（新课标）天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 单项填空 专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气课件

1、专题七情态动词和虚拟语气专题七情态动词和虚拟语气-2-考情概览1.考查情态动词的基本意义和用法,特别是can,may,must,need,shall,should,will,would等。要求把握情态动词的语法特征和语意特征,区别意义相近、用法类似的情态动词。2.考查情态动词表示推测、允诺、请求、判断的用法,尤其是can,could,may,might,must表示推测的用法。要求准确把握说话者的语气,深刻体会说话者的情感态度,结合情景做出合理的选择。3.考查“情态动词+have done”结构的用法。要求掌握该结构中不同的情态动词所表达的特殊意义。4.考查虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。要求掌握与

2、现在、过去、将来三个不同时间的事实相反的虚拟语气,以及省略if的虚拟倒装句。-3-5.考查虚拟语气在隐含的虚拟条件和错综时间条件句中的用法。要求识别由一些介词或连词提供的虚拟条件,明确主句和条件状语从句谓语所发生的不同时间。6.考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法,注意在这些固定句型中谓语所使用的形式。-4-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九can/could与be able to1.can/could用来表示“一般能力”;be able to有多种时态,且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如:My grandma is over seventy,but she can st

3、ill read without glasses.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.2.表示允许可用can或could,与may/might意义接近。could可用于一般现在时,只是语气更加委婉、客气,回答时则一般要用can而不用could。Could I have the television on?Yes,you can./No,you cant.-5-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九【典例分析】 (2017北京卷,21)Samuel,the tallest boy in our class, ea

4、sily reach the books on the top shelf.A.must B.shouldC.canD.need答案为C项。句意:塞缪尔是我们班最高的男生,他很轻松就能够到书架顶层上的书。表示能力,用can“能够”。must“必须”;should“应该”;need“必须”。-6-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九(2016天津卷,5)It was really annoying;I get access to the data bank you had recommended.A.wouldntB.couldntC.shouldntD.neednt答案为B项

5、。句意:这真让人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的资料库。wouldnt“不愿意”;couldnt“不能”;shouldnt“不应该”;neednt “没必要”。由第一句“这真让人恼火”可知,couldnt为最佳答案,即“我不能进入你推荐的资料库”是“这真让人恼火”的原因。-7-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九may与might1.表示允许,意为“可以,许可”,用法基本上同can与could。如:May I use your bicycle?2.表示可能性,意为“也许,可能”。如:According to the weather forecast,it may rain tomor

6、row.-8-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 You feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.A.shouldB.needC.shallD.may答案为D项。should“应该”,表示责任、义务或按照事理常规做推断,还可以表示“万一,竟然”;need“需要”;shall“会,应该”,表示允诺、命令、警告、决心以及法律规章的规定;may“也许,可能”。从句子后半部分的“but Im a hundr

7、ed percent sure .”可以看出,句子前半部分是说话人对“you”的心理推测,存在不确定性,故用may,所以D项正确。句意:你可能觉得所有这些训练是在浪费时间,但我百分之百地确信,你以后会庆幸你做了(这些训练)。-9-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九must与have to1.must用来表示说话人的主观看法;have to表示客观的需要,强调外界压力,不得已而为之。如:He said that they must work hard.(主观上要做这件事) My brother was ill,so I had to call the doctor in th

8、e middle of the night.(客观上需要做这件事)2.表示“不必”,须用dont have to或neednt。mustnt表示“禁止,绝对不可”。如:You dont have to tell him about it.You mustnt tell him about it.Must we do it now?No,you neednt.-10-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,2)My room is a mess,but I _ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it

9、in the morning.A.darentB.shouldntC.needntD.mustnt答案为C项。句意:我的房间乱得一团糟,但是今晚出门前我不必打扫。我可以早上打扫。根据后一句“我可以早上打扫”可知,此处应用neednt表示“不必做某事”。故选C项。(2016北京卷,31)I love the weekend,because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A.needntB.mustntC.wouldntD.shouldnt答案为A项。句意:我之所以喜欢周末是因为我在周六、周日不必早起。neednt “不必”;mustnt “禁止”

10、;wouldnt “不会”; shouldnt “不应该”。由句意可知,A项正确。-11-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九shall,should与ought to1.shall常用以表示下面三个方面的意思:(1)用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中,用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如:What shall he do next?(2)用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如:He shall stay in bed.You shall have it back next week.He says he wont go,but I

11、 say he shall.(3)用于表示法律法规及规章制度所做出的规定。如:In our mall all payments shall be made in cash.-12-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.should表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意。如:You should learn from each other.3.ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.4.should和ought to也可用来表示推测,意为“想必会”。如:When c

12、an I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.They should be ready by 12:00.-13-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.A.mightB.couldC.shallD.will答案为C项。考查情态动词。句意:我们有一项规定,每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处shall表示按照法律、条文、规定必须要做的事情。其他选择项均无此用

13、法。-14-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九will与would1.will 用于各种人称,表示意志、意愿或决心等。如:If you will keep your watch half an hour slow,it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.2.will表示习惯性的动作,意为“总是,惯于”。如:An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.3.would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如:On Sundays h

14、e would get up early and go fishing.-15-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.should答案为C项。考查情态动词。句意:我仍然记得我的快乐童年,那时妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。might“可能,也许”;must“必须”;would“过去常常”;should“应该”。The door open,no matte

15、r how hard she pushed.A.shouldnt B.couldntC.wouldnt D.mightnt答案为C项。考查情态动词。句意:无论她怎么用力推,这扇门就是打不开。表示特定情况下事物的倾向性用will/would。wouldnt open “打不开”。shouldnt “不应该”;couldnt “不能够”;mightnt “可能不,或许不”。-16-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九情态动词表示推测1.肯定句中用must(一定,很可能),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许)表示推测。表示对当前行为、情况或状态的推测,用must/m

16、ay/might/could+do/be句型;表示对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测,用must/may/might/could+be doing句型;表示对过去发生的事情的推测,用must/may/might/could+have done/been句型。如:I always meet him in the street.He must/may/might/could live quite near here.There is still light in his room.He must/may/might/could be studying at this time.I didnt hear

17、 the phone.I must have been asleep.-17-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.否定句中用can/could或may/might表示推测。如:Though he is busy,he cant/may not refuse your invitation because you are good friends.The room cant have been cleaned by Li Ping,because she left here half a year ago.3.疑问句中常用can/could表示推测。如:Can he be

18、English?No.He cant be English.He must be American.The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?-18-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.A.mustB.canC.willD.shall答案为A项。句意:你一定是卡罗尔。这些年你一点儿没变。must表示肯定推测;can表示推测时,常用于一般疑问句和否定句中;will表示意愿或倾向性

19、;shall与第二、三人称连用,表示“允诺、警告、命令、威胁”。-19-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九“情态动词+have done”结构1.must have done sth.用来表示对过去事情的肯定推测。如:Since the road is wet,it must have rained last night.2.should/ought to have done sth.表示“(过去)本应该做某事(而实际上未做)”,一般含有责备的意味。如:You should have come here a little earlier.3.could have done

20、sth.表示“(过去)本能够、本可以做某事(而实际上未做)”,有时也含有责备意味。如:Given more time,he could have done it better.4.need not have done sth.表示“(过去)本不必、无须做某事(而实际上已做)”。如:You neednt have come last night.-20-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,15)Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I able to reach her yesterday.

21、A.hadnt beenB.wouldnt have beenC.werentD.wouldnt be答案为B项。句意:你有贝蒂的 号码吗?是的。如果没有的话,昨天我就找不到她了。这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式,otherwise相当于一个条件状语从句,空格所在的句子相当于主句,故用“情态动词+have done”的形式,选B项。-21-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(2015天津卷,7)I have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to

22、me.A.mightntB.mustntC.needntD.couldnt答案为C项。句意:来这所新学校之前我原本不必担忧,因为这里的同学们对我都非常友好。neednt have done表示过去原本不必要做某事但是已经做了;mightnt have done表示过去也许没有做某事;没有mustnt have done这种用法;couldnt have done表示过去不可能做某事。-22-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法 -23-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九1.在具体运用中,条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如

23、:Had it not been for your help,we wouldnt have achieved so much.2.介词(短语)without/but for,连词but,副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如:I wouldnt have made such rapid progress without your help.3.有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如:If the weather had been more favourable,the crops would be growing still bett

24、er.-24-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017江苏卷,22) not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.A.It wereB.Were itC.It wasD.Was it答案为B项。句意:要是没有老师们的支持,这名学生是不可能克服困难的。在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中,若谓语动词含有were,可以省略if,将条件从句的主语置于were之后,构成倒装句。故选B项。-25-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(2

25、016天津卷,15)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I .A.were injuredB.would be injuredC.had been injuredD.would have been injured答案为D项。句意:我系着安全带。如果我没系着安全带,我可能就受伤了。由第一句可知本题是谈论过去的事情。对过去的事情进行虚拟时,if条件句用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句用“would have +过去分词”。故选D项。-26-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九Without his wart

26、ime experiences,Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didnt writeB.hadnt writtenC.wouldnt writeD.wouldnt have written答案为D项。句意:如果没有战时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了,武器。without,but for为含蓄虚拟语气的提示词。由句意可知,海明威写小说发生在过去,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故谓语动词用would have done的形式。-27-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九虚拟语气的其他用法1.在wish后

27、面的宾语从句中以及would rather和if only后面的句子中用虚拟语气。如:I failed in the exam.I really wish I had known the answers.I would rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning.If only I had not come here alone.在It is wished that引导的主语从句以及名词wish后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,从句谓语的形式同wish后面宾语从句的形式。如:It is wished that man coul

28、d fly freely in the sky.注意:wish的时态和后面从句的时态无关。-28-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九2.在insist(坚决要求)/suggest(建议)/recommend/propose/order/demand/require/request等后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,从句谓语用(should) do的形式。如:He suggested that we (should) start at once.在It is suggested/proposed that引导的主语从句以及名词insistence/suggestion/propos

29、al/order/demand等后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,谓语的形式同这些名词相应的动词后面的宾语从句的形式一致。如:Their proposal is that their output (should) be increased by 20%.3.在It is necessary/important/possible/strange/no wonder/a pity/a shame等后面的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语用(should) do 的形式。如:It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.-29-考

30、点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九4.在It is (high) time that后面的从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语用过去式或should do的形式,should不可省略。如:It is time that we went/should go to bed.5.在as if/as though后面的从句中也常用虚拟语气。如:She always talks to me as if she were my sister.-30-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九【典例分析】 (2015天津卷,13)I wish I at my sisters wedding

31、 last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.A.will beB.would beC.have been D.had been答案为D项。句意:我多么希望自己上个星期二能参加姐姐的婚礼呀,可是我当时正在纽约出差。wish后面接宾语从句时,宾语从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气,根据last Tuesday可知,此处表示对过去的情况的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。-31-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to

32、me as if I it?A.had doneB.have doneC.did D.am doing答案为A项。考查虚拟语气。句意:打破窗户的是约翰,为什么你跟我说话的样子就好像是我做了这件事?as if后面的从句通常用虚拟语气,从句表示对过去的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。-32-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九6.虚拟语气的题目有时并不出现if条件句,而是通过without/but for/or/otherwise等暗示虚拟条件的语境。【典例分析】 It is lucky we booked a room,or we nowhere to stay now.A.hadB.

33、had hadC.would haveD.would have had答案为C项。句意:幸亏我们订了房间,否则现在将没有地方住。分析语境以及时间状语now可知,此处表示与现在事实相反的假设。因此主句谓语动词用“would+do”的形式,故选C项。-33-1.(2017北京卷,34)If the new safety system to use,the accident would never have happened.A.had been putB.were putC.should be putD.would be put解析 句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,那么这个事故就不会发生了。根据

34、句意可知,此处表示对过去的事情进行假设,所以条件句应使用过去完成时态。A-34-2.(2017天津高考压轴卷,23)Lisa,what do you think of the job of being a nurse?In my opinion,it be difficult sometimes though it seems easy.A.should B.canC.mustD.need解析 句意:丽莎,你认为当一名护士这个工作怎么样?在我看来,这个工作尽管看似容易,但有时可能是很难的。此处考查情态动词,应选B项can“可能”,表示推测。B -35-3.(2017天津高考压轴卷,30)We

35、would rather our daughter at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.A.would stayB.has stayedC.stayedD.stay解析 句意:我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但这是她的选择,她已不再是孩子了。此处考查虚拟语气,指女儿没像我们希望的那样待在家里,与现在事实相反,故选C项。C-36-4.(2016北京卷,34)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you me,I could

36、 have helped.A.toldB.had toldC.were to tellD.would tell5.(2016江苏卷,27)If it for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.A.had not been B.should not beC.were not to beD.should not have beenB 解析句意:为什么上星期你不把你的困难告诉我呢?如果你告诉我,说不定我会帮得上你呢。由问句中的last week及 could have helped推知,从句是对过去事实的虚拟,故用过去完成时。

37、A解析从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以选had+过去分词。句意:如果没有他那天的邀请,我现在不会在这里。-37-6.(2016浙江卷,15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005.A.had not fallenB.would not fallC.did not fallD.would not have fallen7.Im sorry Im busy now.If I time,I would certainly go to

38、 the movies with you.A.haveB.hadC.have hadD.had hadD 解析逗号前的内容是If条件句的倒装形式,其正常形式为:If the governments and scientists hadnt worked together。可以看出这是与过去事实相反的虚拟,故主句应该用would(not)have done的形式。故选D项。D 解析句意:不好意思,我现在很忙,如果我有时间的话,我一定会与你一起去看电影的。主句的谓语是would go,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。非真实条件句用一般过去时had表示与现在事实相反的主观假设。-38-8.I am s

39、ure I saw Brian in the park this morning.You be imagining things.He left for America last night.A.needB.canC.mustD.shallC 解析句意:我确信今天早晨在公园里看到布莱恩了。你一定是在想象吧。他昨天晚上去美国了。此处是对现在情景的推断,故用must表示“一定”。can表示推测时,用于疑问句和否定句中。9.He ,but he chose to stay and fight.A.escapedB.did escape C.might escapeD.could have escap

40、edD 解析句意:他本可以逃跑但是他选择留下来战斗。could have done “本来可以做某事实际没做”。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 -39-10.There will be a new film tonight.Yes.But for tomorrows test,I to see it with you.A.will goB.will have goneC.would goD.would have gone11.Will you read me a story,Mummy? OK.You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

41、A.shallB.mustC.couldD.mightC 解析第二句话的意思是“要不是明天的考试的话,我就会跟你一起去了”。主句表示将来不可能实现的主观愿望,故用would+动词原形。A解析句意:妈妈,你给我读一个故事,好吗?好吧。如果你尽快上床睡觉的话,你会有故事听的。在肯定句中,第二人称后面跟shall可表示“许诺”。-40-12.I told your friend how to get to the hotel,but perhaps I have driven her there.A.couldB.mustC.mightD.should 13.I dont agree with Mr

42、.Johnsons views about social welfare.He some better words to express his ideas,but I think what he said makes a lot of sense.A.might use B.should have used C.could useD.would have usedD 解析句意:我告诉过你的朋友怎么到旅馆的,但是可能我应该开车把她送到那儿去的。此处表示过去“应该做某事而实际上没有做”,故用should have done形式,故选D项。B解析句意:我不同意约翰逊先生关于社会福利的那些观点。他本

43、应该用一些更好的词来表达他的想法的,但我认为他说得很有意义。should have done“本应该做而没有做”,是对过去发生的情况的虚拟表达。-41-14.To our surprise,he strongly demanded that she immediately for what she just said at the meeting.A.apologizeB.would apologizeC.apologizedD.had apologized15.My deskmate is no doubt the brightest student in our class and alw

44、ays work out those difficult maths problems.A.canB.mightC.mustD.shouldA 解析句意:让我们吃惊的是,他强烈地要求她立刻为她刚刚在会议上说的话道歉。demand“强烈要求”,后接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语形式是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。A 解析句意:我的同桌无疑是我们班上最聪明的学生,他总是能够解答出那些数学难题。根据and前的分句可知,这里用情态动词can表示能力,意为“能,会”。-42-16.One visitor suggested that the museum set up a mo

45、del train area to attract more children.A.shouldB.couldC.might D.would17.My friend stares at me as though I a complete stranger.A.amB.wereC.would beD.have beenA 解析句意:一个游客建议博物馆应该设立一个模型火车区域来吸引更多的孩子。在suggest意为“建议”后的宾语从句中应用虚拟语气,从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。故选A项。B解析句意:我的朋友盯着我看,好像我完全是个陌生人。as though表示“好像”

46、,在此引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气,根据主句时态可知这里是对现在情况的虚拟,应用一般过去时(be动词用were)。故选B项。-43-18. you come across Tom,tell him I could visit him recently.A.ShouldB.WouldC.CouldD.Might19.But for your error,it easier for you to pass the driving test.After all,you had high-quality training.A.must have beenB.should beC.might have beenD.could beA 解析句意:你如果碰见汤姆的话,告诉他我最近会去拜访他。此处是省略if的虚拟