人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-5复习提纲-(1)

1、unitl Whaf s the matter?询问某人的健康问题以及遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：提建议：should do / shouldn'应赅/不应该干某事Whaf s the matter (with sb)? / What ' s wrong (with sb)? / What happened (to sb)? Whaf s the trouble (with sb)? / What ' s the problem (with sb)? / Are you OK?/ Is there anything wrong with sb?表达身体疼痛

2、或不舒服：sb have / has a fever ( cold, cough, the flu)sb have / has a.-ache( headache, toothache, stomachache, backache, an earache)sb have/ has a sore throat (back, arm , foot ,eyes)There is something wrong with o ne' s身体部位I don ' t feel we就里的 well是形容词，健康的)Let ' 剥词原形./ What (How) about doin

3、g sth ? / Why not (Why don' t you ) do?You' d better do / You ' d bette海好正谋事/最好不要干某事too much + 不可数名词 :too much homework 动词+too much talk too much too many+可数名词复数：too many students much too + adj/ adv : much too tiredhot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶 (这里的with是后置定语，修饰 tea)get an X-ray 照 X 光 see a d

4、entist看牙医 =go to a dentist take one ' stemperat量钵温 put some medicine on it 上药 take breaks= take a break = have a rest 休息一下lie down 躺下 go to a doctor看医生 in the same way以同样的方式 hurt oneself伤着自己away from ： 远离Stay away from fire.远离火A 地离 B 地的具体距离 具体的距离 +away from : My home is 500 meters away from my s

5、chool.see sb doing sth看见某人正在干某事see sb do sth看见某人干某事的全过程shout for help大声呼救shout at sb对某人大喊大叫shout to sb对某人大声说话lie动词，躺、位于， 过去式lay,过去分词lain,现在分词lying动词，说谎， 过去式lied,过去分词lied,现在分词lying名词，谎言 tell a lie = tell lies说谎lay动词，下蛋，产卵，放置 ，过去式laid,过去分词laid,现在分词layingwithout thinking twice毫不犹豫，不假思索get on上车get off下车

6、（大型交通工具）get into / get out of （电梯、出租车等小型交通工具）to one ' s surprjS彘人吃惊的是expect sb to do sth期待某人干某事expect sb not to do sth期待某人不要干某事agree to do sth同意干某事in time 及时 on time 按时，准时right away=right now = at once 立即马上thanks to 多亏了, 幸亏 =because of = with the help of get into trouble陷入困境，惹麻烦fall down倒塌，跌倒 th

7、ink of 想起，认为 think about 考虑 think about doing sth 考虑干某事think over仔细考虑 hit sb in / on +身体部位（软的部位用in,硬的部位用on）run it under water 用水冲洗put a bandage on it 用绷带包扎Knives are used to cut things.sick& illsick形容词，可作定语，修饰名词，如： a sick girl;也可作表语，如： She is sick.ill形容词，一般只作表语，不做定语She is ill. （ill作定语修饰名词，指坏的=ba

8、d）have trouble （in） doing sth = have problems/difficulty （in） doing sth 干某事有麻烦 / 问题/ 困难 have trouble with sth= have problems with sth = have difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难be / get used to doing sth 习惯于干某事I am used to getting up early.我习惯了早起used to do sth过去常常干某事（暗示现在不干了）I used to get up early.（暗示现在不早起）b

9、e used to do sth被用来干某事（ 是由use sth to do sth变为被动语态而来）look up 查阅 ，查字典 write down 写下，记下 take a risk = take risks 冒险risk 用作动词：risk + n / 代/ doing sthI am willing to risk losing everything.because of 哙词或名词性短语 because of accidents lose one ' s 1生命in a dangerous situation在危险的情况下by oneself 独自，亲自called =

10、 named被叫做，名为 的 tell of 讲述=talk aboutthe importance of water 水的重要性 make decisions 作决定be in control of 掌管，管理 be out of control 失去控制 die动词，died过去式death名词，死亡dead形容词，死亡的,keep on doing sth坚持干某事free形容词，自由的，空闲的，免费的：Are you free? / The flower is for free.花是免费的动词，解放，使自由 I want to free these birds in cages.run

11、 out 用完，耗尽，物作主语 ，即 sth run out: My money ran out soon.run out of 用完，耗尽， =use up 人作主语，即 sb run out of sth: I ran out of my money soon.use sth to do sth使用某物来干某事cut off切断climb down爬下be ready to do sth = get ready to do sth 准备好干某事be ready for sth = get ready for sth 为做好准备with his left arm 用他的左胳膊， with用（

12、用工具）We eat with chopsticks.我们用筷子吃饭。 in 用（用语言，声音，材料等）Speak in English,please.Do you know the girl called / named Nancy?the importance of +n/代/doing sth的重要性the importance of reading books 读书的重要性make decisions to do sth 作决定干某事 =decide to do sthYou should be in control of your own life. the same as 和 一样

13、dying现在分词，可作形容词，垂死的 give up动副短语，代词放中间，用宾格： give it / them up give up doing sth放弃干某事=stop doing sth unit 2 I 'll help to clean up the city parks.动词短语：1. 动词+介词：look at, listen to, look after( to, at, in , after, for, of, from, across,with,through)2. 动词 +副词：pick up, take out, give away( on, off, up

14、 , down, out, away,)代词作宾语， 放中间，用宾格。3. 动词 +名词 +介词：take care of , take part in4. 系动词+形容词+介词：be angry with , be different from5. 动词 +副词 +介词：look forward to, catch up withput : put on穿上，上演 ；put off推迟，延期 ；put up举起，张贴，搭建； put down放下put out扑灭，熄灭；put away收起来，收好come: come from 来自； come on 快点，加油； come in 进来；

15、come up with 想出，想起come out出来，出版，放映；come over过来，顺便来访look: look at 看着 look after 照看，照顾； look out 当心；look like 看起来像；look up 查阅 look forward to 期待,盼望turn: turn on 打开；turn off 关掉；turn up 声音调大点； turn down 声音调小点；cut: cut up 切碎；cut down 砍伐 ； cut off 切断； cut into 切成take: take after 相像；take off 脱下，起飞； take pa

16、rt in 参加；take care of 照顾，照料take out拿出，取出clean up打扫干净；cheer up振作起来，使高兴起来；set up建立；help out帮助解决难题；work out解答出来，计算出,效果好；give out = hand out分发，散发；try out试验，参加一的选拔；dress up打扮，乔装打扮；give away赠送； grow up长大； make up 编造； give up放弃 call up=ring up 打电话 pick up 捡起， 开车接某人， put off doing sth 推迟干某事come up with = th

17、ink up 想出 put up signs 张贝占标语clean-up 名词 清洁 catch up with 追上，赶上notice:名词，通知，通告动词，注意到notice sb do sth注意到某人干某事的全过程notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在干某事each &every:同：each ,every后面加名词异：1. each强调个体，every强调整体；2. each是两个或两个以上中的每一个，every是三个或三个以上的每一个；3.each可以和of连用，every不可以，each of+名词作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。used to do sth过去

18、常常干某事（暗示现在不干了）I used to play basketball after school.I didn ' t use to play basketball after school. 或 I usedn ' t to play basketball after schoDid you use to play basketball after school. 或 Used you to play basketball after school.Yes, I did. / No, I didn ' t, 或 Yes, I used./ No, I used

19、n ' t.What did you use to do?或 What used you to do?used to be过去是（现在不是了）I used to be a student.（现在不是学生了）care for 照顾， 照料，用于肯定句 =look after= take care of非常喜欢，用于否定句 I don ' t care for green tea.some day有朝一日，用于将来时； one day有一天，用于过去时态或将来时态the other day前几天，用于过去时态lonely& alone : lonely形容词，孤独的，寂寞的

20、，荒凉的，有强烈的感情色彩，可作表语，如：I feel lonely.可作定语，a lonely island 一座孤岛alone副词，修饰动词，如：live alone独自生活；也可以用作形容词，但只能作表语，无感情色彩，强调独自，一个人，如： I was alone at home.volunteer to do sth自愿干某事volunteer作名词，志愿者so &such : so强调形容词或副词，such强调名词1. such + a/an+ adj + 可数名词单数 ：such a clever boy2. such +adj + 不可数名词或可数名词复数：such ba

21、d weather / such beautiful flowers1. .so + adj/ adv : so cute / hard2. so+ adj+ a/ an+可数名词单数：so clever a boy = such a clever boy3. so+many/ much/ few/ little 当名词前有 many, much, few, little 修饰时，只能用 soa feeling of satisfaction 种满足感 satisfaction 名词， 满足， 满意；satisfy 动词 satisfy sb 使某人满意 My answer didn '

22、; t satisfy her.satisfied 形容词, 满意的 be satisfied with 对一 满意 I am satisfied with your gift.the owner of 的主人 Who is the owner of this car?at the age of =when sb was -。胆arsI could write at the age of five. = I could write when I was five years old.try out for 参力口 的选拔 Fifty boys came to try out for the b

23、asketball team.try out试验 They are trying out a new teaching method.他们正在试验新的教学方法。go on a journey = go on a trip 去旅行 （journey 指长途旅行，trip 指短途旅行travel指长时间，远距离的旅行，尤指出国旅行）at the same time 同时 be busy with sth= be busy doing sth 忙于干某事打电话的表达： call sb= ring sb= call sb up = ring sb up = give sb a call= phone

24、sbin one ' s free 人的空闲时间 raise money 筹集资金 raise money for为一筹集资金raise 举起 =put up : raise your right hand = put up your right hand提高 Don' t raise your voice at me.养育 He raised a large family.to do不定式的用法：1. 宾语： want / hope/ decide / wish / like / plan / try / expect to dosth2. 宾语补足语： want / wis

25、h / expect / help / ask sb to do sth3. 主语： It takes sb some time to do sth / It ' s +adj+for sb to do sth / To see is to believe.4. 表语：一般在系动词的后面： To see is to believe.5. 状语：目的状语：I get up early to catch the early bus.原因状语：I' m glad to see you.结果状语： He is old enough to go to school.6. 后置定语：The

26、 best way to relax is through exercise.fix up 修理，装饰 give away 赠送 give in屈服 set up建立break过去式是broke 过去分词 broken , broken也可作形容词，损坏的，残缺的write to sb= write a letter to sb 写信给某人hear from sb = get/receive a letter from sb 收至U某人的来信thank you for doing sth = thanks for doing sth 谢谢你干某事make / find / think it +

27、adj for sb to do sth 在这个结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to do sth 使干某事对于某人来说是的/发现干某事对于某人来说是的/认为干某事对于某人来说是的I find it difficult for me to learn English well.make a (big/great) difference to sb/sth对某人或某物产生了(巨大的)影响The accident made a big difference to his life.make no difference to sb/ sth 对某人或某物没有影响It made no diffe

28、rence to me.imagine +n/ 代/ doing sth I can ' t imagine living without lean water.imagine+宾语从句 Imagine that you are in space.difficulty ：具体的概念，困难，难题，难事，可数名词，复数difficulties抽象的困难，不可数：have difficulty (in) doing stha friend of mine = one of my friends a friend of hers= one of her friendsa friend of m

29、y father rfe 6f=my friendsanswer the telephone 接电话 be excited about 对一 感至U激动、兴奋carry搬，运，提，无方向性bring带来 take带走 get /fetch M (往返过程)形容词+ness= 名词kind + ness= kindness, sad+ ness= sadness, ill + ness=illness , fair+ ness= fairness happy+ness= happinesstrain:名词，火车动词，培训，训练 train sb/sth to do sth训练某人或某物干某事tr

30、ain sb / sth in在方面训练某人training名词培训，训练 send sb sth = send sth to sb 把一 寄给 /送给某人change one ' s li瑕变某人的生活change作为动词，改变；作名词，意为零钱：Here is your change.这是你的找钱be interested in = take an interest in 对 一 感兴趣 （interest 作为名词，可数，复数 interests）work out fine 效果显著擅长 do well in = be good at = be strong in unit 3

31、Could you please clean your room?提出礼貌请求的句型：Could you （please） do sth ?肯定回答：Yes, sure./Certainly/Ofcourse/No problem/All right/OK 等。否定回答：No, I can ' t./ Sorry, I can ' t./1 ' m 舞aid I can ' t否定结构是：Could you please not do sth?请求对方许可的句型：Could I/we do sth?（不用Please）肯定答：Yes, you can.否定答：N

32、o,you can ' t.do the dishes洗碗 sweep the floor 扫地 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 make the bed 整理床铺 fold the clothes 叠衣服 clean the living room 打扫客厅get a ride 搭便车give sb a ride让某人搭便车stay out late深夜不归go out for dinner夕卜出吃饭takeout 拿出，取出 Take out your English books.work on 从事 He is working on a new book.他正在

33、从事本新书的写作。finish doing sth 完成干某事any minute now= any moment now= any time now 随时， 马上two hours of TV is enough时间，距离，金钱，度量作主语，常看作一个整体，谓语动词用三单 形式如： Twenty years is a long time.mess名词，杂乱，不整洁 不整洁的,常构成短语： in a messmessy形容词，杂乱的,be angry with sb 生某人的气 solve the problem 解决问题be angry at / about sth因某事而生气 answer

34、 the question 回答问题come home from school 放学回家come home from work 下班回家throw 扔，掷，动词，过去式是threw throw down扔下throw at 向一扔 （有恶意）throw sth to sb = throw sb sth 扔给某人某物throw away 扔掉 throw about 至U处舌L扔Don' t throw about rubbish.the minute = the moment= as soon as就.，引导时间状语从句，注意主将从现"I will meet her the

35、minute she gets off the plane.Please call me as soon as you arrive there.as - as possible = as as 湿函能： 如：as early as possible尽可能早 as soon as possible 尽可能快come over 过来, 顺便来访 My friend will come over to my house tomorrow.take the dog for a walk = walk the dog 遛狗 all the time一直，频繁，反复anger名词，愤怒 angry形容词

36、，愤怒的 angrily 副词，愤怒地 walkaway走开as + 形容词或副词原级 +as 和.一样 not as as / not so不女出s不及English is as important as math. 英语和数学样重要English is not as important as math. 英语不如数学重要neither两者都不，是both反义词，作为代词，常和介词 of连用，neither of后面的名词常为复 数，但谓语动词用三单形式（在一些非正式的情况下，也会用复数）Neither of the parents knows English.neither A nor B

37、既不-也不一连接两个名词做主语，就近原则：Neither he nor I am right.适用就近原则的有：Neither A nor B; either A or B; Not only A but also BBoth A and B连接两个名词作主语，谓语用复数。neither be动词/助动词/情态动词+主：A不一，B也不（前面一种否定情况同样适用于后者）Jane doesn ' t like English, neither do 的 neither 可以换成 nor）Jane can ' t swim, neither can 1.（ Nor can I）so

38、+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主：A，B也-（前面一种肯定情况同样适用于后者）Jane likes English, so do I .Jane can swim , so can I.so+主+ be动词/助动词/情态动词：A，A的确如此（前后两个句子讨论同一个人）Jane likes English, so she does.Jane can swim, so she can.in surprise吃惊地，好奇地，惊讶地 hang out闲逛 pass sth to sb = pass sb st情巴 递给某人 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把一 借给某物借：

39、borrow 借进, 借入 borrow from 从借lend (过去式 lent) 借出 lend sth to sb = lend sb sth表示借东西借了多久，用 keep: How long can I keep the book? You can keep it for 2 weeks, when &while:when引导时间状语从句，从句的动词通常都是非延续性动词，有时也会用延续性动词，从句的时态通常是一般过去时，一般现在时while引导时间状语从句，从句的动词通常都是延续性动词，从句的时态通常都是进行时或现在时此外，while还有 而”的含义，表示前后的对比：He

40、likes English while I like math.invite sb to sp邀请某人去某地invite sb to do sth邀请某人去干某事look through浏览make sb do sth使某人干某事(这里的do是不带to的不定式)，类似的有：let sb do/have sb dostress不可数名词，压力be stressed out压力太大waste:名词 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱动词 Don' t waste paper.形容词，废弃的 Don' t pour waste wat

41、er into the river.四个花”spend 人作主语， 常用结构： spend time/ money on sth She spent a lot of money on clothes.spend time/ money (in) doing sth I spent 2 hours doing my homework last night.2. cost 物作主语The book cost me 20yuan.3. pay 付钱，常和 for 连用 She paid 200yuan for this meal.4. take,常用于 it takes (took) sb som

42、e time to do sthIt took me 2 hours to finish my homework last night.get into a college = get into a university 上大学 there is no need for sb to do sth 某人没有必要干某事It ' s one' s job to cdO Sth是某人的工作 It ' s teachers ' job to teach students.It ' s one ' s duty to do sh是某人的职责 It '

43、 s our duty to care for the old people. drop-dropped-dropped-dropping 落下，掉下，下降 the grades dropped成绩下降 the+比 ，the + 比 . The earlier you give up smoking, the better it is for you vide sth for sb = provide sb with sthunit 4 Why don t you talk tyoour parents?They provided a house for him. = Th

44、ey provided him with a house.提建议的句型：Why don t youdo sth = Why not do sth? Let sb do sth / Let sb not do stht pay well anyway.You could (not) do sthYou should (not) do sthWhat / How about doing sthYou d bette(r not) do sth.Shall we do sth?Would you like (not) to do sth?提出请求的句型：Could you (please) do s

45、th ? Could you (please) not do sth?Would you (please) do sth? Would you (please ) not do sth?anyway 反正 Sam didn t get the job, but he s not unhappy because it didn无论如何，不管怎样It s just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor.in order to +do 为了干某事In order to catch the early bus, he got up at

46、 5:00.in order not to do 为了不要干某事In order not be late again, he got up early .Would you mind doing sth? Would youo mind not doing sth ？in order that+句子=so that 弓I导目 的状语从句He got up early in order that he can catch the bus.Will you ?depend on 依靠，信赖You can t always depend oynour parents.取决于 Whether we w

47、ill go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否去 野营取决于天气。develop 动词，发展，壮大，培养The small village developed into a famous city.develop children ' s independenc薇子们的独立性developed 形容词，发达的developed country 发达国家developing 形容词，发展中的developing country 发展中国家development 名词 ，发展The development in our home

48、town is surprising.allow: 1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人去干某事My father allowed me to watch TV .2. sb be allowed to do sth 某人被允许干某事I was allowed to watch TV by my father.3. allow doing sth 允许干某事We don t allow smoking here.get into a fight with sb = have a fight with sb ( fight 是名词 ) 和某人争吵，打架fight with sb=

49、fight against sb(fight 是动词，过去式 fought)和某人争吵，打架fight for sth为了而争吵，打架fair 形容词，公平的，合理的fairness 名词，公正性，合理性unfair 形容词，不公平的independence名词 独立性independent形容词，独立的since因为，既然 Since everyone is here, let ' s start now大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧。自从 一以来 I have lived here since I was born.自从我出身以来，我一直住在这里。pick up 捡起，开车接某人pla

50、y a part (role) in (doing) sth 参与到做某事take an active part in积极参加have no idea=don ' t know道take care of = look after = care for 照顾， 照料take good care of = look after好we顾 as a result结果，因止匕 fell ill 生病go to sleep 去睡觉fall asleep 睡着have time to do sth 有时间干某事be good with sb 善于和某人相处be good at doing sth 擅

51、长干某事be good for 对一 有好处 be good to = be friendly toon the phone在电tB中 on TV 在电视上on computer在电月位上 on the Internet在网上find sb doing sth 发现某人正在干某事I found him playing computer games when I got home.find sb do sth 发现某人干某事的全过程I found a man go into your room.look through 快速查看，浏览say sorry to sb 向某人道歉say goodby

52、e to sb 向某人道别say thanks to sb向某人道谢say hi/ hello to sb向某人问好work out解决give back =return 归还 Please give my money back to me. = Please return my money to me.ll be very happy. competition （名词，竞争，竞赛）The problem is that I can t get on with my fam（thilya.t 引导的是表语从句，和宾语从句一样，需要用陈述句的语序）This is what I want. / M

53、y problem is whether he will come.get on （well,badly） with sb 和某人相处的好/坏 = get along （well,badly） with sbI get on well with my classmates.get on （well, badly） with sth 某事进展的好/坏 = get along （well, badly） with sthI get on well with my work. 我的工作进展的很顺利communicate with sb 和某人交流、沟通（名词是communication ）argue

54、 with sb 和某人争吵（名词 argument ） = have an argument with sb argue about sthhang over 悬挂，笼罩refuse to do sth 拒绝干某事relation 关系 The relation between them is the father and the son.if 可以引导条件状语从句，意为如果，遵循主将从现；也可以引导宾语从句，意为是否，不需 要遵循主将从现。I don t know if he will come to my party tomorrow. But if he comes, Ielder 年

55、长的 elder brother older 更老的，更旧的be nice to sb = be friendly to sbinstead 相反，反而，却He didn t go to school, instead he went to the park.instead 代替，后接宾语，必须加介词of, instead of + 名词/代词/ doingThere is no coffee, let s drink some tea instead （of coffee）.offer sb sth= offer sth to sb = provide sb with sth= provid

56、e sth for sb 为某人提供某物explain to sb 向某人解释mind doing sth 介意干某事firstly, secondly,thirdly,lastlycopy one ' s homewctk作业return 归还 return = give back return sth to sb= return sb sth回到某地return= go back/ come back I must return to hotel by 8:00.not - any more= no more不再 （次数，程度不再增力口 ） He doesn ' t smo

57、ke any more.=He no more smokes.not - any longer= no longer不再（时间不再延长）He doesn ' t live here any loner尸 He no longerlives here.leave sth+地点 把某物落在了某地I left my homework at home. forget后不接地点pressure压力 , 不可数名词 =stress under pressure在压力之下 give sb pressure给某人施压 compete with sb 和某人竞争 =compete against compete for sth 为 而竞争for the first time 第一次cut out 减掉，删除，删掉have a quick dinner 快速地吃晚餐姓氏后 +s 指夫妇二人或一家人，作主语，谓语用复数形式The Smiths are watching TV.be successful in doing sth = have success in doing sth= succeed in doing sth 成功地干某事i