工程地质及水文地质考试题库

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7、 management, streamline, standardize re latedtransacti ons, strengtheni ngoperations in a ccorda nce with law.Deepe ningt he informati onma nagement to e nsure full communicati on zero re sistance.oconstantly perfect ERP and BFS+, and PI,a nd MIS,a nd SCM,informati on system base d constr uction,ful

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9、a nd ga sare,and heartShun of culture atmosphere; strengthe ningl ovehelpe dtrapped, care difficultemployees; carried outstyle activities,ri chemployee s life; strengthe ning health a nd la bour pr otectio n,organization car eerhealt h medi cal,contr ol careeragai nst; continuesto im plementationpsy

10、 chologi calwar ning pr evention system ,traini ngempl oyees health of chara cter,a nd stable ofmood andenter prising ofattitude, createdfrie ndlyfraternity ofHumanities envir onment.T o strengthen riskma nagement, ensurethatthebusiness ofzero risk.To strengt hene d busi ness plans managemnt,will bu

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14、dba ckofcl osed ring manageme nt, improve risk preventi on capa city.Tofurtherstandar dizetradi ng,and strivetoachieveaccor ding to la w,standar dizeand fair. Innovation ofperformancemanagement,toe nsure that potentialemployeeszer ofly.To strengt hen performance management,process control,e nhanceem

15、ploy eeevaluati on a nd level s ofeffective communicationtoimpr ove performa ncema nagement. Tofurther qua ntifyand refineemployee standards .Work,full playparty,and bra nch, andmembers in fivetype Enterpriseconstructi on i n the ofcore role ,and fighti ngfortressrol eand pioneermodel rol e;toconti

16、nues to strengtheni ng fourgood leadershipconstruction,fullplaylevelscadre s in e nterprisedevel opme nt inthe工程地质及水文地质考试库复习 1 及其参考答案一、名词释义1、 工程地质条件：与工程建筑有关的地质因素总和。包括地形地貌、岩土类型、水文地质条件、地质构造、动力地质现象、天然建材等。2、 活动断层：指现在正在活动近期有过活动、不久的将来还可能活动的断层。3、 岩体结构：结构面与结构体的统称。4、 液化指数：反应液化程度的一个指标。是根据标准贯入试验指标统计求得的。（也可以把计算

17、公式写出）5、 软化系数：岩石饱和单轴抗压强度与干燥状态下强度的比值。6、 地质工程：涉及到工程建设工程中各种地质问题以及地质灾害防治等。7、 卓越周期：岩土体对地震波有选择和放大的作用，对于一些地震波在频谱曲线上记录的特别多而且好，这个周期就是卓越周期。8、管涌：指在渗流水作用下，土体细颗粒物质在粗颗粒形成的空隙中流动或被带走的现象。9、固结灌浆：为了改善岩体的性能，提高其强度和完整性，在基岩孔内，采用一定压力将灌注浆液填充到裂隙中去。10、围岩压力：工程上常把地下洞室围岩的变形与破坏产生的、作用于支护之上的压力成为围岩压力，或称作山岩压力、地层压力等。二、简答题1、岩体完整性含义是什么？给

18、出5 种以上反映岩体完整程度的定量指标？答： （ 1）岩体完整性指岩体结构面不发育，结构体巨大，整体性好而且完整。（ 2）岩体完整性系数、裂隙率、质量指标、体积裂隙数、裂隙间距等。2、风化壳的结构特征是什么？给出5 种以上反映岩体风化程度定量指标？答：风化壳通常划分为：风化残积土、全风化带、强风化带、弱风化带、微风化带。（ 2 分）下列一些指标能反映风化程度，波速试验指标、点荷载试验指标、抗压强度指标、变形指标、物理性质及钻探技术指标。3、软土的工程地质特征是什么？答：（1）高含水量和高孔隙比；（2）低渗透性；（3）高压缩性；（4）抗剪强度低；（5）触变性。4、简述岩爆发生的机理？答：（1）高

19、地应力（2）脆性岩石（3）进行地下开挖5、简述砂土液化机制？如何用标贯试验判别砂土液化？答： （ 1）震动荷载作用（2）饱和状态砂土（3）附加孔隙水压力积累（4）当砂土抗剪强度少于等于剪应力时就产生液化6、软弱岩石的含义以及基本特征是什么？答： （ 1）含义是指软弱岩石包括三类：软质岩石、风化岩石、构造岩石。（2）强度低、水理性质差、流变效应明显、长期强度低。7、震级与烈度有什么区别？答： （ 1）震级是衡量一次地震释放能量大小的量度，一次地震对应一个震级。（2）烈度是反映地震对地面以及建筑物的破坏程度，一次地震对应许多烈度区。8、岩溶发育基本条件是什么？岩溶区工程建设遇到主要工程地质问题有哪

20、些？Wewillconti nuet o improvet he compa nys inter nalcontrol system,and steady im provement i nabilityto manageand control, optimize busine ss proce sses,to e nsure smoot h pr ocesses,responsibi lities in pla ce;tof urtherstre ngthe n inter nal control s, playa controlposti nde pendent oversight r ol

21、eof evaluationcomplying witht hird-partyresponsi bility;toa ctivelymake useof internala udittools detect potential management, streamline, standardize re latedtransacti ons, strengtheni ngoperations in a ccorda nce with law.Deepe ningt he informati onma nagement to e nsure full communicati on zero r

22、e sistance.oconstantly perfect ERP and BFS+, and PI,a nd MIS,a nd SCM,informati on system base d constr uction,fulli ntegration information system,achieved information resources shared;t oexpa ndPortalsystem a pplication of brea dth a nd depth, playi nformationsy stem onenterprise of Assistantrole ;

23、to perfectda ilyrunmaintena nce operation ofrecords,promote problem reasons analysi sand system handover; t ostrengt heni ng BFS+,and ERP , and S CM,te chnology application oftraini ng, impr oveempl oyees a pplication information systemofcapa cityand level.Humanisti ccare t o ensure zer o.Tostrength

24、e ningHumanitie scare, continues to foster companywi nd clear, a nd ga sare,and heartShun of culture atmosphere; strengthe ningl ovehelpe dtrapped, care difficultemployees; carried outstyle activities,ri chemployee s life; strengthe ning health a nd la bour pr otection, organization car eerhealt h m

25、edi cal,contr ol careeragai nst; continuesto im plementationpsy chologi calwar ning pr evention system, traini ngempl oyees health of chara cter,a nd stable ofmood andenter prising ofattitude, createdfrie ndlyfraternity ofHumanitiesenvironment.T o strengthen riskma nagement, ensurethatthebusiness of

26、zero risk.To strengt hene d busi ness plans manageme nt,will business busi ness planscover to all level ,ensure thebusiness can controlin control;t o close concer nfinancial,a nd coale lectri c linkage,a nd energy-savingscheduling,national policytrends,stre ngtheningtrack,a ctiveshould; to implement

27、ation State -ow ned assetsmet hod,further specificati on busi nessfinancialmanag ement; to perfectrisk t ube controlsystem,a chi eved riskre cognition,and measure,and assessment,andreport, and controlfeedba ckofcl osed ring manageme nt, improve risk preventi on capa city.Tofurtherstandar dizetradi n

28、g,and strivetoachieveaccor ding to la w,standar dizeand fair. Innovation ofperformancemanagement,toensure that potentialemployeeszer ofly.To strengt hen performance management,process control,e nhanceemploy eeevaluati on a nd level s ofeffective communicationtoimpr ove performa ncema nagement. Tofur

29、ther qua ntifyand refineemployee standards .Work,full playparty,and bra nch, andmembers in fivetype Enterpriseconstructi on i n the ofcore role ,and f ighti ngfortressrol eand pioneermodel rol e;toconti nues to strengtheni ng fourgood leadershipconstruction,fullplaylevelscadre s in e nterprisedevel

30、opme nt inthe答： （ 1）可溶性岩石、具有融蚀性水、良好水循环条件。（ 2）渗漏问题、岩溶地基稳定问题等。9、野外如何识别滑坡？答：根据地形地貌和滑坡的形态特征识别。（ 1）滑坡后缘形状；（ 2）滑坡前缘形态；（ 3）双沟同源；（ 4）阶地变位；（ 5）马刀树等。10、水库地震的特征是什么？其成因学说有哪些？答： （ 1）特征：真中多分布在库区边缘以及库底；震级低；震型多为前震余震型；与蓄水相关；等。（2）成因：地质构造成因学说、水库荷载成因说、岩溶塌陷成因说。三、分析题1、分析结构面研究的主要内容以及研究工程意义？答： （ 1）结构面研究的主要内容：a 结构面的类型，b 结构面

31、的规模以及分级，c 结构面的空间分布以及自然特性，d 结构面的强度等（ 2）结构面研究的工程意义：a结构面的存在破坏了岩体的完整性和强度。b 裂隙岩体的强度主要取决结构面的强度。c结构面的强度选择对与工程技术安全以及经济合理有重要意义。或 d 结构面对于边坡、地下洞室、坝基抗滑稳定有着重大影响。2、分析岩爆产生的原因和发生的部位。答： （ 1）原因：在地应力比较高的地区，或埋深很大的隧洞周围岩体内，贮存着大量的应变能，当这些潜在的能量具备突然释放的条件时，就产生一种冲击压力。在隧洞施工工程中一旦受到这种冲击压力的作用，就可能发生岩块横飞和围岩塌落的现象。一般称之为岩爆或冲击地压。（ 2）部位：

32、a 由初始应力和洞室断面形状所决定的重分布应力最集中区；b 在围岩靠近表面部分有高变异应力及残余应力分布区；c 在断层受风化破碎的岩脉（墙）附近形成的局部应力增高区。四、综合论述地下洞室工程中围岩压力的形成机制和确定方法。答： （ 1）围岩压力的形成机制：a 边坡变形破坏形式b分析影响边坡稳定因素c 对边坡稳定性进行定性和定量评价d为设计经济合理边坡以及整治边坡提供依据f 边坡的检测以及变形破坏预报工作。（ 2）边坡稳定性评价方法：a 地质分析方法b 极限平衡法计算Wewillconti nuet o improvet he compa nys inter nalcontrol system,

33、and steady im provement i nabilityto manageand control, optimize busine ss proce sses,to e nsure smoot h pr ocesses,responsibi lities in pla ce;tof urtherstre ngthe n inter nal control s, playa controlposti nde pendent oversight r oleof evaluationcomplying witht hird-partyresponsi bility;toa ctively

34、make useof internala udittools detect potential management, streamline, standardize re latedtransacti ons, strengtheni ngoperations in a ccorda nce with law.Deepe ningt he informati onma nagement to e nsure full communicati on zero re sistance.oconstantly perfect ERP and BFS+, and PI,a nd MIS,a nd S

35、CM,informati on system base d constr uction,fulli ntegration information system,achieved information resources shared;t oexpa ndPortalsystem a pplication of brea dth a nd depth, playi nformationsy stem onenterprise of Assistantrole ;to perfectda ilyrunmaintena nce operation ofrecords,promote problem

36、 reasons analysi sand system handover; t ostrengt heni ng BFS+,and ERP , and S CM,te chnology application oftraini ng, impr oveempl oyees a pplication information systemofcapa cityand level.Humanisti ccare t o ensure zer o.Tostrengthe ningHumanitie scare, continues to foster companywi nd clear, a nd

37、 ga sare,and heartShun of culture atmosphere; strengthe ningl ovehelpe dtrapped, care difficultemployees; carried outstyle activities,ri chemployee s life; strengthe ning health a nd la bour pr otection, organizat ioncar eerhealt h medi cal,contr ol careeragai nst; continuesto im plementationpsy cho

38、logi calwar ning pr evention system, traini ngem ployees health of chara cter,a nd stable ofmood andenter prising ofattitude, createdfrie ndlyfraternity ofHumanitiesenvironment.T o strengthen riskma nagement, ensurethatthebusiness ofzero risk.To strengt hene d busi ness plans manageme nt,will busine

39、ssbusi ness planscover to all level ,ensure thebusiness can controlin control;t o close concer nfinancial,a nd coale lectri c linkage,a nd energy-savingscheduling,national policytrends,stre ngtheningtrack,a ctiveshould; to implementation State -ow ned assetsmet hod,further specificati on busi nessfi

40、nancialmanag ement; to perfectrisk t ube controlsystem,a chi eved riskre cognition,and measure,and assessme I- . L .1 .1 - . I . - - LII- - . |_| _ _d L _. I _- -. L . I. _ . . _ L_ - _ I I. - - . I一 -I _一 .一 _ 一一 一 一一 一 .一 一一 一一. - 一一- 一 I. 一 .一. 一.一 .|._ . _ - IL ,.一一-一. I. 一.I一 . I. _ 一.一-一 I L.

41、. .IL. I.I . ,I一 .11.11.c 图解方法d 有限单元法e 工程类比复习 2 及其参考答案、区别各组概念1、 工程地质条件与工程地质问题答： （ 1）工程地质条件是指与工程建筑有关的各种地质因素之综合.（2） 工程地质问题是指存在于工程建筑与工程地质条件之间的矛盾.2、 液化指数与液性指数答： （ 1）液化指数是反映砂土或者粉土液化程度的一个指标。（ 2）液性指数是反映细颗粒土状态的一个指标。3、 地质工程与岩土工程答： （ 1 ）地质工程可以这样理解，它是研究工程建设过程中的地质问题以及地质灾害防治。（ 2）岩土工程可以这样理解，它是关于岩土体利用、整治和改造的一门技术学科

42、。涉及到岩土工程勘察、设计、施工以及监测。4、固结灌浆与帷幕灌浆答： （ 1）固结灌浆目的是增强岩土体完整性，提高强度，改善岩土体物理力学性能。（ 2）帷幕灌浆目的是增强岩土体的抗渗能力。5、震级与烈度答： （ 1）震级是衡量一次地震释放能量大小的量度，一次地震对应一个震级。（ 2）烈度是反映地震对地面以及建筑物的破坏程度，一次地震对应许多烈度区。、简答题1、岩体结构含义是什么？岩体结构类型是怎样划分？答：岩体结构是结构面和结构体统称。其类型可以划分为整体块状结构、层状结构、碎裂结构、散体结构。2、风化壳的结构特征是什么？给出5 种以上反映岩体风化程度定量指标？答：风化壳通常划分为：风化残积土

43、、全风化带、强风化带、弱风化带、微风化带。下列一些指标能反映风化程度，波速试验指标、点荷载试验指标、抗压强度指标、变形指标、物理性质及钻探技术指标。3、软土的工程地质特征是什么？答： （ 1）高含水量和高孔隙比；（ 2）低渗透性；（ 3）高压缩性；（ 4）抗剪强度低；（ 5）触变性。4、简述岩爆发生的机理？答： （ 1）高地应力（ 2）脆性岩石（ 3）进行地下开挖5、简述砂土液化机制？答： （ 1）震动荷载作用（ 2）饱和状态砂土（ 3）附加孔隙水压力积累（ 4）当砂土抗剪强度少于等于剪应力时就产生液化6、结构面的成因分类是什么？并举例说明每种类型。stantrole ;to perfectd

44、a ilyrunmaintena nce operation ofrecords,promote problem reasons analysi sand system handover; t ostrengt heni ng BFS+,and ERP , and S CM,te chnology application oftraini ng, impr oveempl oyees a pplication information systemof,national policytrends,stre ngtheningtrack,a ctiveshould; to implementati

45、on State -ow ned assetsmet hod,further specificati on busi nessfinancialmanag ement; to perfectrisk t ube controlsystem,a chi eved riskre cognition,and measure,and assessmeWewillconti nuet o improvet he compa nys inter nalcontrol system,and steady improvement inabilityto manageand control, optimize

46、busine ss processes,to e nsure smoot h pr ocesses,responsibi lities in pla ce;tof urtherstre ngthe n internal controls, playa controlposti nde pendent oversight r oleof evaluationcomplying witht hird-partyresponsi bility;toactivelymake useof internala udittools detect potential management, streamlin

47、e, standardize re latedtransacti ons, strengtheni ngoperations in a ccorda nce with law.Deepeningt he informationma nagement to e nsure fullcommunicati on zero re sistance.oconstantly perfect ERPand BFS+, and PI,a nd MIS,a nd SCM,information systembase d constr uction,fulli ntegration information sy

48、stem,achieved information resources shared;t oexpa ndPortalsystem a pplication of breadth a nd depth, playinformationsystem onenterprise of Assicapa cityand level.Humanisti ccare t o ensure zer o.Tostrengthe ningHumanitie scare, continues to fostercompanywi nd clear, a nd ga sare,and heartShun of cu

49、lture atmosphere; strengthe ningl ovehelpe dtrapped, care difficultemployees; carried outstyle activities,ri chemployee s life; strengthe ning health a nd la bour pr otection, organization car eerhealt h medi cal,contr ol careeragai nst; continuesto im plementationpsy chologi calwar ning pr evention

50、 system, traini ngempl oyees health of chara cter,a nd stable ofmood andenterprising ofattitude, createdfrie ndlyfraternity ofHumanitiesenvironment.T o strengthen riskma nagement, ensurethatthebusiness ofzero risk.To strengthene d busi ness plans manageme nt,will business busi ness planscover to all

51、 level ,ensure thebusiness can controlin control;t o close concer nfinancial,a nd coale lectri c linkage,a nd energy-savingschedulingreport, and controlfeedba ckofcl osed ring manageme nt, improve risk preventi on capa city.Tofurtherstandar dizetradi ng,and strivetoachieveaccor ding to la w,standar

52、dizeand fair. Innovation ofperformancemanagement,toensure that potentialemployeeszer ofly.To strengt hen performance management,process control,e nhanceemploy eeevaluati on a nd levels ofeffective communicationtoimpr ove performa ncema nagement. Tofurther qua ntifyand refineemployee standards .Work,

53、full playparty,and branch, andmembers in fivetype Enterpriseconstruction in the ofcore role ,and f ighti ngfortressrol eand pioneermodel rol e;toconti nues to strengthening fourgood leadershipconstruction,fullplaylevelscadre s in e nterprisedevel opme nt inthe答： （1）分为三大类：原生结构面、构造结构面、次生结构面。（2）如沉积岩层面属

54、于原生结构面、断层面属于构造结构面、卸荷裂隙属于次生结构面。7、卓越周期含义是什么？如何利用波速试验资料确定卓越周期？答： （ 1）岩土体对地震波有选择放大的作用，对于一些周期的地震波在记录 频谱图上出现的多，显得卓越，这个周期称为卓越周期。 （2）根据T=4H/v 进行计算。8、岩溶发育基本条件是什么？岩溶区工程建设遇到主要工程地质问题有哪些？答：（1）可溶性岩石、具有融蚀性水、良好水循环条件。（2）渗漏问题、岩溶地基稳定问题等。9、野外如何识别滑坡？答：根据地形地貌和滑坡的形态特征。（ 1）滑坡后缘形状；（ 2）滑坡前缘形态；（ 3）双沟同源；（4）阶地变位；（ 5）马刀树等。10、坝基渗

55、透变形破坏类型有哪些？如何防治之。答： （1） 管涌,流土,接触冲刷,接触流失（2） 帷幕灌浆、铺盖、排水减压等三、分析题1、分析软弱岩石研究的工程意义？答：（1）软弱岩石包括软质岩石、风化岩石、构造岩石。（2）软弱岩石具有强度低、水理性之差、变性模量低、流变效应明显。（3）对软弱岩石研究具有重要意义a 对于水利水电工程坝基基础面选择以及风化岩石利用至关重要b 对于边坡稳定分析以及边坡治理也具有重要意义c 对于地下洞室围岩稳定也具有重要意义d 对于其他岩石地基利用与选择也具有重要意义2、分析坝基深层滑动的边界条件，简要说明剩余推力法、等稳定法的原理？答： （ 1）边界条件包括切割面、临空面、滑

56、动面以及滑动面上的抗剪指标。（2）剩余推力法原理：首先计算滑移体的安全系数，但计算时不考虑抗力体的作用。如果滑移体的安全系数1 就需要计算剩余推力。剩余推力求法是假定给予滑移体一作用力 R使得滑移体的安全系数为 1,求得R ,求得R后分析抗力体稳定安全系数。（ 3）等稳定法原理：假定滑移体与抗力体之间作用力为R，假定滑移体与抗力体的稳定系数是相等，根据受力状况分别列出稳定系数表达式解方程组求得 R与稳定系数。nt,and根据平衡方程四、综合论述分析边坡工程研究的内容和稳定评价方法？fback boneba ckbone r ole;tofull strengthe ningmem bersyouthw ork,fullplayyouth employee s incompany devel opmenti n the offorcerole;t o improvei nde pende nt Commission against corruptionworklevel ,strengtheni ngon enterpri s