高三英语定语从句考点透视

1、高考英语专题指导课件：高考英语专题指导课件：定语从句考点透视定语从句考点透视考点：考点：1.关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?2.有哪些情况关系代词不用有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用，而用which，who，whom?3.在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?4.名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom知多少?5.如何恰当使用when ,where , why与which, that引导的定语从句?6.如何用好whose 引导的定语从句?7.as 和 which 的区别知多少？8.定语从句定语从句运用中的注意点运用中的注意点The man

2、who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词：先行，被修饰的名词：先行，被修饰的名词定语从句定语从句：名词后面：名词后面, 修饰名词的从句修饰名词的从句 next to uswho lives关系代词关系代词: 引导从句引导从句, 在从句中代替在从句中代替先行词先行词一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性

3、定语从句。语从句和非限制性定语从句。基本概念基本概念关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词thatwhichwhomwhoseaswhenwhywhowhere 正确使用关系正确使用关系 词词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语指指代代人或物人或物功功能能指指代代时间时间地点地点原因原因功功能能选择依据：选择依据： 1）弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、）弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、 宾语、定语还是状语宾语、定语还是状语2）辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、）辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、 地点、原因地点、原因3）判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的）判断从句是

4、限制性的还是非限制性的(只有只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句不能引导非限制性从句)关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?考点一 在以下几种场合只能用在以下几种场合只能用thatA.先行词先行词(指物指物)本身是不定代词本身是不定代词all,everything,anything,nothing(something除除外），外），little,much或先行词被不定或先行词被不定 代词修饰代词修饰All that can be done has been done.B.先行词兼有指人和指物的名词先行词兼有指人和指物的名词C.先行词先行词(指物指物)被

5、被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修饰等修饰D.先行词先行词(指物指物)被形容词最高级和序数词以及被形容词最高级和序数词以及first,last,only,very等词修饰等词修饰This is the best TV that is made in China.E. 当主句是当主句是which/who引导的特殊疑问句。引导的特殊疑问句。Who that you have ever seen can do it better ?有哪些情况关系代词不用有哪些情况关系代词不用thatthat，而用，而用whichwhich，whowho，whomw

6、hom? ?考点二考点二1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用指人用who或或whom.He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan .Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met

7、for a long time.whichwhichwhowhomFill in the blanks1.Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen.2.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang ,with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.2、在介词后面，指事物用、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用，指人用whom.在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?考点三考点三1

8、. The girl _ whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.2. He is the man _ whom I think you can depend .3. He referred to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.方法方法1.1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配foronwithFill in the blanks方法方法2.2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭看从句中的动

9、词或动词词组与先行词的搭配配1.He made a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was going on outside the house.2.The librarian _whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.through with方法方法3 3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配行词搭配1.The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.2.This is our

10、 classroom ,_（在（在前面）前面） which there is a teachers desk.atin the front of名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom知多少?考点四考点四1.The committee consists of 20 members and5 of them are women.2.The book contains 50 poems, and most of them were written in 1930s.3.I have a sentence ,and the meaning of it I dont understand.Th

11、e committee consists of 20 members ,5 of whom are women.The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s.I have a sentence , the meaning of which I dont understand.Rewrite the following sentences名词名词/ /代词代词/ /数词数词+ + of 表示物用表示物用which表示人用表示人用whomConclusion如何恰当使用when ,where , why与which,

12、 that引导的定语从句?考点五考点五The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.This is the town _I spent my childhood.where/in whichwhich/thatIll never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.when/on which which/thatThis is the reason _ I didnt come here.why

13、/ for which The reason _ she gave was not true.which/that1.1. 先行词是表示先行词是表示地点地点, ,时间时间, ,原因原因的名词用来的名词用来引导定语从句引导定语从句. .若定语从句不缺若定语从句不缺主语主语或或宾语宾语，则用则用when ,where,或或 why相当于相应的相当于相应的介词介词+which2.2. 若定语从句缺若定语从句缺主语主语或或宾语宾语，用，用which或或that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。Conclusion如何用好whose 引导的定语从句?考点六考点六whose表示所属关系表示所属关系The riv

14、er _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whoseThere are in this class 20 students, _ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose as 和 which 的区别知多少？考点七考点七asas引导的引导的限制性限制性定语从句定语从句此时先行词前常被此时先行词前常被such,the same, so,as 修饰，修饰，即构

15、成即构成suchas , the same as, soas, asas结构，做题时容易结构，做题时容易 忽略。忽略。提示：提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中 出现出现as, 请先考虑是否考查请先考虑是否考查as 引导的定语引导的定语 从句。从句。as 作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语宾语或表语.1、用于非限制性、用于非限制性定语从句定语从句时，可以指代整个主句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，的内容，as 和和wh

16、ich 可以换用。可以换用。He left her, as/ which was strange.2、位置不同：、位置不同：as 引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句定语从句，指代整，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。Which不能位于句首。不能位于句首。As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.3 、含义不同：、含义不同： as引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句定语从句，有，有“正如正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:：as is well known/ is know

17、n to allas has been said beforeas has been already pointed outas we all can seeas is expected/ hoped/ supposed,.as is often the caseas引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有众所周知众所周知如前所述如前所述正如已经指出的正如已经指出的正如我们所看到的正如我们所看到的正如所盼望的正如所盼望的/ 希望的希望的/料想的料想的情况常常如此情况常常如此4、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容

18、，从句只能置于句尾。置于句尾。The decision was right, which was exactly what he wanted.5、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.6、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语

19、补足语。谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。That things improved, which astonished me.7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容从句为否引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。定式或带否定前缀的形容词。He was married again, which was unexpected.1. .定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：He is the only one of the students who was here just now.He is on

20、e of the students who were here just now.2.2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较：定语从句与并列结构。试比较：He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him.He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.考点八考点八定语从句定语从句运用中的注意点运用中的注意点 3、是用、是用the one还是用还是用that , which, where. （1）Is this school _ you study?（2）Is this the school _ you

21、 study in? （3）Is this the school _ you study?（4）Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/which B. where C. the one D. the one where E. the one that 遇到这类句子，先将其变成陈述句，再看主句是否缺少表语。遇到这类句子，先将其变成陈述句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看的形式，接着再看the one在从句在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one wher

22、e，若作主语，若作主语或宾语时，则用或宾语时，则用the one thatDABE4、是用、是用when还是用还是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together. （2）May 1 is the day _I joined the army.A. that/ which B. when当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.AB5、定语从句与强调结构的区别、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）It was in th

23、is house _ he was born. （2）It was this house _ he was born.（3）It was in the house _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. which D. there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。 BAC6、定语从句与其他从句的区别、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地