linux系统故障恢复救援模式

1、假如说我们在实际工作中，linuxlinux 操作系统不行出现问题，比如错误删除了系统的某些重要的配置文件或是系统文件、参数文件。我们需要去修复他，下面就详细的讲解一下如何去恢复一个被搞坏的 linulinux x系统。1 1：删除/boot/*/boot/*中的所有文件；删除/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit;删除/etc/rc.d/rc.local/etc/rc.d/rc.local;删除/etc/inittab/etc/inittab; ;删除或是更改/etc/fstab/etc/fstab 文件。国rootking:-/Desktop_nK

2、fileEditViewSearchTferniindlHelrootlingDesktop#rm-rf/boot/*rootykingDesktopnr-f/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinitroot?kingDesktopmt-rf/erc/rc-d/rc,localrooTkingDesktoprm-rf/erc/iniTtabroorkingDesktop#nv/etc/fstdbroatkingDesktop#|2,2,重启系统你就会发现系统再也起不来了，因为他找不到相应的分区。3,3,我们就开始修复吧，关机再次启动时要先进入 biosbios 模式下，修改启动首选项。更改为光盘

3、启动。PhoenIKBIOSSetupUtl1ityMainAduancedSecurituEHMExitItewSpecificHelpNetworkbootfromIntelE1OCOKeysusedtouieuorconfiguredevices：expand号orcollapsesdeuicesuithd*ui-expandsallandnouestiedeviceupordownHaymaueremouabledevicebetweenHardDiskorRemouableDiskRemoveadeuicethdtisnotinstalled.4,启动系统后选择救援模式Helcmet

4、oRedHatEnterpriseLinux6,2TInstallorupgradeanexistingsystemInstallsystoriwithbasicuidoodrivorijescuteinstalledsystemBootfronlocaldriuePre翳CTdbLuediIoptions5,5,选择一种语言：选择默认+RemouableDevices+HardDriveSetupDefaultsSaueandExit/白It-Tab：betUEcnelements6,6,选择键盘类型：选择默认KeyboardType|Ulhattypeofkeyboarddoyouhave

5、?loueftesr-cysr-1小tinsu-ltinitrqua-utfukBack7,7,选择启动类型：光盘启动而1匚口matoRedHatEmterpriseLinuxfarx8fc_64Uhatlanguagewan14tjouliketotiscduringtheinstAIItirnprncFSK?CatalanCliinprspCSinpIiTird)CJiinesetTraflItIona1】CroatianCzechDanishDutchEngisHselects；nextSCTEEM1RescueMethod|Whattypeofmediacontainstherescu

6、eimageTLocalCD/DUDHar，d.ViueNFSdirectoryURL8,8,选择是否启动网络功能：我这没什么用，所以就启用了。|S艺tupNetuiDrkiTig-Doyouwanttostar-tthenetuorkinterfacesonthissystem?9,9,开始挂载光盘等功能：选择继续Jteseue|Therescueenvironmentuii11iouattempttoFindyour*Linuxiiftsta1LationAndmountitunderthedirectory，丽七/菖yginifigE.Youcanhenmakeang.changesre

7、quiredtoyoursystem*Iftjouuanttoproceedwiththisstepchoose*Continue1.You.canaIsochoosetomoutniyourilesystemsread-oTilyins-tcadrcad-writcbychoosing1Ecai-Only1.IfyouneedtoactivetteSAMdeviceschoose1Aduanced1.Iffor苫口m#reason七hisprocessfai13youcanchooseSkip1andthisstepui11beskippedandyouwillgodirectlytoaco

8、mmandshell.10,10,这时候系统会告诉你找不到你的磁盘分区，要进入一个脚本：选择okokBeecueModeYaudontJiaveanyLinuxpartitions：*Fressreturntoget很slie11,Tliesystemui11rebootautomtica11LIuhenyouexitfromtheslie11,11,11,进入 shellshell 里面：okok12,12,因为所以程序都必须先要把/分区挂上，所以lash-4,LIfdiskTDiv*zdlev/xdfl：Z14.7GD,21474364086byLES2S5hedsd&3sectaps/t

9、rack,Z&108cy1indersUnit段=cylindersaf16865*51E=8ZZ5ZB0bytesSectorsize(locjicftl/physical)：S1ZbytesJS1Z她tc3JzUsizeIminLIDA1)：SMSytes/512tytesDixkidenlifier：0 x00838a7DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/devsda1PflrtitinnM1does1nnfendon26cyljTder284800bnundjiry.B3Linux/deyzsda2Fflrtition2does2(inotendonZ07

10、cyliTtder 152Ijoundary.OZLinuxauap/SuItir/deuzsdaJtush4.LtZ07Z61B5zeziizzz63Linux13,13,先创建一个文件夹，然后把分区挂载到该文件夹下，就能看到自己的真正的/ /分区了bash44111mkdir/123bash-4.Ittmountdeu/sda3/1Z3hflxh-4.1itcl/1Z3bash-1+LUIsbindevhonnc:ib&4mediamntuprootsc1inuxsqwusrboatetc1iblostoundmiscnetprocsbiTIsrvtrapvarbash-4xlit14,1

11、4,他说找不到分区，那就去看看/etc/fstab/etc/fstab 是否出问题了，结果发现 fstabfstab 的名字不对，然后更改成正确的名称后，退出重启。（由此可见在现实工作中，fstabfstab 是如此的重要，我们应该要提前备份，如果没有备份就只能手写一个 fstabfstab 文件了)15,15,同样的步骤再来一遍，系统会告诉你他已经找到你的系统分区了，已经挂载到了一个地方，让你进去之后运行他给的命令弓_Rescue1YoursystemTiasbeenmourtedunderzmnt?sysiMage.Pesstogetashe11.Ifyouuould1iketomakey

12、oiirsystemtherootenvironmentjruntliecammand!cliroot.-hint/ay9imag已Thesystemwillrebootautorntic1lyuheinyouexitfromtheshe11.1Rescue|Yoursystemismountedundertliezmnt?sysimageAirectory.16,16,运行完命令后你会发现你已经到了自己的分区，进入/boot/boot 去看看是否有东西，发现什么都没有。那我们就把 bootboot 下的东西装出来吧。在安装的时候他会提示你此程序已经安装，这是需要强制安装。sli4r1Mvou

13、nt/dcv/cdrom/unit，imunt;hlncKrtpulcr*?/flpv/xrfl1翥wi*itr-jpr*ntftctf?d*mninitIngrRrpm-forceMamJTig;/mnPackages/kcrTIEI-.6.32-220.( (;1&.xB664xrpm：HcatlcrU3RS科，号HH256Sinature,keyIDtdlJldbl：NLKLYPreparing.t【1H8x1：kertiH1tMAUUAdlltUtlltlltliAAUAailtUllMUtUAailliaUtUtltJlJttthK10AZ1sh-4小17,17,装完后进去看看已经有

14、了相应的东西， 但是还是没有录装出来sh-4.lit/sbin/rub-insta11/deu/sdftProbingdevicestoguessBIOSdrives.Thismeytakealongtime.Instn1lationfinislicd.Noerrorreported.This1ctJiecontentsofthedevicemapzbootzgrubdeuice.najp.Checkifthisiscorrectornot.ITanyoftie1inesisincorrect,fixitdndre-runthescriptgrubInstAll.CfdHJ/dev/idU(h

15、dB)/devzsdo.sh-4.LUIsSystem.map-Z.6.3Z-ZZ0.el6.x8664initrarnfs-2.6.32-220.e16.x8664.imyconfig-2.6.3Z-ZZB.E!&.x86_64syrnverx-Z.6.32-229.e16.xH6_B4.gzgrubgrub 目录，那么我们就把这个目grub5nlinuz-Z.6.3Z-22B.e16.xB6_64sh-L1#编辑 grub.confgrub.conf 使用 r!Is/bootr!Is/boot 命令调用信息titleredhatbroot(hdd9JtinicDut5kernielzunl

16、iniiz-Z.b.eIh.x8b_ti4户口roDt-zdeuzsAaJ1iiJLrd/JnLtrairfs-Z.ft,12-2Z016_xfl6_64_Imy退出后重启18,18,选择光盘启动，这时系统会提示你他无法启动网络功能，这个可能是我们的/etc/rc.d/sysinit,/etc/rc.d/rc.local,/etc/fstab/etc/rc.d/sysinit,/etc/rc.d/rc.local,/etc/fstab 文件是否有问题的。type=14flauditC13B7944576H?6：4)：cnfnrcing=flold-cnfarcing=lon=429436725

17、3cs=li!,JJl,Jfj?Uybdracut：Sult&hlnqpootInIt1railedtospauinrcSnnainprocesE：unabletuexecute；MosuchfilecratreetiiiijEnterin$f11nnintcroctivralnr+upnnktemp；failedtacreatefilevietempLateLztmpsysstatXXXXKX；HeonlufiLcsijeteintniiirh：cftwnnttouch/wr/lncKzsnbitijs/JufliZ-nnuitnr;Bd-onljFile;systemi|i(5tnhin(

18、 (jfimwi11mIrs：HET：istrrrdprntncfi1Ffliiiy1RID：DisabledlbrivacyExlcnsionsipbtables：ICJZ8BB-ZN&NetfliterCoreTeamnf_conntracliVEpslon0.5.0(16384buckets,E弓S36naac)C(INItouchicannottoucli/varlocksubsijs/IpG-tablca1:ReadonLyflicsystenaIptablcs：HppUlngFirewAJlrules：lp_tables：(C)ZMHH-ZHHbHctfiIterCoreleanO

19、K)liiiiuh；：riiniul.tuucb/wrtt*/luLk/ubsyxzJptdhIKS11Eriid-unlyf1It?fiririui) )igupluupbAckinterfACB*(OKItouch：cannottouch-var/locksubsysnctwor)(,tReadonlyfi1csystenrStartingauditd；IALEUIStartingpartresere：COK1SHriiTijleiggcr：Can1Inp4sh-4.Itlriounf.zdeucironiymnt/mount：blockdeulce/deusrB1curlte-protected,n