2024年高考英语模拟卷1全解全析（北京专用）

2024高考仿真模拟卷01

英语

（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：100分）

注意事项:

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡

皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上

将该选项涂黑。

Itwas4:30pm.AsIwaspackingup,Inoticedmycolleaguehadlefthislaptopbagintheoffice.SoI

decidedtobringittohim.Ittookmeabout15minutestogettohishouse,whereI]thebagandgotright

backontheroad.

SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidof

drivingintoafarmer^field,orworse.Ikeptthecar2tostaywarmandcalled911.Theytoldmetosittight

andwaitthingsoutforthenight.

Thosesecondsafterthecallwere3.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon'thelp.

Itextedmycolleague,jokingaboutmygooddeedendingin4.HesuggestedIshareasatelliteviewof

my5onmysocialmedia.AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewtheresidentsofthenearbyfarms

couldgetmerescued.

Waitinginthecar,Idoubtedwhether6wouldbeabletocome.Soonenough,though,Igotamessage

fromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem.

At8pm,Isawatallfigureinayellowraincoatstridingtowardmeinthedark,carryingaflashlight.I'd

neverbeenmore7toseesomeoneinmylife.ItwasAndreBouvier,who'dwalkedabout550yardstocome

getme,fightingthewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.

Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.Idrovebehindhim,feeling

myheartbegintobeatmore8.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotears,allmyfearsturningintorelief

and9.

Theexperiencehasbeenagamechangerforme.Inow10challengeswithasenseofcalmI'dnot

knownbefore.Butbestofall,itbroughtAndreintomylife.

1.A.droppedoffB.filledupC.setasideD,putaway

2.A.lockedB.parkedC.signalingD.running

3.A.painfulB.criticalC.disappointingD.impressive

4.A.failureB.smokeC.disasterD.mystery

5.A.routeB.locationC.directionD.destination

6.A.newsB.helpC.hopeD.faith

7.A.satisfiedB.surprisedC.relievedD.worried

8.A.slowlyB.excitedlyC.nervouslyD.strongly

9.A.recognitionB.admirationC.satisfactionD,appreciation

10.A.identifyB.presentC.approachD.anticipate

【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.C5.B6.B7.C8.A9.D10.C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者的一次经历。作者为同事送电脑包在返回的路上，遭

遇了暴风雪而失去方向，分享被困位置停车等待救援时，一位叫安德烈的人帮助自己摆脱困境，这次经历

让作者改变了应对挑战的态度，也从此与安德烈相识。

1.考查动词短语辨析。句意:我花了大约15分钟到达他的家，在那里我放下包,然后马上回到路上。A.dropped

off放下；B.fillup填满；C.setaside留出；D.putaway收好。根据上文的"SoIdecidedtobringittohim.”和

本句中的“gotrightbackontheroad”可知，作者到同事家放下包就回来了。故选A。

2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让汽车发动着以保持温暖，并拨打了911„A.locked锁上；B.parked停车；

C.signaling发信号；D.running奔跑，运行。根据上文的"SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwas

inawhiteout.“可知，外面很冷，"我”需要让汽车保持运行状态来取暖。故选D。

3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通话后的那几秒钟是痛苦的。A.painful痛苦的；B.critical关键的；C.

disappointing令人沮丧的；D.impressive令人钦佩的。根据下文的"Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon'thelp."

可知，“我”在当时那种情况下感到害怕，安慰自己放松下来，因此等待的过程让人感动痛苦。故选A。

4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给同事发了短信，开玩笑说我的好事以灾难告终。A.failure失败；B.smoke

烟雾；C.disaster灾难；D.mystery神秘。根据上文的"SuddenlyasnowstonncameandwithinminutesIwasina

whiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidofdrivingintoafarmer^field,orworse."可知，"我“把做好事却遭遇暴

风雪这件事调侃成灾难。故选Co

5.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他建议我在社交媒体上分享我的位置的卫星视图。A.route路线；B.location

地点；C.direction方向；D.destination目的地。根据下文的"AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewthe

residentsofthenearbyfarmscouldgetmerescued."可知，"我"在社交媒体上分享自己的位置，希望有人来救

“我故选B。

6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在车里等待时，我怀疑是否有人能够来帮我。作者不确定是否有人能来帮助

自己。A.news新闻；B.help帮助;C.hope希望;D.faith信念。根据下文的"Soonenough,though,Igotamessage

fromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem."可知，我不确定的"帮助”真的来到了。故选Bo

7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的一生中，我从未如此高兴看到有人。A.satisfied满意的；B.surprised

惊讶的；C.relieved宽慰的；D.worried担心的。“我”看到有人来救助自己，因此会感到很宽慰。故选C。

8.考查副词词义辨析。句意:我开车跟在他后面，感觉自己的心脏开始跳得更慢了。A.slowly缓慢地；

B.excitedly兴奋地；C.nervously紧张地；D.strongly强烈地。根据上文的“Heturnedaroundandstartedto

trudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection."可知，“我”在跟随安德烈走出困境，因此在这种情况下心情不再

紧张，心跳得更慢了。故选A。

9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达他的家时，我突然哭了起来，我所有的恐惧都变成了宽慰和感激。

A.recognition认可；B.admiration赞赏；C.satisfaction满足;D.appreciation感激。根据上文的"Heturnedaround

andstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.”可知,安德烈帮助"我"走出困境，因此“我”会感到

感激。故选Do

10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我现在面对挑战时带着一种我以前不知道的平静感。A.identify辨认；B.present

展示;C.approach应对；D.anticipate预料。根据上文的“Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,

sureofthedirection."和“Whenwereachedhishouse”可知,"我“被成功解救，因此“我“坚信在面对挑战和困难

时不会再慌张，会以一种以前没有的平静感去面对它们。故选C。

第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分洪15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Harbin,11(know)foritsiceandsnowfestivals,becameverypopularlastwinter.Anincreasing

numberoftouristsrushedtothe“IceCityofChina^^toexperiencethebestoficeandsnowculture.Besidesthe

frostydelights,thecitystillhasmuchmore12(offer)allyeararound,includingitstraditional

European-stylearchitecture,uniquecuisineandculturalevents.Thecity'sindividualattractionsmake13

amust-seespotnomattertheweather.

【答案】11.known12.tooffer13.it

【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了中国冰城——哈尔滨去年冬天变成了旅游胜地，它全年都有美丽的景

色和美食，是值得参观的好地方。

11.考查非谓语动词。句意：哈尔滨以冰雪节而闻名，去年冬天非常受欢迎。分析句子可知，became为谓

语动词，空处用非谓语动词，Harbin与know为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填known。

12.考查非谓语动词。句意：除了寒冷的乐趣，这座城市全年还有更多的东西可以提供，包括传统的欧式

建筑，独特的美食和文化活动。分析句子可知，空处修饰muchmore,用不定式作后置定语。故填tooffer。

13.考查代词。句意：无论天气如何，这座城市独特的景点都是必去的景点。分析句子可知，make“使得”

的宾语表示“哈尔滨”这所城市，用在指代，amust-seespot作宾补。故填it。

B

ChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools14(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout

15it'stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasa16(cheat)tool.Butmanyprincipals

believeifstoolatetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.Agrowingnumberof17(educate)saythepanicabout

AIisalotlikethepaniccausedbytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,“ChatGPTistoEnglishandto

writingwhatthecalculatoristomath.”

【答案】14.havebanned15.how16.cheating17.educators

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一些学校禁止使用ChatGPT,但许多教育工作者认为人工智能

在教育中是很重要的。

14.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据句中的“sinceitsbirth”可知，谓语

动词ban使用现在完成时,主语“someschools”为复数意义，谓语复数形式，故填havebannedo

15.考查宾语从句。句意：他们需要时间来制定规则，规定如何在课堂上正确使用。分析句子结构可知，

空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，表示“如何”，因此使用连接副词how引导宾语从句，故填how。

16.考查动名词。句意：一些老师认为这是一种作弊工具。动名词形式作定语修饰名词tool,用来表示该名

词的用途、目的或场合，cheating修饰tool,意为“用来作弊的工具“，故填cheating。

17.考查名词。句意：越来越多的教育工作者表示，对人工智能的恐慌很像互联网刚出现时引起的恐慌。

此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义为“教育工作者”，即educator,它是可数名词，前有“agrowingnumberof”

修饰，则educator需要变复数形式，故填educatorso

C

Inmyoldschooldays,running18(consider)boringandpainfulforme.WhenIstartedtowork,I

realisedexerciseshouldbepartofmylifestyle.Later,runningbecamemycareer.Overtheyears,I19

(coach)manyrunningteams.Needlesstosay,runninghasitsbenefits.Itisbelieved20runningcan

decreasetheriskofdeath.Soareyoucurrentlynotdoingit?Iencourageyoutostartnow.

【答案】18.wasconsidered19.havecoached20.that

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了跑步成了作者的职业，鼓励人们跑步。

18.考查时态语态。句意:在我上学校的时代，跑步对我来说是无聊和痛苦的。根据“Inmyoldschooldays”

可知，本句为一般过去时，主语running与谓语consider为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填

wasconsideredo

19.考查时态。句意：这些年来，我执教过许多跑步队。根据“Overtheyears”可知，本句为现在完成时。故

填havecoached。

20.考查连接词。句意：人们认为跑步可以降低死亡风险。Itisbelievedthat”人们认为.."that引导主语从

句，it作形式主语。故填that。

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题，每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearchthatwillchangelivesin

thefuture.

BydonatingtotheMedicalResearchFoundation(MRF),you'llbefundingtheresearchthatfuturegenerations

willdependon.MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyonfundingqualitymedicalresearch.Withclose

linkstotheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC),we'reabletochoosethemostimpactfulstudiesandadaptquicklyto

meetanyemerginghealthcrisis,thankstothesupportofpeoplelikeyou.

Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.Manyofthesescientistsareatthebeginningof

theircareers,whenfundingishardesttosecure.Yoursupportatthiscriticaltimecanprovidethespringboardthata

scientistneedstodrivetheirresearchandcareerforward,ensuringtheycancontinuetomakelife-changing

discoveries.

MRFhassupportedresearcherstacklingpressingchallengesliketheBirdFlu,aswellasvitalareasofresearch

thatareoftenoverlookedbyotherfunders,ensuringwefillthegapsinourmedicalknowledgeandprotectthe

futureofhumanhealth.

Assomeoneinterestedinscience,youwillunderstandthatwhilenoonecanpredictwhatwewillfacenext,

wecanbecertainthatitisonlythroughambitious,high-qualitymedicalresearchthatwewillmeetwhatevernew

challengescomeourway.Byleavingadonation,youcanhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureof

humanhealth.

Contact&Support:叵］勺^值］

4>'@MedResFdn

CgMedResFdn同

8MedicalResearchFoundation

21.WhatdoestheMRFmainlydo?

A.ProvideservicefortheMRC.B.Predictemerginghealthcrisis.

C.Fundqualitymedicalresearch.D.Donatetopeopleinterestedinscience.

22.Byleavingadonation,youcan.

A.fillthegapsinmedicalknowledge

B.tacklethefuturepressingchallenges

C.choosethemostimpactfulmedicalstudies

D.supportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toraisemedicalresearchfunds.

B.Tointroducetheimpactbydonation.

C.Toanalysethehealthcrisisinthefuture.

D.Toemploypeopledevotedtomedicalresearch.

【答案】21.C22.D23.A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是为了医学研究基金会（MRF）募集医学研究资金做的广告宣传。

21.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyonfundingqualitymedical

research.（MRF是一个独立的慈善机构，专注于资助高质量的医学研究。）”可知，MRF专注于资助高质量的

医学研究。故选C。

22.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.（你的馈赠可

以支持一些最聪明的科学家。）”可知，你的捐赠可以支持一些最聪明的科学家。故选D。

23.推理判断题。根据第——段“Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearch

thatwillchangelivesinthefuture.（我们需要像你这样的人，了解科学的力量，为改变未来生活的研究提供资

金。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是募集医学研究资金。故选A。

B

“Yourmotherneedsanewheart,“myfathertoldmewhenIcalledonthatDecemberafternoon.An

unrelentingoptimist,hespokeasifshemerelyneededtohaveapartreplaced.But,althoughmytwosistersandI

knewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,thisnewsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningin

disbelief.

Dr.MarcSemigranofthetransplantteamreviewedmymother'smedicalhistory.She'dhadanirregularand

rapidheartbeatformostofherlife.Herpresenttreatment-theuseofaseriesofcardioversions,orelectricjolts,

torestoreanormalheartbeat——wouldnotworkinthelong-term.Shehadanenlargedandweakenedheart,aswell

asafaultyvalve.

“Withmedication,Dr.Semigransaid,4<youhavea60percentchanceoflivingsixmonths.Youcouldhavea

longerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.You'reatthetopendoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungs

andotherorgansmustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplantsurgeryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,

acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.”

Myfamilycametogether,tryingtoprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.We'dalreadygonefromshock,

overourmother5scondition,toworrythatshewouldn'tbeasuitablerecipient.Despiteoftherisk,wechoseto

believethatshewouldmakeiteventually.

WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.Dr.JeremyRuskintoldusone

ofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrongfamilysupport.

OneMondayinMay,atabout8p.m.,mymotherreceivedaphonecallfromthehospitalthataheartwas

available.Asshewasabouttobewheeledoff,myfathertookherfaceinhishandsandlookedintohereyes.His

looksaideverythingabouttheir42-yearrelationship.

Thehearttransplantoperationwassuccessfulandtheconditionscouldnothavebeenbetter.

Theironyofthetransplantprocessisthatonefamily'slossisanother9sgain;thattragedybegetsfortune.Itis

akindoflifeafterdeath,ourheartsbeatingbeyondus.Wedevelopedafeelingofloveforthisnewpart,of

gratitudeforthedoctors,fortheprocess,andforthosepeoplewhomadeadecisionjustforhumanity.

24.Howdidthesistersfeeltothenewsthattheirmotherneededanewheart?

A.Frightened.B.Astonished.C.Worried.D.Annoyed.

25.Whichisthefactortoaffectthepossibilityoftheirmother'shearttransplant?

A.Herabnormalheartbeat.

B.Theageofoversixtyyearsold.

C.Herwillingnesstothetransplant.

D.Theadaptationofthenewheartinthebody.

26.Whatmadethetransplantteamdecidetohavetheoperation?

A.Thatherlungswerehealthy.

B.Thatanewhearthadbeenfound.

C.Thatherfamilywereexpectingtheoperation.

D.Thatherfamilytrustedthedoctors*medicallevel.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Familysupportisofgreatimportance.

B.Fortunefavorsthosewhoareoptimistic.

C.Confidencehelpspatientsovercomedifficulties.

D.Gettingpreparedbeforeacceptingatreatmentmatters.

【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者母亲常年心脏不好，现在需要进行心脏移植，家人虽担心母

亲是否能心脏移植成功，但大家相信她最终会成功，最终心脏移植手术很成功，作者感谢献出心脏的家庭。

24.细节理解题。由第一段中“But,althoughmytwosistersandIknewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,this

newsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningindisbelief.（但是，尽管我和我的两个姐妹都知道我

们的母亲有心脏问题，但这个消息还是让我们停住不动了一段时间，难以置信地睁大了眼睛）”可知，听到母

亲需要一颗新的心脏的消息，作者和姐妹感到惊讶。故选B项。

25.细节理解题。由第三段中“Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.You'reatthetop

endoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungsandotherorgansmustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplant

surgeryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.（你可以通过移植活

得更长，但也有风险。你处于60岁年龄组的顶端。肺部和其他器官必须健康强壮。虽然移植手术实际上是

一个简单的过程，但被身体接受是一件困难的事情）”可知，心脏移植有风险，因为移植后新的心脏被身体接

受是一件困难的事情，说明新的心脏在身体中的适应是影响母亲心脏移植可能性的因素。故选D项。

26.细节理解题。由第五段“WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.Dr.

JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrongfamilysupport.（12月

晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。JeremyRuskin博士告诉我们，她被录取的原因之一是她有

如此强大的家庭支持）”可知，全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植（即家人正期待着心脏移植手术）是让移植团队

决定给母亲进行手术的原因。故选C项。

27.推理判断题。由第三段中“Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.（你可以通过移

植活得更长，但也有风险）"，第四段"Myfamilycametogether,tryingtoprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.

We'dalreadygonefromshock,overourmother'scondition,toworrythatshewouldn'tbeasuitablerecipient.

Despiteoftherisk,wechosetobelievethatshewouldmakeiteventually.（我的家人聚在一起，努力提供力量，

想办法做什么。我们已经对母亲的病情感到震惊，担心她不会是一个合适的接受者。尽管有风险，我们还

是选择相信她最终会成功）"，第五段"WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintothe

programme.Dr.JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrong

familysupport.（12月晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。JeremyRuskin博士告诉我们，她被录

取的原因之一是她有如此强大的家庭支持）”和倒数第二段“Thehearttransplantoperationwassuccessfuland

theconditionscouldnothavebeenbetter.（心脏移植手术很成功，而且情况再好不过了）“可知，尽管母亲进行

心脏移植有风险，但全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植，也正是因为家人的支持母亲才被心脏移植项目录取，

最终手术成功，可得出家庭支持非常重要。故选A项。

C

Agoodmealhasapositiveimpactonone'smood.ThosewhofeastonChristmasbuffetalmostenjoyan

immediateriseintheirbloodsugar.Thatwillpromptafloodofchemicalsthatactashappyhormonestorush

throughtheirbrains.

Butthepleasuregoesdeeper.Tyrosineandtryptophanareneededfortheproduction,respectively,of

dopamine,aneurotransmitter（神经传递素）thatcontrolsfeelingsofpleasureandreward,andserotonin,another

such,whichhelpsregulatemood.AndcranberriesarehighinvitaminC,whichisinvolvedinconvertingdopamine

tonoradrenaline,anotherneurotransmitter,andalackofwhichseemstobeassociatedwithdepression.

Withmental-healthdisordersrising,agrowingnumberofscientistsareinvestigatinghowfoodornutritional

supplementsaffectthemind.Butseparatingthebrain5snutritionalneedsfromthoseoftherestofthebodyis

difficult.Notpossiblefornow,atleast.And,comparedwithotherfields,nutritionalscienceisunderstudied.Thatis

partlybecauseitishardtodowell.Randomisedcontrolledtrials(rets),usedtotestdrugs,aretricky.Fewpeople

wanttosticktoanexperimentaldietforyears.Instead,mostnutritionalscienceisbasedonobservationalstudies

thattrytoestablishassociationsbetweenparticularfoodsornutrientsanddiseases.Theycannotbeusedto

definitivelyproveacausal(因果关系的)connectionbetweenadiseaseandaparticularcontributingfactor

inadiet.Butaswithsmokingandlungcancer,puttogetherenoughofthesekindsoftrialsandcausalnarratives

begintoemerge.

Itisnowclearthatsomedietsareparticularlygoodforthebrain.Onerecentstudyconcludesthatstickingto

the("Mediterraneandiet",highinvegetables,fruit,pulsesandwholegrains,lowinredandprocessedmeatsand

saturatedfats,decreasesthechancesofexperiencingstrokes,cognitiveimpairmentanddepression.Otherrecent

worklookingata“green“Mediterraneandiethighinpolyphenolsfounditreducedage-relatedbrainatrophy.

Anotherversion,theminddiet,emphasises,amongotherthings,eatingberriesoverotherkindsoffruitandseems

tolessentheriskofdementia.

Scientiststhinksuchdietsmayworkbyreducinginflammationinthebrain.This,inturn,mayaffectareas

suchasthehippocampus,whichisassociatedwithlearning,memoryandmoodregulation-andwherenew

neuronsgrowinadults.Studiesinanimalsshowthatwhentheyarefedadietrichinomega-3fattyacids(from

walnuts,forexample),flavonoids(consumedmainlyviateaandwine),antioxidants(foundinberries)and

resveratrol(foundinredgrapes),neurongrowthisstimulatedandinflammatoryprocessesarereduced.Thisfits

withresearchsuggestingthatthosewhoregularlyeatultra-processed,friedandsugaryfoods,whichincrease

inflammationinthebrain,heightentheirriskofdevelopingdepression.

28.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplace“tricky“inParagraph3?

A.Rare.

B.Tough.

C.Traditional.

D.Contradictory.

29.Howdoresearchersdoobservationalstudiesinnutritionalscience?

A.Bykeepingatanexperimentaldietforyears.

B.Bycarryingoutrandomizedcontrolledtrials.

C.Byidentifyingaparticularcontributingfactor.

D.Bycomparingfindingsofcertainkindsoftrials.

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Adietrichinfruitisgoodforcognitiveabilities.

B.Peoplefondofsugaryfoodsmaybearisklover.

C.Redgrapesaddfueltoinflammationinthebrain.

D.Drinkingteacansolveage-relatedbrainproblems.

31.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?

A.Thelinksbetweendietsanddiseases.

B.ThesignificanceofMediterraneandiet.

C.Thefunctionofvariousneurotransmitters.

D.Theinfluenceofnutrientsonmentalhealth.

【答案】28.B29.D30.A31.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是食物中的营养素对心理健康的影响。

28.词句猜测题。根据第三段“Fewpeoplewanttosticktoanexperimentaldietforyears.Instead,mostnutritional

scienceisbasedonobservationalstudiesthattrytoestablishassociationsbetweenparticularfoodsornutrientsand

diseases.Theycannotbeusedtodefinitivelyproveacausal（因果关系的）connectionbetweenadiseaseanda

particularcontributingfactorinadiet.（很少有人愿意多年坚持实验性饮食。相反，大多数营养科学是建立在观

察性研究的基础上的，这些研究试图建立特定食物或营养素与疾病之间的联系。它们不能被用来明确地证

明某种疾病与饮食中某一特定因素之间的因果关系。）''可知，用于测试药物的随机对照试验是很难进行的，

划线词tricky的意思是“困难的”，和tough意思相近，故选B。

29.推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead,mostnutritionalscienceisbasedonobservationalstudiesthattryto

establishassociationsbetweenparticularfoodsornutrientsanddiseases.（相反，大多数营养科学是建立在观察性

研究的基础上的，这些研究试图建立特定食物或营养素与疾病之间的联系。）”和“Butaswithsmokingandlung

cancer,puttogetherenoughofthesekindsoftrialsandcausalnarratives,itbegintoemerge.（但就像吸烟和肺癌——

样，把足够多的这类试验和因果叙述放在一起，它就会开始出现。）”可知，研究人员通过比较不同试验的结

果在营养科学中进行观察性研究。故选D。

30.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Onerecentstudyconcludesthatstickingtothe"Mediterraneandiet",highin

vegetables,fruit,pulsesandwholegrains,lowinredandprocessedmeatsandsaturatedfats,decreasesthechances

ofexperiencingstrokes,cognitiveimpairmentanddepression^最近的一项研究得出结论，坚持“地中海饮食”，

多吃蔬菜、水果、豆类和全谷物，少吃红肉、加工肉类和饱和脂肪，可以降低患中风、认知障碍和抑郁症

的几率。）”可知，富含水果的饮食对认知能力有好处。故选A。

31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Withmental-healthdisordersrising,agrowingnumberofscientistsare

investigatinghowfoodornutritionalsupplementsaffectthemind.（随着心理疾病的增加，越来越多的科学家正在

研究食物或营养补充剂是如何影响心理的。）”可知，本文主要讲的是食物中的营养素对心理健康的影响，即

“Theinfluenceofnutrientsonmentalhealth.（营养素对心理健康的影响。故选D。

D

Researchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia（失语症）togettheirvoiceback——and

maybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavedemonstratedthatthebrain'selectricalactivitycanbe

decodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.

Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures（癫痫发作），usingelectrodes（电

极）onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselectedsong,electrodescapturedbrainactivity

relatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,andlyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfromUC

Berkeleyandhiscolleaguesreconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.The

paperisthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan“listensecretlyto“thebraintosynthesize（合成）music.

Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence（Al）modelto

decodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtotheparticipantsastheylistenedtothesong

whileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawerefedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodelalso

revealedsomebrainpartsrespondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthesong.

Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheirresultstobemostusefulfortranslating

brainwavesintohumanspeech.LudovicBellier,thestudy'sleadauthor,explainsthatspeech,regardlessof

language,hassmallmelodicdifferences-tempo,stress,accents,andintonation-knownasprosody（韵律）.These

elementscarrymeaningthatwecan'tcommunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprove

brain-computerinterfaces（BCI）,assistivedevicesthatrecordspeech-associatedbrainwavesandusealgorithmsto

reconstructintendedmessages.Thistechnology,stillinitsinfancy,couldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilityto

speakbecauseofaphasia.

Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthatparticipantshave

heardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrain-computerinterfacecouldrecreatesomeone'sspeechwiththeprosody

andemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcouldofferarichercommunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.

Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands-orbrains-ofpatients.Thecurrent

modelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,thehopeistogatherdatanon-invasively,

possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalower

speedofdecodingintonaturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingthe

electrodesclosertogetheronthebrain'ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookattheelectricalsymphonythe

brainproduces.

hrain-computerinteijuccs

32.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?

A.Electrodescananalyzemu