物流英语CHAPTER THREE

1、CHAPTER 3Frieight TransportKey Point 1、The five primary modes of transportation:v rail transportv road transportv pipeline transportv water transportv air transport2、Container Transportation and Inter-modal Transport Introduction to transportation Functions of transportation Product movement Product

2、 storage Five modes of transportation Rail transport Road/truck transport Pipeline transport Air transport Water transportIntroduction Transportation is one of the most significant areas of logistics management because of its impact on customer service levels and the firms cost structure. Transporta

3、tion refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to a point of consumption and can involve raw materials being brought into the production process/or finished goods being shipped out to the customer. Transportation is a very visible element of logistics. Consumers are accustomed

4、to seeing trucks and trains transporting product or parked at business facilities. Few consumers fully understand just how dependent our economic system is upon economical and dependable transportation.Introduction Transportation is one of the most significant areas of logistics management because o

5、f its impact on customer service levels and the firms cost structure. 运输是物流管理的重要领域之一，这是由于运输影响着客户服务水平和企业成本结构。 词汇扩展： significant （形） 重大的；有效的；有意义的； 同近义词valid, important, available, effective, virtual, remarkable Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to a point o

6、f consumption and can involve raw materials being brought into the production process/or finished goods being shipped out to the customer. 运输是产品从生产地到消费地的实体移动，涉及到原材料进入生产过程、成品运送至最终用户。 词汇扩展： refers to 引用，是，指； involve 包含；牵涉； bring into v. 使开始；使进入某种状态 ship out 运出；坐船到国外去；出海Introduction Transportation is a

7、 very visible element of logistics. 运输是一项看可见的物流组成。 Consumers are accustomed to seeing trucks and trains transporting product or parked at business facilities. Few consumers fully understand just how dependent our economic system is upon economical and dependable transportation. 消费者经常看见货车或火车运送货物或停放在业

8、务区，但是很少有消费者能完全理解我们的经济体系（运行）是怎样依赖于经济又可靠的运输。词汇扩展：1、 be accustomed to 习惯于be accustomed to doing习惯做 (同)be used to doingbe accustomed to do适应做 be used to do被用来做2、Dependent adj. 依靠的；从属的；取决于的Dependable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的；可信任的Depend vi. 依赖，依靠；相信，信赖；取决于depend on 取决于；依赖；依靠 depend upon 依赖；取决于 depend on yourself 依靠自

9、己 Functions of TransportationTransportation enterprises provide two major services: product movement product storageFunctions of TransportationvProduct Movement- The basic value provided by transportation is to move inventory to the next stage of the business process.- The primary transportation val

10、ue proposition is product move up and down the supply chain.- The performance of transportation is vital to procurement, manufacturing, and market distribution.- Transportation also plays a key role in the performance of reverse logistcs.- Without reliable transportation, most commercial activity co

11、uld not function.- Transportation consumes time, financial, and environmental resources. Functions of Transportationv Product Storage- While a product is in a transportation vehicle, it is being stored.- Transport vehicles can also be used for product storage at shipment origin or destination, but t

12、hey are comparatively expensive storage facilities.- A trade-off exists between using a transportation vehicle versus temporarily placing products in a warehouse.- Product storage in transportation vehicles may be justified from a total cost or performance perspective when loading or unloading costs

13、, capacity constraints, and ability to extend lead times are considered.Transportation Mode HighlightsFive Modes of Transportation The five primary modes of transportation are rail, road, pipeline, water, and air. Each has different economic and service characteristics. The logistics manager must co

14、nsider a number of trade-offs when selecting a mode of transportation: cost versus speed, packaging expense versus risk of damage, flexibility versus dependability. These are all very complex issues. For example, if hazardous material is to be moved by air, it may require more and different kinds of

15、 packaging than would be required by a motor carrier. Furthermore, most movements involve the services of more than one mode of transport. 五种基本的运输模式是：铁路、公路、管道、水路和航空运输。每种运输模式都有其不同的经济和服务特点。物流管理者在选择运输模式时必须进行大量的权衡：速度与成本、包装成本与其被损坏的风险、柔性与可靠性。这些都是很复杂的。譬如，危险品的航空运输，相对与公路运输来说，它可能需要更多不同种类的包装。此外，大多数货物的移动所涉及的运输都

16、多于一种运输模式。Five Modes of Transportation 词汇扩展 primary adj. 主要的；初级的；基本的 n. 原色；最主要者 characteristics ,krktristiks n. 特性，特征；特色（characteristic的复数）； trade-offs n. 权衡；交易；物物交换 versus (介词)对；与.相对；对抗 expense n. 损失，代价；消费；开支 expensive adj. 昂贵的；花钱的 damage n. 损害，伤害；损失；破坏 flexibility ,fleksibiliti n. 灵活性；弹性；适应性 flexib

17、le adj.易弯(曲)的，灵活的 hazardous hzds adj. 有危险的；冒险的；碰运气的 furthermore 另外，此外，而且，还有，再者，Rail Transportation Advantages:- cost-effective- energy-efficient- large quantities of goods- long distances Disadvantages:- inherent inflexibility of operation（运作过程僵化）- fixed time schedules and marshalling(固定的时间表和固定的时间表和

18、编组）编组）- service from terminal to terminal（从终端到终端的服务）Road Transportationl Advantages: Allows rapid movement of goods over short distance Allows “just in time” deliveries Direct, flexible, can go anywhere roads are A door to door service Uses existing roadway infrastructurel Disadvantages: With the de

19、velopment of road transportation,new types of problems,such as a significant growth of fuel consumption(燃料消耗）,air pollution（空气污染）,traffic congestion（交通拥挤） and road accidents （交通事故）have emerged.PipelinesPipelines are primarily used to move petroleum, naturalgas, and chemicals. Advantages: Pipelines o

20、perate on a twenty-four-hour basis,seven days per week,fifty two weeks per year.(continuous) closed system with little risk of loss or damage minimal labor=low costDisadvantages: specific cargos serve a limited area one-way serviceAir TransportAdvantages: Good for - Time sensitive materials- Mail- L

21、ightweight material- Perishable(易腐烂的）- Valuable fast,on time services Extremely rapid,flexible deliveryDisdvantages:Expensive Be easily influenced by heavy weatherWater TransportAdvantages: Includes rivers, lakes, canal（运河）, waterways, maritime shipping（海运） Move a large number of cargoes Good for bu

22、lk freight Low costDisdvantages: Low speedRanking Modes of Transportation Intermodal services 联合运输 In recent years, there has been increased use of shipping by more than one transportation mode. 近些年，已经有越来越多的货运使用多于一种的运输模式的联合运输。 Not all of these combinations are practical. 但是，不是所有的组合都能切合实际。 Only rail

23、and truck, called piggyback, has seen widespread use. Truck-water combinations, referred to as fishyback, are gaining acceptance。 只包含铁路和公路运输的称为驼背运输，这种方式被广泛的应用。公路和水路运输的组合，就是鱼背运输，同样也获得了认可。物流专业英语-运输术语1.托运人 consigner 货物托付承运人按照合同约定的时间运送到指定地点，向承运人支付相应报酬的一方当事人。2.承运人 carrier 本人或者委托他人以本人名义与托运人订立货物运输合同的当事人。物流

24、专业英语-运输术语3.门到门运输服务 Door to door service 运输经营人由发货人的工厂或仓库接受货物，负责将货物运到收货人的工厂或仓库交付的一种运输服务，在这种交付方式下，货物的交接形态都是整体交接。4.直达运输 Through transport 物品由发运地到接受地，中途不需要中转的运输。物流专业英语-运输术语5.中转运输 Transfer transport 物品由生产地运达最终使用地，中途经过一次以上落地并换装的一种运输方式。6.甩挂运输 Drop and pull transport 用牵引车拖带挂车至目的地，将挂车甩下后，换上新的挂车运往另一个目的地的运输方式。物

25、流专业英语-运输术语7.整车运输 Truck-load transport 按整车办理承托手续、组织运送和计费的货物运输。8.零担运输 Less-than-truck-load transport 按零担货物办理承托手续、组织运送和计费的货物运输。物流专业英语-运输术语9.集装运输 Containerized transport 使用集装器具或利用捆扎方法，把裸装物品、散粒物品、体积较小的成件物品，组合成为一定规格的集装单元进行的运输。10.集装箱运输 Container transport 以集装箱为单元进行货物运输的一种货运方式。物流专业英语-运输术语11.联合运输 joint trans

26、port 一次委托，由两个或两个以上运输企业为同一批货物运送到目的地的活动。12.多式联运 Multimodal transport 联合经营者受托运人、收货人或旅客的委托，为委托人实现两种或两种以上运输方式的全程运输，以及提供相关运输物流辅助服务的活动。Match column A with column B1.physical distribution2.raw material3.order picking4.reverse egrated logistics6.foreign-trade processing7.transportation consolid

27、ation8.seme-finished goods9.coordinated management10.materials handlinga.半成品b.订单拣选c.协同管理d.实物分销e.综合物流f.运输拼箱g.物料搬运h.外贸加工I.原材料j.逆向物流1.Transport agencies include air and surface freight forwarders , shippers associations and transport brokers. 货运代理包括航空货运代理人、托运人协会和运输经纪人等。2. Freight forwarders purchase lo

28、ng distance service from water , rail ,air even and truck carriers. 货运代理从水运、铁路运输、航空运输甚至包括公路运输承运人那里批发长距离运输服务。3.International Railway Bill can be used in land bridge transport. 国际铁路运单能够应用于大陆桥运输。4. Transportation using multiple transportation means is also called combined transport. 利用多种运输方式的运输也叫联合运输。5

29、. NVOCC is also a carrier because it can open B/L.无船承运人也是承运人，因为其能够开立提单。无船承运人（Non-vessel Operating Common Carrier）6.Transportation creates location value in logistics.运输在物流中创造空间价值。7.Transport does not need to change package of goods or stop in any place between the departure point and destination loc

30、ation. 运输不需要在途中改变货物包装或在发运地和目的地之间某个地方停留。8. Door to door delivery refers to carrier picking up the goods from the shippers warehouse and delivers it to consignees warehouse. 门到门运输是承运人在发货人仓库将货物打包并将其送到收货人仓库。9.Containerization can speed up the logistics process , such as handling , loading and unloading

31、, storing and transport. 集装运输能够提高搬运、装卸、储存和运输等物流环节的速度。10. Domestic intercity truck is the motor carrier service between the different cities domestically. 国内城市间的卡车运输提供国内不同城市之间的汽车运输服务。11.A fleet is group of vehicles or ships owned or operated as a unit. 运输队是指拥有或运行一队汽车或轮船的单位。12. Transportation is usual

32、ly the biggest logistic costs for most companies. 对大多数公司来说，运输费通常是最大的物流费用。13. Truck enjoys the great advantages in the transit time and frequency compared to other transportation means. 相对于其它运输方式来说，卡车在运输时间和频率上拥有极大的优势。14. The railroad represents the biggest usage in the land transport in china. 在中国，铁路

33、在陆路运输中运输率最高。 represent ,reprizentvt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；15. There are three kinds of freight in transport : full-car load , less-than-truckload and container. 运输中存在三种装载方式：整车装载，拼箱装载和集装箱。16. Water transport can carry the greatest amount of goods for the longest distance with the lowest cost. 水运能以最低的成本,长途运输最大

34、量的货物。16. Air transport has the distinct advantage in the terms of fast delivery and enjoy the lowest ratio of loss and damage. 空运在快速运输上有显著的优势，并享有最低的货损率。 distinct adj. 明显的；独特的；清楚的； in terms of 依据；按照；在方面；以措词 ratio reiiu; -u n. 比；比率17. The most economic feasible products transported by pipeline are cru

35、de oil , natural gas and refined petroleum one. 通过管道运输的最经济可行的产品有原油、天然气和精炼汽油。 feasible fi:zbl adj.切实可行的；能实行的，行得通的 crude adj. 粗糙的；粗鲁的；天然的，未加工的 refined adj. 油气化工冶 精炼的；精确的；微妙的； petroleum pitrulim; p- n.石油18. International transport is dominated by water carries . It is used to transport more than 70% of the total trading volu