汇和语用知识。1 .内容覆盖面广，考查范围均为大纲中所列的所有语法项目一一包括动词非谓语形式、时态、被动语态、情态动词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、从句、倒装、习惯表达法等；2 .重点突出，强调动词的考查；3 .突出语境的作用，提供语

3、境间接考查语言知识的运用。4.10个空白处主要考查名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、连接词等；5.其中有34个空白处要求使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，主要考查对动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词形式和构词法等知识的掌握情况。考点1.给提示词【巧点妙拨】1 .提示词是动词当括号内提供的是动词时，主要判断其是谓语还是非谓语。(1)当考查的是谓语时，首先要判断其时态和语态。例1.SinceHongKong(rejoin)Chinain1997,morestudentsfromtheChinesemainlandhavechosentostudythere.答案：rejoined解析：此处考查作谓

4、语的动词形式。根据主句的时态havechosen及从句的时间状语in1997,此空动词应该是一般过去时态。(2)如果考查非谓语，要判断非谓语在句中的成分，根据不同成分使用适当的形式，其中使用-ing形式和-ed形式居多，有时也考查todo等形式。例2.Tenyearsago,Jessicawasonly13.(live)withherparentsinHongKong,sheknewlittleputonghua.答案：Living解析：此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语，与逻辑主语she是主动关系，所以使用现在分词living。2 .提示词是形容词或副词如果括号内提供

5、的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词，比较级或否定形式。例3.Thirty-fivecents,"she>aid(rude).答案：rudely解析：此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said,所以要使用副词形式。例4.Atlast,hercourageand(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.答案：wisdom解析：括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一

6、起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。3 .提示词是名词当括号内提供的是名词时，一般考查其形容词形式，但有时也可能考查其副词、动词等形式。例5.There,myvoicesoundsreally(wonder)becausethere'saslightechotoit.答案：wonderful解析：括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。例6.Acertainmanplantedaroseandwateredit(faith)andbeforeitblossomed,heexaminedit.答案：faithfully解析：括号内提供的是名词，

7、但此空是作状语，修饰动词water,所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful,然后再变成副词faithfully。考点2.不给提示词【巧点妙拨】纯空格需要填的词，主要是连词(连接代词，连接副词，关系代词、关系副词)、介词、代词、(人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词、it)、冠词等。1 .缺主语或宾语，一定填代词。例IcansendamessagetoJanewheneverIwanttoandgetstherealmostinasecond.答案：it解析：it指代amessage2 .名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、物主代词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。例Itis

8、saidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynastywasveryanxioustohelpricecropgrowup.答案：his解析：his指代“那个急性子人的”。3 .名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，其前面一定是填介词。.whoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeguestintheirhouse.答案：as解析：as意为“作为”。4 .若两个句子如果没有分号或句号，很可能根据上下文逻辑填连词或从句引导词。例1.IwantedtoseeasmuchofthecityaspossibleinthetwodaysIwas

9、toreturntoGuangzhou.例2.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,hefeltveryhappy.例3.However,Chenhong,graduatedfromHongKongUniversitythissummer,hasfoundthatnowsheneedsputonghuamorethanever.答案：1.before2.but3.who解析：1.before意为“在之前”。2.根据句意可知前后两句话为转折关系。3.who引导非限制性定语从句。5 .根据固定搭配、典型句型、特殊句式来判断空格应填的词。例1Volunte

10、ers'workplaysanimportantinAmerica'shighschooleducation.例2.andwasonlyafterhelefthomethatherealizedtheimportanceofhisfamily.例3.Thismadethegoatsojealousitbeganplottingagainstthedonkey.例4.withhardworkcanyouexpecttoimproveyourEnglish.答案：1.part/role2.it3.that4.Only解析：1.考查固定短语：playapart/rolein。2.考查

11、强调句。3.考查sothat句式。4.考查“only+状语”放在句首的倒装。二、典题对应【名师坐堂】该题型会以考生常犯的语法错误为基础来设置。但是只要我们清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和规律，掌握一定的解题技巧，同时在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，在考试中就能提高这一题型的准确率。解题记住以下四部口诀：一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通。典题1.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62（actual）caughtfireandburned.Whilethereare68（amaze）s

12、toriesofinstanttransformation,formostofus69（change）aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70（patience）.（2014年全国卷）答案：62.actually68.amazing69.changes70.patient典题2.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays64evenafewmonths.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouh

13、aveahabit67isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.（2014年全国卷）答案：64.or67.that/which三、命题趋向语法填空的命题规律主要体现在：（1）从句子结构和语法知识入手，（2）从词性变化和固定搭配入手，（3）从语境线索和关键信息入手。Eleven-year-oldAngelawasstrickenwithadiseaseinvolvinghernervoussystem.Thedoctorsdidnotholdoutmuchhopeofhereverrecovering1thisillness.Theypredictedshe'dspendther

14、estofherlifeinawheelchair.2Angelafirmlybelievedthatshewasdefinitelygoingtobewalkingagainsomeday.Thedoctorswerecharmedbyher3(defeatable)spirit.Theytaughtheraboutimagingaboutseeingherself4(walk).Angelawouldworkashardaspossibleinphysicaltherapy(理疗),lyingtherefaithfullydoingherimaging,visualizingherself

15、moving,moving,moving!Oneday,5shewastrainingwithallhermighttoimagineherlegsmovingagain,6seemedasthoughamiraclehappened:thebedmoved!Shescreamedout,“LokwhatI7(do)!Look!Look!Icandoit!Imoved,Imoved!”Ofcourse,8thisverymomenteveryone9inthehospitalwasscreaming,too.ItwastheSanFranciscoearthquake.Butdon't

16、tell10toAngela.Shesconvincedthatshedidit.Andnowonlyafewyearslater,shesbackinschool.Onherowntwolegs.Nowalkingsticks,nowheelchair.答案：1.from2.But3.Undefeatable4.walking5.as6.it7.amdoing8.at9.else10.that/it解析：靠轮椅行走的安吉拉，连医生对她的康复都不抱希望，但她始终没有放弃，一次地震让她觉得是她自己的脚动了，并对此坚信不疑，几年后她真的靠自己的双脚重新走进了学校。1. fromrecoverofr

17、omanillness意为从疾病中恢复过来”。2. But。与前句是转折关系。3. undefeatable。在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由语境可知，此处应表示不败的“，故填undefeatable。句意：医生为她永不言败的精神所折服。4. walkingoseesbdoing看见某人在做某事”。5. as。as表示正当时“。6. it。句式搭配：itseemsasif/asthough.仿佛是。7. amdoing。句意：看，我在做什么！8. at。atthisverymoment意为止匕亥U”。9. else。用于复合不定代词或疑问词后，表示其他的"，用else。10. that

18、/ito替代前文说的地震这回事。四、直击高考语法填空专练一TheInternethasbecomepartofyoungpeople1'slife.reportshowsthat38%ofstudentsoftenusetheInternet.Mostofthemget2(use)informationontheInternet3usetheInternettohelpintheirstudies.Butmanystudentsdon4'tuseitagoodway.Someplaygamestoomuch,somevisitwebsites5shouldn'lotok

19、at.Sobadthingsmayhappen6studentsspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.7isimportantforstudentstousetheInternetproperly.Nowwehaveatextbook,8usesmanyexamplestoteachstudentssomegoodwaystousetheInternet.Itgivesusefuladvice.Somestudentsalsomake9ontheInternet.Butifyouwanttohaveaface-to-face10(meet)withyouronlinefr

20、iends,letyourparentsknowandmeetinaproperplace.语法填空专练二Doyoufeel1difficulttobehappyallthetime?NowI'egpsyo2sonhowtomakeyourselfhappy.Onewayisbeing3(self)becauseunselfishnessisthekeyfactor4(require)ifyouwanttogetalongwellwithothers.By5(say)beingunselfishwemeanwe6notwanteverythingourownwayordemandthe

21、bestshareofeverything.Anotherwayistolookforgoodpointsin7people.You'llfindmostpeoplepleasanttogowithanditwillsurelymakeyouhappy.Third,youcannotexpecttobetooperfect,8don'tbetoounhappywhenyoumakeamistake.EverythingwillbeOKifyoutrytomakethingsright.Finally,itisimportanttorememberthatwhileyouaren

22、ot9(bad)thanothers,chancesyouhavemaynotbemuchbetter.Inthiscase,10surestwaytobehappyistothinkyourselfaboveotherpeople.语法填空专练三Wemaybevery1(please)withtherapidprogresswehavemadeineveryfieldofstudy,butwehavealmostdonenothingtoimproveourpresent2(exam)systemswhichfocus3testingthestudentsmemoryinsteadofthe

23、ir4(able).Assoonasachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofexamination5willdecidehisfutureofjob.Infactagoodexaminationstystemshouldencouragestudentstothinkforthemselves.Buttheexaminationnowdoesanythingbutthat.Itforcesthestudentstoremember6istaughttogethighmarks.Thusthestudentswhocomeoutfirstintheexaminati

24、onoftenmaybethe7(good)intheirstudies.Inaddition,such8examinationsystemoftendrivesteacherstocramallthetimeandforcesthemtotrainstudentswhattodowiththe9(come)examination.Theremustbeabetterwaytotestastudents10trueaabsilitthyeairsknowledge.语法填空专练四MoreAmericanpeopletaketheirtroubleswiththemonholiday,accor

25、ding1anewsurvey.Although40percentsaidthatthemainreasonforgoingawayistoescape2(press)fromwork,almostallsaidtheyworrymore3theydoathome.Onlyfourineveryonehundredsaidthattheyarehappyandfreeofcare.Themostcommonworryisburglary(入室盗窃),withfouroutoftenworryingabouttheirhomes4(break)intowhiletheyareabroad.Mor

26、ethanaquarterfeeltheywillfeelcrazy5someothernoisyandroughholiday-makersandtwenty-twopercentworrytheymaybeattacked6theirpossessionswillbe7(miss).Thesurveyalsoshowed8thestay-athomeAmericansarenomore.Threeoutofeveryfivewanttohaveaholidayabroad,whichwas9increasefromthefiguresonlythreeyearsago.Thehotelho

27、lidayisstillawinner,withaboutonethirdofallAmericans10(prefer)togoonaself-catering(自助)holiday.语法填空专练五ManyChinesebelieve1(eat)pigbrainswillincreasetheirintelligenceandsomeAmericansregularlyeat2(cook)eggstokeeptheirmindssharp.3,doctorsdon'trecommendtoeat4raweggsoranimalbrains.Then,whatfoodisgoodfor

28、yourbrain?Scientistshavefound5relationship6dietandahealthybrain.Generallyspeaking,fishisabrainfood.Besidesfish,youshouldintroducelotsofdarkgreenleafyvegetablesandcolorfulfruitsintoyourdiet7mostpeoplelackthespecialvitamins8thesebrainfoodprovide.Ifyoueatbrainfoods9(regular),theycanincreasebrainpowerhe

29、lpyoupayattention,keepyoumotivated,improveyourmemoryand10(less)stressfromstudies.Thenyoucandomuchbetterinyourtest.语法填空专练六Millions1wordshavebeensaidaboutyoungpeopleintheUnitedStates.Therearereasonsforthisgreatinterestintheirideas,2(feel)andactions.TodaythereareabouteightmillionAmericansinthecollegesa

30、nduniversities.Theyoungundertwenty-fivemake3nearlyhalfoftheAmericanpopulation,manyof4willbeinpowerintheU.S.5(nature),theirideasareimportanttoeveryoneinthecountry,and6isnecessaryfortheolderpeopletounderstand7theythinkandfeel.Collegestudentstodayhavestrongopinionsaboutrightand8.Theyaredeeplyinterested

31、inmakinga9(good)lifeforallthepeople,especiallyforthosewhohavenever10(give)fairchancebefore.语法填空专练七Nowadays,manycitiesaresufferingfromsmog,theshortformofsmokeandfog.Itisespeciallyharmfultochildren,seniors,pregnantwomen,smokersandpeople1lungorheartproblems.Animportantcomponent(成分)ofsmogisground-levelo

32、zone(地面臭氧).Actually,ozonethatisformednaturallyintheatmosphere2(protect)lifefromthesun'damagingrays.Atgroundlevel,however,ozonehurtspeopleseyes,nose,andthroat,which3canmmaokredifficultforthebodytofightagainstan4(infect).Whentheamountofground-levelozoneincreases,sodoes5numberofemergency-roomvisits

33、.Theothercomponentisfineparticulatematter偿田颗粒物).The6(small)theparticle(particulatematter2.5,PM2.5),themoredangerousitcanbe.Whenpeopletakeinozoneandparticulatesfromtheair,boththebloodflow7theoxygensupplytotheheartwillbereduced.Withsuchunhealthyairquality,somesimplewaysarerecommendedforyou8(reduce)hig

34、herriskofhealthproblems.Onsmoggydays,spendlesstimeoutdoors.Ifyouhavetogetoutside,closeallyourwindows9yougoout.Besides,rollupthewindowsof10carifyouaredriving.语法填空专练八Lifeisdifficult.Butlifeisnolongerdifficultoncewetrulyunderstandandacceptit.Mostdonotfullyseethistruth.1theycomplainabouttheirproblemsand

35、difficultiesasiflifeshouldbeeasy.Itseemstothemthatdifficultiesrepresent2specialkindofsufferingespeciallyforceduponthemorelseupontheirfamilies,theirclass,oreventheirnation.3makeslifedifficultisthattheprocessoffacingandsolvingproblems4painful.Problems,5(depend)ontheirnature,causeussadnessorlonelinesso

36、rregretorangerorfear.Theseare6(comfort)feelings,oftenasanykindofphysicalpain.Andsincelifecausesanendlessseriesofproblems,lifeisalwaysdifficultandisfullofpainaswellasjoy.Yetitisinthiswholeprocessofsolvingproblemsthatlifehasitsmeaning.Problemsaretheserioustestthattellssuccessfrom7(fail).Whenwedesireto

37、encouragethegrowthofthehumanspirit,weencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblemsjustasinschoolwesetproblemsforourchildren8(solve).It'sthroughthepainofmeetingandworkingoutproblems9welearn.AsBenjaminFranklinsaid,“Thosethingsthathurt,instruct.10"Itisthisreasonthatwisepeoplelearnnottofearbuttowelco

38、methepainofproblems.语法填空专练九Alongtimeago,therewasahugeappletree.Alittleboycameand1(lie)underiteveryday.Hewouldclimbtothetreetop,eattheapples,andtakeanap2theshade.Helovedthetreeandthetreelovedtoplaywithhim.Inthe3(follow)years,theboycameandcutthebranchestobuildahouse,usedthetrunkon4heusedtoclimbtomakea

39、boatandthennevershowedupforalongtime.Finally,theboyreturned."Sorry,myboy,5Idon'thaveanythingforyouanymore.Nomore6(apple)foryou.”Thetreesaid."Idon't7have(b社eth“theboyreplied.Nomoretrunkforyoutoclimbon."8"darforthatnow,“theboysaid."Ireallycan'giveyouanything.theonl

40、ything9(leave)ismydyingroots,“thetreesaidwithtears."Idon'tneedmuchnow,justaplacetorest.I'mtiredafteralltheseyears,“theboyreplied."GoodlOldtreestopltscertoleanonandrest.Come,come,sitdownwithmeandrest."Theboysatdownandthetreewasglad,smilingwithtears.语法填空专练十WhenGeorgeandhiswifele

41、ftthesupermarket,theyweresurprisedtofindthattheirnewcar1(steal).Theyfiledareportatthepolicestationandadetectivedrove2backtotheparkinglot3(look)forevidence.Totheir4(amaze),thecarhadbeenreturned5therewasanoteinitthatsaid:"Ia6ologta:kingyourcar.Mywife7(have)ababyatthatmomentandIhadtorushhertotheho

42、spital.Pleaseforgetthe8(convenience)wemadetoyou.Therearetwoticketsfortonight'sManiaTwainconcert.Hopeyoutwowillenjoyit.Theirfaithinhumanityrestored.Thecoupleattendedtheconcert.But9theyreturnedhome,they10(immediate)foundthattheirhousehadbeenransacked(洗劫).Onthebathroommirrorwasanothernote:"Iha

43、vetoputmykidthroughcollegesomehow,don'tI?"语法填空专练十一M:MichelleD:DrakeD:Michelle,whyareyoudancing?Ithoughtwehadtostudyforourmathtest!M:Oh,hi,Drake!Iwasdoingsomeexercisejustnow.Ithoughtyoumusthavebeen1(stick)intheheavytrafficforitwastherushhour.Letmeturnthemusic2.D:Youexerciseby3(dance)?Ithough

44、tthingslikerunningandbicycling4(consider)exercise.M:Well,thoseareothergoodwaystoworkout,butIliketodance.Itisfuntomovearoundtomusic,andyoucan5(sure)workupasweat.Doyouliketodance?D:Yes,Ido,6Iamnotaverygooddancer.Forexercise,Ipreferplayingsoccer.Guesswhat?I7(play)inamatchthistimenextSaturday.M:Cool!Ikn

45、owyouliketogototheparkontheweekendandplaysoccer.Maybeyoushouldtrydancing,andIwilltryplayingsoccer.D:Doyouknowhowtoplaysoccer?8isreallyveryeasytolearnonceyoutry.M:Ican'tplaysoccerverywell,eventhoughIusedtoplayalotwhenIwasakid.9youteachmesomeofyoursoccermoves,Illteachyousomedancemoves!Howdoesthats

46、ound?D:It's10deal.Ifitweren'tforthemathtesttomorrow,wecouldgotothegymrightnow.M:Right.Nomorefunandgames.Letmegetmynotebook.语法填空专练十二(潍坊2015.2)MorethanhalfamillionSouthKoreanstudents1(recent)tooktheuniversityentranceexamination.Manypeopleconsidersuccessonthistestthefirststeptowardagoodlife.But

47、SouthKoreanstudentssaytheyfeelstressedfromthepressure.SouthKoreanhighschoolstudentsspendyears2theirstudyfortheuniversityentranceexamination.Thetestismultiplechoice,3(mean)thatthestudentmaychooseamongseveralpossible4(answer)toaquestion.ArecentgovernmentstudyhasfoundthatSouthKoreanchildrenare5leasthap

48、pycomparedtochildrenin29otherdevelopedcountries.ManySouthKoreansowethis6(unhappy)totheeducationalpressure.SouthKoreanPresidentParkGeun-hye7(promise)toreformhercountry'seducationalsystemtwicebynow.Sheurgesthesystem8(increase)creativethinkingandreducestudentpressure.Still,gettingSouthKoreanparents

49、toeasethepressureontheirchildrenmightnotbesoeasy.Amothersayssheisnotwillingtoputsomuchpressureonherdaughter.However,thefiercecompetitionmakes9impossibleforparentsnottodoso.Fornow,10theparentscanexpectisthatthepressurebringsgoodresults.语法填空专练十三(2014年全国卷II)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabo

50、ut1(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,2someofthemlookedveryanxiousand3(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext4thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike5(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshou

51、tingtothedriver,butherefused6(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept7(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,8"anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomano

52、nthebusshouted,dear!It'9(I)”.Shespedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers10(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.语法填空专练十四MyfavoritemovieisaboutarobotnamedAdams,1isadaptedfromasciencefiction.Heworksasasmartemployeeinac

53、omputercompany.Hecando2(vary)jobs.Heisabletomaketothecomputerswhentherearefailures.Helookssocoolthatheevengreetsvisitors3behalfofthecompanyandheneverforgetstoexpressthehopeof4(see)thecustomersagainwhentheygooutofthecompany.SometimespeoplecometothecompanyspeciallytoseeAdamsforthemselvesandfindachance

54、tohave5talkwithhim.Consequently,thecompanygains6(many)customersthanothercompanies.ThereforeAdamswins7(appreciate)fromhisbossandcolleagues.Adams8(possess)humanemotions,evenshowingsympathyforthosewith9(disable).Heiswarm-hearted"andcanhelppeopleinmanyways.Hedoeswhathecan10(help)thoseinneed,forheca

55、n'thavehumanssufferingpains.IenjoythemovieandIbelieverobotsarefriendsofhumans.语法填空专练十五(2014年广东卷)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid1wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.6thereservation.What