与外语人才的思考 查明建上海外国语大学英语学院西南四省

1、查明建上海外国语大学英语学院西南四省高校英语教学研讨会（2014年4月11日）内容简介n外语专业的人文学科性质，决定了外语专业教育的人文通识教育导向、以外语语言、文学、文化为核心，在提高学生语言技能水平的同时，扩大学生的人文视野，培养学生的人文综合素质，以体现人才培养的专业品质。n本发言结合上海外国语大学英语专业三年多来的改革探索及其效果，阐述上外英语专业以学生人文综合素质培养为核心的人文化改革，与同行们分享课程体系建设、教学模式改革的初步经验。3提纲一外语专业的学科性质与人才培养理念二外语专业学生应具备的专业素质和人文素质三外语专业教育的人文化改革1.课程体系改革2.教材建设3.教学模式改革

2、4.教师专业素质的要求与提升4 一、外语专业的学科性质和人才 培养理念5一、外语专业的学科性质和人才培养理 念n学科理念决定人才培养理念以及相应的课程体系和教学模式。n外语专业属于人文学科，而非实用型、属于人文学科，而非实用型、工具型学科。工具型学科。n人文通识教育（全人教育、博雅教育）与专业教育相结合6全人教育是大学教育的核心任务n梅贻琦(1889-1962)的大学理念n梅贻琦：大学教育首先应培养和塑造健全的人格、意志和人文品质。“通专虽应兼顾，而重心所致，则应在通而不在专。”n面向未来社会的教育哈佛大学人文通识教育的人才培养理念Harvard Universitys General Edu

3、cation Harvard faces the challenge of preparing its students to lead flourishing and productive lives in a world that is dramatically different from the world in which most of its faculty grew up. The world today is interconnected in ways inconceivable thirty to forty years ago, it is a highly unsta

4、ble and uncertain world. By virtue of their gifts, their hard work, and their good fortune, Harvardsstudents will enjoy exceptional opportunities. But they will need to make their way in an environment complex in new and incompletely understood ways; and they will also be responsible for more than t

5、hemselves. They will lead lives that affect the lives of others. It is our mission to help them find their way and to meet their responsibilitiesby providing a curriculum that is responsive to the conditions of the 21th century. (Preliminary Report of the Task Force on General Education,October 2006

6、)耶鲁大学英语专业课程描述n“The undergraduate program in English teaches students foundational research and writing skills while cultivating their powers of argument and analysis. Through the majors structuremoving from introductory courses in literature and writing to advanced independent research in the junior

7、 and senior yearsstudents develop a strong sense of history as it touches, and is expressed within, the verbal arts.”9外语教育的“专业性”和“人文性”n人文性人文性：以人的培养和人文教育为核心；n专业性专业性：特定的专业课程学习，即以文学、文化为核心的课程体系。10一、外语专业的学科性质和人才培养理 念n外语专业不是仅仅学外语的专业。外语专业不是仅仅学外语的专业。n学习外语只是进入专业学习的途径，而不是外学习外语只是进入专业学习的途径，而不是外语专业的全部内容。语专业的全部内容

8、。n首先要培养学生具有扎实的外语基本功（听、说、读、写、译能力），掌握进入专业学习的工具。n登堂入室，进入外语专业的殿堂。二、外语专业学生应具备的专业素 质n语言能力语言能力（听、说、读、写、译能力）n专业能力专业能力（语言学、文学、文化）n人文素质人文素质1.人文修养、人文情怀、人文精神2.有较高的人生境界和事业心3.有终身学习和可持续发展能力12三、英语专业教育的人文化改革n英语专业“人文化改革”，是针对过去的语言训练为教学中心的模式而言的。n英语专业属于人文学科，因此，“人文化”就是回归学科本质。n人文性与专业性的统一。13三、英语专业教育的人文化改革n着力点：英语专业要从过去的以语言技

9、能培训为中心，转向以英语语言、文学、文化为核心的以英语语言、文学、文化为核心的人文通识教育人文通识教育。n只有加强英语专业的“专业性”和“人文性”，提升英语专业教育的专业品质和人文品格，才有可能培养出理想的英语专业人才。（一）课程体系建设1.对原有基础课程进行梳理，体现连贯性、进阶性。更重要的是要体现专业性和人文性专业性和人文性。2.对原有专业核心课程和选修课程进行优化，以提升课程的人文内涵和专业品质提升课程的人文内涵和专业品质。 “圣经故事赏析”“圣经与西方文化”； “古希腊罗马神话赏析”“古希腊罗马神话与西方文化” “翻译赏析”“中英语文修养与翻译能力”（一）课程体系建设 3. 提升专业课

10、程的专业品质。n将原来大四的高级英语（精读），改为“人文社会科学原著导读系列”选修课程。学生可根据自己的兴趣选修。n“人文社会科学原著导读系列”选修课程已经开设和即将开设的有：语言学、文学理论、中国文化典籍的翻译与文化阐释（论文翻译）、哲学、宗教学、历史学、心理学、社会学、人类学、国际关系与国际政治等，旨在提提高学生的人文社会科学修养以及思想能力和研高学生的人文社会科学修养以及思想能力和研究能力究能力。（一）课程体系建设4. 完善英语专业课程和人文通识课程体系。n英美社会与文化、英国研究导论、美国研究导论n比较文学、中西文化比较 跨文化研究n西方哲学、西方文明史 西方艺术史n英语史、语言学导论

11、 中英语言修养 n翻译文化、欧洲文化 文化研究入门（一）课程体系建设5.5.培养中国文化传播人才培养中国文化传播人才如何阐发、表达中国文化？如何阐发、表达中国文化？ 中国文化英文系列讲座n儒学与中国传统文化n中国哲学n中国古代政治文化n中国古代艺术（书法与绘画）n中国饮食文化n中国茶文化n中国中医文化n电影与当代中国文化n当代中国文学与中国社会n当代中国外交（二）教材建设n泛读课、写作课、语音课等新教材的编写n人文阅读（过去的“泛读”课程）n从扩大词汇量、训练阅读技巧为中心，转向扩大人文视野、感受英文魅力、培养思考能力为中心nPart One QuotationsnPart Two Cultu

12、ral TipsnPart Three Text AnPart Four Text BnQuestion & DiscussionChapter One Get Ready for the UniversitynPart One Quotations for Discussion:nThe quotations below are related to the role of university. Please interpret each sentence yourself and have a discussion with your classmates on the subj

13、ect.1.A university is what a college becomes when the faculty loses interest in students. John Ciardi 2.What we become depends on what we read after all of the professors have finished with us. The greatest university of all is a collection of books. Thomas Carlyle 3.The exquisite art of idleness, o

14、ne of the most important things that any University can teach. Oscar Wilde4.Colleges are places where pebbles are polished and diamonds are dimmed. Robert Green Ingersoll5.A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car; but if he has a university education, he may steal the whole ra

15、ilroad. Theodore Roosevelt Part Two Cultural TipsnLiberal ArtsnThe liberal arts (Latin: artes liberales) are those subjects or skills were considered essential for a free person, in other words, a citizen, to know in order to take an active part in civic life and public debate in the ancient time. T

16、he aim of these studies was to produce a virtuous, knowledgeable, and articulate person. Part ThreenThe Spirit of Learning by Woodrow Wilson The object of the college, as we have known and used and loved it in America, is not scholarship, but the intellectual and spiritual life. Its life and discipl

17、ine is meant to be a process of preparation, not a process of information. By the intellectual and spiritual life, I mean the life which enables the life to comprehend and make proper use of the modern world and its opportunities. The object of a liberal training is not learning, but discipline and

18、enlightenment of the mind. The educated man is going to be discovered by his point of view, QuestionnWhat do you think of the object of higher education? What are the characteristics of an educated person?nWhat is the difference between “leaning” and “the spirit of learning”?nWhat is the role of tea

19、cher in the making of an educated person? What does it mean that a teacher can only convey the spirit “atmospherically”?nAccording to the writer, what should a college give the young generation? Do you agree or not?In Praise of the Liberal Arts Shirley M. Tilghman1.In terms of liberal arts, do you t

20、hink it is very important to make a balance of humanistic and scientific learning?（para.2）2.Do you agree with the interpretation of higher education by Woodrow Wilson? Why? （para.3）3.What are the primary views against the principle of liberal arts? What is your opinion about them? （para.4-5）4.What c

21、an you learn from the examples listed in the article? Can you find yourself in the typical examples? （para.7-9）5.The writer thinks a liberal education is a mirror of and preparation for the world. Do you agree? Why? (para.10)6.Do you think liberal arts will help you to improve the ability to effecti

22、vely communicate orally and in writing and critical thinking and analytical reasoning skills? why are both very important for your future success in the society? (para.12)语言学习与人文知识拓展、思想能力的提升结合在一起o许国璋：“我教学生从来不以教会学会几句英语或教会一种本事为目标，而是教会怎样做人。英英语教育是用英语来学习文化，认识世界，培养语教育是用英语来学习文化，认识世界，培养心智，而不是英语教学心智，而不是英语教学。

23、”n王佐良：“通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好。得更好。”（三）改革教学模式，提升“专业”品质n我们提倡的英语专业教育人文化改革，并不是英语专业教育与人文教育两方面课程的简单相加，而是要做到有机的融合。n教学方法上，提倡英语基础课教学的人文化，人文课程教学的技能化。（三）改革教学模式，提升“专业”品质n在低年级的语言技能课程（精读、听说、语音、语法、翻译）的教学中，教师要有人文意识，善于挖掘教材内容，拓展学生的人文知识面。n在高年级的专业知识课程（英美文学、语言学、欧美文化、西方哲学等）教学中，则注意培养学生的理解能力、逻辑思维能力、批判思维能力、表达能力、问

24、题意识和学术写作能力。专业基础课如何体现专业特点？n挖掘教材，拓展教学内容，于细微之处，培养学生对语言的敏感、文化的敏感和审美意识，在教学中体现人文意识，渗透人文情怀，潜移默化，滋养人文精神。英语专业基础课教学“人文化”的内涵n对语言的敏感n对语言（修辞）艺术的敏感n语言分析能力n对语言背后文化的敏感n对语言审美意蕴的敏感2929Marguerite Duras : LAmantnUn jour, jtais ge dj, dans le hall dun lieu public, un homme est venu vers moi. Il sest fait connatre et il

25、ma dit: Je vous connais depuis toujours. Tout le monde dit que vous tiez belle lorsque vous tiez jeune, je suis venu pour vous dire que pour moi je vous trouve plus belle maintenant que lorsque vous tiez jeune, jaimais moins votre visage de jeune femme que celui que vous avez maintenant, dvast.Margu

26、erite Duras: The Lover nOne day, I was already old, in the entrance of a public place, a man came to me. He introduced himself and said: Ive known you for years. Everyone says you were beautiful when you were young, but I want to tell you I think youre more beautiful now than then. Rather than your

27、face as a young woman, I prefer your face as it is now. Ravaged.32情人篇首译文n我年事已高。我年事已高。有一天，在一个公共场所的前厅里，有一位男子朝我走来。n当我年华已逝的时候当我年华已逝的时候，一天，在某个公共场所的大厅里，一个男子朝我走来。n我已经老了我已经老了。有一天，在一处公共场所的大厅里，有一个男人向我走来。基础课教学的人文意识与知识面拓展n基础英语课教学n语法课教学n语音课教学n翻译入门课教学语音教学语音的意蕴Annabel Lee Edgar Allan Poe It was many and many a yea

28、r ago,In a kingdom by the sea,That a maiden there lived whom you may knowBy the name of ANNABEL LEE;And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.3535语音教学语音的意蕴nLolita, light of my life, fire of my loins. My sin, my soul. Lo-lee-ta: the tip of the tongue taking a trip

29、 of three steps down the palate to tap, at three, on the teeth. Lo. Lee. Ta. （Lolita）词汇教学：融入文化语境n“Never Say Goodbye” (综合教程第一册第一单元课文)nGrandpa告诉小主人公Never say goodbye , 因为“Goodbye is such a sad word. It seems too final, too cold.” n1 Goodbye是否能翻译成“再见”？“再见”充满期许和希望，而Grandpa说Goodbye意味着悲伤、终结、冷酷。n2 Goodbye

30、is derived from the late 16th century expression “God be with you”. (I wont be with you; May God be with you)origin and historical development of words（etymology，linguistics）.n3 “God be with you”与宗教、九死一生的大航海时代的关系？(西方历史与文化) (刘焱老师上课案例）跨文化比较意识nGrandpa是小主人公Billy的外祖父。Grandpa将其子和外孙都命名为Billy,在中国父子、舅甥同名可以吗？

31、n中西文化对比翻译基础课：为什么说翻译不是简单的文字转换，而是两种文化的碰撞、商洽？小时侯乡愁是一枚小小的邮票我在这头母亲在那头长大后乡愁是一张窄窄的船票我在这头新娘在那头后来呵乡愁是一方矮矮的坟墓我在外头母亲呵在里头When I was a childMy nostalgia was a little stampI was hereMother was thereWhen I grew upMy nostalgia was a small ship ticketI was hereMy bride was thereLater onMy nostalgia was a low graveI

32、was outsideMother was inside跨文化问题：错译、误译的背后译文对比中引发的问题He made you a highway to my bed,But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed. (Romeo & Juliet)译文1：他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁，可是我却要做一个独守空闺的怨女而死去。（朱生豪译）译文2：他本要借你做捷径，登上我的床；/可怜我这处女，到死是处女。（方平译）人文知识类课程的思想启发英美社会与文化教学重点不是在英美社会文化的基本事实和数据（是什么），而在于启发学生思考为什么会如此发展。从具体的文化现象事例入手n英美社会

33、、文化形态n文化特质n文化特质形成的原因n中英、中美文化比较比较文学n教学内容和目的： 通过本课程的教学，扩大人文视野，提升文学修养，培养跨文化比较意识；培养发散性思维；通过大量比较文学研究事例，在跨文化的文学视野中，揭示中外文学的异同和特点，进而探寻其深层的文化原因。n文学是文化的集中体现n从世界文学视野中看中西文化的差异n分析差异形成的原因n哲学基础、民族性从中西爱情诗的抒情方式看中西文化之差异西方诗长于“慕”，中国长于“怨”；西方诗直率，中国诗委婉；西方诗深刻，中国诗微妙。西方诗以铺陈胜，中国诗以简隽胜。 （朱光潜：中西诗在情趣上的比较，载诗论）n萨福：相思nW.B.叶芝：当你老了n罗伯特彭斯：一朵红红的玫瑰n拜伦：想当初我们俩分别 A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns (1759 1796) O my luves like a red, red rose.Thats newly sprung in June;O my luves like a melodieThats sweetly playd in tune.啊，我爱人象一朵红红的瑰， 它在六月里初开； 啊，我爱人象一支乐曲